ppsc fpsc tests complete book
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book for passing ppsc and fpscTRANSCRIPT
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PREFACE This Data is collected & Compiled from Internet and
other sources By
Ch. Yasir Shahzad( Gujrat)
Book For FPSC It will helpful for preparation of all PPSC, FPSC, NTS, PMS & CSS Tests
Best Of Luck
You Can Not Help Every one But Every
One Can Help Someone
'FPSC Custom Inspectors BS16 & Preventive Officer BS16 Prepartion group
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Federal Public Service Commission has published the Syllabus for the 227 posts of
Appraising/Valuation Officer (BS-16) and Inspector Federal Board of Revenue
Division
Note: There are 5 Parts every Part contains Equal Marks
No Negative Marking
Part 1
English ( 20 Marks)
Part 2
2.1 Basic-Arithmetic ( 20 Marks)
2.2 Current Affairs including World and Pakistan ( 20 Marks)
2.3 Pak Affairs and Islamyat (10 +10 each total 20)
2.4 Genreal Knowledge ( 20 Marks )
Part 1
English
Subject of English has a great importance in all types of examination like Css,Pcs
or other general exams. A candidate should try to prepare this subject carefully.
Mostly jobs tests contains English question type as following
Synonyms, Antonyms
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Analogies Preposition, Phrasal verbs, Word meanings, Grammar Questions, Tense Questions, Direct Indirect, Active Voice, Passive Voice, Questions on a give Passage,
Synonyms And Antonyms
What are Synonyms?
When two pair of words mean exactly same in their meaning or nearly same or similar are
termed as Synonyms. Thereby a single word can carry many synonyms. For example; Simple,
Smooth, Easy are Synonyms of each other.
The formations of synonyms changes as per the changing form, let it be either verb, adjective,
adverb, preposition etc. On can understand better with the help of examples.
Verb: Walk and Stroll
Adjective: Beautiful and Charming
Adverb: Easily and Comfortably
Preposition: On and Upon
Given below are a few handful tips which shall be helpful to you to solve synonyms.
Tips & Tricks to solve Synonyms correctly in exam:
1. If one does not know the exact meaning of the word, try understanding it in the context of the
paragraph.
2. In case the meaning of the word is not clear, going through all the available options can
certainly be considered as a good idea. By doing so, one can start getting idea about the given
question & start negating the available options one after the other.
3. Sometimes it so happens that a particular word sounds more like a tongue twister, so try &
break it into meaningful parts. Chances are there that the full word might start making more
sense in this way.
4. One of the effective ways of knowing & scoring well in this section is to keep a regular tab &
enough involvement of reading synonyms & making ones own list. Revising the list regularly
helps one in remembering the synonyms more often.
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5. While replacing a particular word in sentence, using its synonym, please see to it that the
context does not change nor the whole meaning of the sentence.
Example: What is the synonym of Philanthropy?
a) injury
b) misappropriate
c) charity
d) endaemonism
e) cling
The correct answer is option c) charity.
Moving on to Antonyms. Let us understand what do we mean by saying Antonyms.
What are Antonyms?
Antonyms are the words, which mean opposite to the given word. Example: Antonym of
Benevolent is Malevolent or Unkind.
Given below are a few types of antonyms for better understanding of the students.
Types of Antonyms:
1. Gradable Antonyms: Both the words lie in a continuous spectrum. eg: hard and soft.
2. Complementary Antonyms: Over here, both the words do not lie in a continuous spectrum.
eg: push and pull
3. Relational Antonyms: Few kinds of antonyms are the ones, who make sense only when they
are read together. eg: teacher and pupil
In context of the examination, antonyms are being asked directly & at times based on the
paragraph.
Tips & Tricks to solve antonyms shall remain same as that of synonyms.
Let us take a look at the following passage for better understanding:
The railroad was not the first institution to impose regularity on society, or to draw attention to
the importance of precise timekeeping. For as long as merchants have set out their wares at day
break & communal festivities have been celebrated, people have been in rough agreement with
their neighbours as to the time of day. The value of this tradition is today more apparent than
ever. Were it not for public acceptance of a single yardstick of time, social life would be
unbearably chaotic: the massive daily transfers of goods, services, information, would proceed
in fits & starts the very fabric of modern society would begin to unravel.
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Question: In the above passage find out the antonym for the word stated in bold.
a) lawless
b) untidy
c) jumbled
d) calm
The answer to the above question is d) calm.
Thus a regular study & revisions of both synonyms & antonyms can give an answer to your long
lasting question on how to crack synonyms & antonyms questions in exams. Keep in mind the
above tips & techniques for better performance.
Send us your feedback for the same. Good Luck
Some Other Techniques for Solving Synonyms and Antonyms Questions
This part of the aptitude carries 8 marks in HCL and Infosys its like half of the verbal is
synonyms and antonyms. So a little concentration should be provided to this area. Most of the
words used are GRE high frequency words and if not they are going to new words.
For early preparation lets say you have couple of months before Infosys or HCL its better you
read the editorial column in the news papers and follow the below stated steps.
i. Experiment with synonyms
After you see the meaning of a word, look up its usage in the sentence that is usually present in
the dictionary. Note down this sentence. Prepare a new sentence after understanding the meaning
of the word.
ii. Prepare sentences with antonyms
So the next step is to find the antonym of the word, this further helps you to store the word well
in your mind. Now try to form a sentence or couple of sentences with the antonyms.
iii. Compare synonyms and antonyms
Use both the synonym (a word having the same or nearly the same meaning as another word)
and the antonym to construct sentences using the same context or situation. This procedure
enables you to see a word from both sides.
If you can follow this strategy, it would definitely solve your problem of learning new words
without forgetting their meaning.
iv. Important: Use the same context
You should always use the same background to write sentences using a new word, its synonyms
and antonyms. If you use different circumstances, events or situations to get acquainted with the
meaning and the usage of a word, there is a strong possibility that you may get confused.
It is the context that will always remind you of how the word is used, and will ensure you dont
forget the meaning easily.
This part will work only if you have a sufficient time to work out. Most of us dont follow these
steps so we need a shortcut.
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Shortcuts work, you cant expect 100% result when your gonna use shortcuts and most of these
tricks are tricky too
GRE Techniques can be used:
Week before the placements go for the online test link and apply these techniques and see if they
are working out for you These tricks are enough for all companies, but Infosys it wont work
out
Trick 1
Try to put the word in a sentence or a phrase and guess its meaning
Trick 2
When you have a word try to guess all its synonyms and from the answers see the exact word
which has the same meaning, in the case of antonym the opposite meaning
Trick 3
Read all the options, most of us think of time and come up with the answer which has close
match to the word. But there is an actual word with the same meaning hidden there.
Trick 4
First know the part of the speech the word is used in For example the word run can be used as
a verb but it could also be used as noun like home run so make sure you know the part of
speech before answering.
Trick 5
Some words are eye catchy, you immediately think its going to be the antonym/synonym, but
most of the guesses are not gonna be right so go through the options once again unless your sure
of the answer
Some Synonyms and Antonyms
Word Synonym Synonym
narrow confined restricted
nature aspect character
necessary mandatory requisite
negate contradict refute
negligent careless remiss
negotiate bargain deal
nice affable benign
noble aristocratic distinguished
novice beginner nonprofessional
nuisance annoyance offense
obedient faithful loyal
objection disapproval protest
obligatory compulsory required
observe notice watch
obvious conspicuous definite
offend anger irritate
offer bid proposal
omen premonition sign
omit exclude remove
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opportune advantageous auspicious
pacify appease placate
pain ache discomfort
paramount chief leading
partisan biased dogmatic
passive inactive lethargic
pause break cease
permeate diffuse disseminate
perpetuate endure preserve
perplex astonish baffle
persecute afflict harass
radiate effuse emanate
radical basic fundamental
range anger furor
rank arrange classify
realize accomplish fulfill
recalcitrant obstinate stubborn
receptacle container repository
reconcile atone conciliate
regret deplore grieve
reliable dependable trustworthy
sanction approval permit
scope aim extent
section division portion
settle adjust compromise
shallow superficial trivial
shrewd careful calculating
significant distinctive important
slight delicate slender
spontaneous impromptu unplanned
spread announce broadcast
stabilize balance steady
tame domesticate subdue
tangle intertwine twist
temper mood nature
tendency inclination trend
term cycle duration
thrift conservation prudence
tough aggressive unyielding
transfer convey exchange
tumult agitation commotion
turbulent disordered violent
vain boastful inflated
valid authorized legitimate
variety assortment diversify
verify authenticate substantiate
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Serial Word Antonyms Synonyms
1 Combat Harmony , Peace , Concord , Amity , Cooperation , Surrender , Compromise
War , Fighting , Battle , Encounter , Contest , Fight , Conflict
2 Brevity Confused , Longevity , Loquacious , Verbosity , Garrulity
Short , Laconic , Concise , Brief
3 Alarming Hopeful , Comforting , Auspicious , Encouraging , Optimistic
Frightful , Dreadful , Terrible , Shocking , Ominous , Awful , Threatening , Scary
4 Feeble Strong , Forceful , Vigorous , Firm , Muscular , Powerful , Robust
Weak , Fragile , Impotent , Languid , Frail
5 Miserable Happy , Jocund , Cheerful , Glad , Joyous , Prosperous , Dignified , Blessed
Forlorn , Melancholy , Unhappy , Sad , Dismal , Pathetic , Wretched , Oppressive
6 Splendid Dull , Ordinary , Dark , Humble , Dim , Dreadful , Cloudy , Terrible
Resplendent , Marvellous , Radiant , Magnificent , Brilliant , Wonderful , Shining , Great , Excellent
7 Vague Clear , Evident , Defined , Obvious , Sharp , Certain , Distinct , Definite
Dim , Obscure , Nebulous , Indefinite , Doubtful , Ambiguous , Unclear , Abstruse
8 Controversy Agreement , Peace , Dispute , Strife , Argument , Discord , Contention ,
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Serial Word Antonyms Synonyms
Compromise , Concord , Accord , Harmony
Conflict , Debate , Quarrel
9 Elegant Inexpensive , Ugly , Simple , Awkward , Usual , Rough , Vulgar , Rude , Coarle
Luxurious , Polished , Dignified , Fine , Graceful , Refined , Exquisite , Polite
10 Horrible Agreeable , Attractive , Pleasant , Fascinating , Delightful , Pleasing , charming
Frightful , Horrid , Ghastly , Horrifying , Fearful , Terrific , Ugly , Awful
11 Fame Disrepute , Dishonour , Notoriety , Obscurity , Oblivion
Esteem , Repute , Credit , Prestige , Glory , Honour , Reputation , Renown
12 Scanty Ample , Plentiful , Excessive , Abundant , Sufficient ,
Deficient , Narrow , Slender , Limited , Meagre , Sparse , Poor, Inadequate , Few , Small ,
13 Worthless Excellent , Useful , Good , Worthwhile , Valuable , Admirable
Cheap , Futile , Base , Useless , Valueless , Contemptible
14 Inclement Genial , Temperate , Mild , Favourable , Pleasant
Rough , Severe , Stormy , Harsh , Unpleasant , Unfavourable
15 Hazard Certainty , Surety , Protection , Security
Danger , Threat , Jeopardy , Peril , Venture , Risk
16 Brutal Tender , Merciful , Compassionate ,
Savage , Inhuman , Bestial , Merciless , Cruel ,
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Serial Word Antonyms Synonyms
Humane , Sympathetic , Gentle , Kind
Barbarous
17 Audacious Courteous , Humble , Polite , Modest , Fearful , Timid
Intrepid , Adventurous , Daring , Bold , Courageous , Insolent , Impudent
18 Wicked Just , Moral , Good , Virtuous , Upright ,
Malevolent , Evil , Heinous , Criminal , Vicious , Corrupt , Immoral , Bad
19 Abhor Devotion , Fondness , Passion , Love , Attachment , Admiration , Affection
Disdain , Hate , Abominate , Dislike , Scorn , Despise
20 Filthy Immaculate , Clean , Virtuous , Pure , Decent , Spotless
Nasty , Foul , Unclean , Putrid , Dirty , Impure , Polluted , Corrup
Serial Number
Word Synonym Antonym
1 Abandon Leave Pursue
2 Abash Humble Conceited
3 Abate Decrease Increase
4 Aberration Shorten Lengthen
5 Abduct Kidnap Deliver
6 Aberration Distortion Truth
7 Abhor Dislike Like
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Serial Word Antonyms Synonyms
8 Abject Servile Arrogant
9 Abjure Give Up Accept
10 Abridge Summaries Expand
11 Abscond Disappear Present
12 Accumulate Gather Scatter
13 Acquaintance Familiar Ignorant
14 Adversity Misfortune Good Fortune
15 Allay Relieve Worsen
16 Allure Charm Repel
17 Ally Friend Enemy
18 Ample Enough Limited
19 Annex Take Possession Give Up
20 Annihilate Destroy Establish
21 Apparent Clear Unclear
22 Ascend Go Up Come Down
23 Assent Agree Disagree
24 Auspicious Fortunate Unfortunate
25 Awkward Unskillful Skilful
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Serial Word Antonyms Synonyms
26 Bankrupt Penniless Prosperous
27 Benevolence Kindness Cruelty
28 Bewilder Confuse Enlighten
29 Bliss Joy Sorrow
30 Blunt Insensitive Sensitive
31 Boost Help Hinder
32 Brace Support Weaken
33 Brevity Brief Enlarge
34 Brusque Curt Courteous
35 Calamity Disaster Prosperity
36 Casuality Accident Intentional
37 Celibate Unmarried Married
38 Clumsy Awkward Elegant
39 Clutch Grasp Release
40 Coarse Rough Refined
41 Coherence Solidity Break
42 Combat Battle Peace
43 Compassion Sympathy Cruel
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Serial Word Antonyms Synonyms
44 Compress Condense Expand
45 Concord Accord Discord
46 Confine Limit Extend
47 Conscientious Principled Disbelief
48 Considerate Thoughtful Careless
49 Contemptible Detestable Admirable
50 Creed Belief Disbelief
51 Cripple Disable Able
52 Cynical Distrustful Believing
53 Dainty Delicate Coarse
54 Deception Fraud Honesty
55 Decline Decrease Enhance
56 Deed Action Passivity
57 Delicacy Elegance Crudeness
58 Denote Imply Conceal
59 Dependence Reliance Independence
60 Despair Dejection Elation
61 Despise Hate Admire
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Serial Word Antonyms Synonyms
62 Deviate Stray Abide
63 Diligent Laborious Lazy
64 Dissolve Break Up Join
65 Diversity Variety Unify
66 Dreadful Frightening Pleasing
67 Ebb Decline Increase
68 Enchant Fascinate Disgust
69 Encroach Intrude Withdraw
70 Endanger Risk Protect
71 Envious Jealous Content
72 Evasion Avoid Defend
73 Exert Strain Rest
74 Extravagant Wasteful Economical
75 Fanciful Imaginary Real
76 Feeble Weak Strong
77 Filthy Dirty Clean
78 Foresight Foreknowledge Short sight
79 Fundamental Basic Secondary
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Serial Word Antonyms Synonyms
80 Gorgeous Magnificent Simple
81 Grasp Hold Release
82 Hazard Danger Surety
83 Humid Moist Dry
84 Humorous Funny Serious
85 Hypocrisy Pretend Honesty
86 Ignoble Servile Noble
87 Imitate Copy Original
88 Imminent Impending Unlikely
89 Inclement Unfavourable Favourable
90 Induce Persuade Discourage
91 Insert Put In Remove
92 Integrity Honesty Dishonesty
93 Intensify Increase Decrease
94 Jest Joke Serious
95 Kindle Ignite Put out
96 Miscellaneous Various Identical
97 Modest Humble Arrogant
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Serial Word Antonyms Synonyms
98 Mourn Grieve Rejoice
99 Nimble Fast Slow
100 Notion Belief Truth
101 Numerous Various few
102 Obligatory Necessary Voluntary
103 Oblivious Unaware Aware
104 Obscure Unclear Plain
105 Onerous Difficult Easy
106 Ooze Drip Pour
107 Ooze Hopeful Pessimist
108 Outbreak Tumult Order
109 Pacify Appease Irritate
110 Partial Unfair Fair
111 Peculiar Odd Usual
112 Persist Continue Discontinue
113 Predominant Prominent Subsidiary
114 Predicament Problem Decision
115 Prediction Forecast Conceal
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Serial Word Antonyms Synonyms
116 Premature Untimely Timely
117 Privilege Favour Inhibition
118 Profess Declare Conceal
119 Prohibit Ban Authorize
120 Prolong Lengthen Shorten
121 Queer Strange Ordinary
122 Radical Basic Superficial
123 Remorse Regret Exult
124 Repentance Regret Satisfaction
125 Riddle Puzzle Solution
126 Scatter Disperse Gather
127 Scanty Limited Abundant
128 Scold LimitedRebuke Praise
129 Slander Defame Praise
130 Solemn Pious Impious
131 Solitary Lonely Popular
132 Spiteful Malicious Benign
133 Stimulus Incentive Hindrance
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Serial Word Antonyms Synonyms
134 Sublime Noble Mean
135 Systematic Methodical Casual
136 Terse Short Lengthy
137 Timid Shy Brave
138 Transparent Lucid Obscure
139 Treacherous Unfaithful Faithful
140 Transient Temporary Permanent
141 Tremble Vibrate Steady
142 Tyranny Oppression Pity
143 Unanimous Unison Disagreement
144 Vehement Earnest Mild
145 Versatile Clever Dull
146 Wavering Unsteady Steady
147 Yoke Link Abandon
148 Zeal Dedication Apathy
Analogy
1.a similarity between like features of two things, on which a comparisonmay be based: the analogy between the heart and a pump.
2.
similarity or comparability:
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I see no analogy between your problem and mine.
3.
Biology. an analogous relationship.
4.
Linguistics.
a. the process by which words or phrases are created or re-formedaccording to existing patterns in the language, as when shoon wasre-
formed as shoes, when -
ize is added to nouns like winter to formverbs, or when a child says foots for feet.
b. a form resulting from such a process.
5.
Logic. a form of reasoning in which one thing is inferred to be similar toanother thing in a certain
respect, on the basis of the known similaritybetween the things in other respects.
Solving Analogies
Solving analogies is a terrific way to sharpen your thinking skills and prepare for standardized
tests.
An analogy is a type of word problem that consists of two word pairs. To solve the analogy you
must find a word that correctly completes the second pair. At first glance, the words in an
analogy may seem to have nothing to do with each other, but the words are always logically
related. The first pair of words has a relationship similar to the second pair of words. To solve
the analogy, you need to figure out that relationship.
Example:
GRACEFUL : CLUMSY :: HOT : _______
1. Read the analogy like this: Graceful is to clumsy as hot is to blank. 2. Then ask yourself: What's the relationship between graceful and clumsy? These words
have opposite meanings they are antonyms so the second pair of words must also be
antonyms.
3. Fill in the blank with a word that means the opposite of hot, and youve solved the analogy. The best answer is COLD.
Common Analogy Types
The word pairs in an analogy often have one of the following relationships:
Antonyms: Words that have opposite meanings, as in HOT : COLD
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Synonyms: Words that have the same or similar meanings, as
inUNHAPPY : SAD
Descriptive: One word describes the other word, as in FAST :
CHEETAH
Part to whole: One word is a part or piece of the other, as in PIECE :
PUZZLE
Item to category: One word is an item in the category named by the
other, as in
BASEBALL : SPORTS BALLS
Some analogies will not fit into the categories above.
Example: PUPPY : DOG :: KITTEN : _______
1. Read the analogy like this: Puppy is to dog as kitten is to blank. The first pair of words are not related in any of the ways listed above.
2. Try reading the analogy as a sentence that expresses the relationships between the words: A puppy is a young dog, as a kitten is a young....?
3. To solve this analogy, fill in the blank with a word that best completes this sentence. CATis the best answer.
Some other Three--Step Method ffor Sollviing Anallogiies Probllems The best way to solve analogies problems is to attack them using this universal method. Each of
the
following steps outlined in our Five-Step Method will work with any analogy you may
encounter,
regardless of the relationship shared between the word pair.
Sttep 1::
Build a strong bridge sentence relating the words in the question pair. The bridge should be as
short and
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clear as possible.
Functtiion Briidge::
1)) bag : buy
2)) baby : cry
3)) cloud : rain
4)) fork : eat
5)) car : stop
In the question to the left, the question pair is SHOVEL : DIG. First,
think about a necessary relationship shared between this pair:
A shovell iis used tto diig..
Remember, no proper analogies question will put words in the
question pair that do not share a diirectt and necessary relationship.
For example, you will never see the words MAN :: STRONG used in
the question pair, because they do not share a necessary
relationship. A man may or may not be strong.
Sttep 2::
Now, use this bridge with each answer choice, inserting them in place of the words in the
question pair.
1)) A bag iis used tto buy.. Perhaps, but this is not necessarily true. You may use a shopping cart
to buy
something. Or, you may use money to buy something. So this doesnt work. 2)) A baby iis used tto cry.. This doesnt work; a baby isnt used to do anything. 3)) A clloud iis used tto raiin.. A cloud produces rain, but a cloud isnt used to rain. Again, a cloud isnt necessarily used to do anything.
4)) A ffork iis used tto eatt.. Here we have a strong relationship. A fork is definitely used to eat.
This seems
to be the correct answer, but lets try the last one just to make sure. 5)) A car iis used tto sttop.. One of the operations of a car is to stop. However, a car is not
necessarily used
to stop. A car is used to travel, or to transport. So, this doesnt work. Therefore, answer choice #4 must
be the correct answer.
Sttep 3::
If after completing steps 1 and 2 you still have not found an answer pair that works, then it may
be
necessary to adjust the bridge sentence. Lets look back at our original example: Functtiion Briidge::
1)) bag : buy
2)) baby : cry
3)) cloud : rain
4)) fork : eat
5)) car : stop
It may be that our original bridge was not strong enough. Imagine if
our bridge was: A shovell may be used tto diig..
Now, it is possible to come up with two correct answers:
1)) A bag may be used tto buy..
4)) A ffork may be used tto eatt..
Our original bridge wasnt strong enough. Therefore, we need to strengthen our bridge by making it more specific, and repeat steps 1
and 2.
Prepositions
Definition
A preposition is a word that indicates location (in, near, beside) or some other relationship
(about, after, besides) between a noun or pronoun and other parts of the sentence. A preposition
isn't a preposition unless it goes with a related noun or pronoun, called the object of the
preposition.
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Examples:
Let's meet before noon.
Before is a preposition; noon is its object.
We've never met before.
There is no object; before is an adverb modifying met.
Rule 1. A preposition generally, but not always, goes before its noun or pronoun. One of the
undying myths of English grammar is that you may not end a sentence with a preposition. But
look at the first example that follows. No one should feel compelled to say, or even write, That is
something with which I cannot agree. Just do not use extra prepositions when the meaning is
clear without them.
Correct: That is something I cannot agree with.
Correct: Where did you get this?
Incorrect: Where did you get this at?
Correct: How many of you can I depend on?
Correct: Where did he go?
Incorrect: Where did he go to?
Rule 2a. The preposition like means "similar to" or "similarly to." It should be followed by an
object of the preposition (noun, pronoun, noun phrase), not by a subject and verb. Rule of thumb:
Avoid like when a verb is involved.
Correct:
You look like your mother.
That is, you look similar to her. (Mother is the object of the preposition like.)
Incorrect:
You look like your mother does.
(Avoid like with noun + verb.)
Rule 2b. Instead of like, use as, as if, as though, or the way when following a comparison with a
subject and verb.
Correct: You look the way your mother does.
Incorrect: Do like I ask. (No one would say Do similarly to I ask.)
Correct: Do as I ask.
Incorrect: You look like you're angry.
Correct: You look as if you're angry. (OR as though)
Some speakers and writers, to avoid embarrassment, use as when they mean like. The following
incorrect sentence came from a grammar guide:
Incorrect: They are considered as any other English words.
Correct: They are considered as any other English words would be.
Correct: They are considered to be like any other English words.
Remember: like means "similar to" or "similarly to"; as means "in the same manner that." Rule
of thumb: Do not use as unless there is a verb involved.
Incorrect: I, as most people, try to use good grammar.
Correct: I, like most people, try to use good grammar.
Correct: I, as most people do, try to use good grammar.
NOTE
The rule distinguishing like from as, as if, as though, and the way is increasingly ignored, but
English purists still insist upon it.
Rule 3. The preposition of should never be used in place of the helping verb have.
Correct: I should have done it.
Incorrect: I should of done it.
Rule 4. Follow different with the preposition from. Things differ from other things;
avoiddifferent than.
Incorrect: You're different than I am.
Correct: You're different from me.
Rule 5. Use into rather than in to express motion toward something. Use in to tell the location.
Correct: I swam in the pool.
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Correct: I walked into the house.
Correct: I looked into the matter.
Incorrect: I dived in the water.
Correct: I dived into the water.
Incorrect: Throw it in the trash.
Correct: Throw it into the trash.
Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal verbs are usually two-word phrases consisting of verb + adverb or verb + preposition.
Think of them as you would any other English vocabulary. Study them as you come across them,
rather than trying to memorize many at once. Use the list below as a reference guide when you
find an expression that you don't recognize. The example sentences will help you understand the
meanings. If you think of each phrasal verb as a separate verb with a specific meaning, you will
be able to remember it more easily. Like many other verbs, phrasal verbs often have more than
one meaning.
phrasal verb meaning example sentence
ask someone out invite on a date Brian askedJudy out to dinner and a
movie.
ask around ask many people the
same question
I asked aroundbut nobody has seen
my wallet.
add up to something equal Your purchasesadd up to$205.32.
back something up reverse You'll have toback up your car so
that I can get out.
back someone up support My wife backedme up over my
decision to quit my job.
blow up explode The racing carblew up after it
crashed into the fence.
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phrasal verb meaning example sentence
blow something up add air We have toblow 50 balloons up for
the party.
break down stop functioning
(vehicle, machine)
Our car broke down at the side of
the highway in the snowstorm.
break down get upset The womanbroke downwhen the
police told her that her son had died.
break somethingdown divide into smaller
parts
Our teacherbroke the final
project downinto three separate
parts.
break in force entry to a
building
Somebodybroke in last night and
stole our stereo.
break into something enter forcibly The firemen had to break intothe
room to rescue the children.
break something in wear something a few
times so that it doesn't
look/feel new
I need to breakthese shoes inbefore
we run next week.
break in interrupt The TV stationbroke in to report the
news of the president's death.
break up end a relationship My boyfriend and I broke upbefore
I moved to America.
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phrasal verb meaning example sentence
break up start laughing
(informal)
The kids justbroke up as soon as
the clown started talking.
break out escape The prisonersbroke out of jail when
the guards weren't looking.
break out insomething develop a skin
condition
I broke out in a rash after our
camping trip.
bring someone down make unhappy This sad music isbringing medown.
bring someone up raise a child My
grandparentsbrought me upafter
my parents died.
bring something up start talking about a
subject
My mother walks out of the room
when my fatherbrings upsports.
bring something up vomit He drank so much that
hebrought his dinner up in the
toilet.
call around phone many different
places/people
We called around but we weren't
able to find the car part we needed.
call someone back return a phone call I called the company backbut the
offices were closed for the weekend.
call something off cancel Jason called the wedding offbecause
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phrasal verb meaning example sentence
he wasn't in love with his fianc.
call on someone ask for an answer or
opinion
The professorcalled on me for
question 1.
call on someone visit someone We called onyou last night but you
weren't home.
call someone up phone Give me your phone number and I
will callyou up when we are in
town.
calm down relax after being angry You are still mad. You need to calm
downbefore you drive the car.
not care
forsomeone/something
not like (formal) I don't care forhis behaviour.
catch up get to the same point as
someone else
You'll have to run faster than that if
you want to catch up with Marty.
check in arrive and register at a
hotel or airport
We will get the hotel keys when
we check in.
check out leave a hotel You have tocheck out of the hotel
before 11:00 AM.
checksomeone/somethingout look at carefully,
investigate
The companychecks out all new
employees.
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phrasal verb meaning example sentence
check outsomeone/something look at (informal) Check out the crazy hair on that
guy!
cheer up become happier She cheered upwhen she heard the
good news.
cheer someone up make happier I brought you some flowers
tocheer you up.
chip in help If everyonechips in we can get the
kitchen painted by noon.
clean something up tidy, clean Please clean upyour bedroom
before you go outside.
come acrosssomething find unexpectedly I came acrossthese old photos when
I was tidying the closet.
come apart separate The top and bottom come apart if
you pull hard enough.
come down withsomething become sick My nephewcame down
with chicken pox this weekend.
come forward volunteer for a task or
to give evidence
The womancame forwardwith her
husband's finger prints.
come fromsomewhere originate in The art of origami comes
from Asia.
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phrasal verb meaning example sentence
count onsomeone/something rely on I am counting on you to make
dinner while I am out.
cross something out draw a line through Please cross out your old address
and write your new one.
cut back onsomething consume less My doctor wants me to cut back
on sweets and fatty foods.
cut something down make something fall to
the ground
We had to cutthe old tree in our
yard downafter the storm.
cut in interrupt Your father cut in while I was
dancing with your uncle.
cut in pull in too closely in
front of another vehicle
The bus driver got angry when that
car cut in.
cut in start operating (of an
engine or electrical
device)
The air conditioner cuts in when the
temperature gets to 22C.
cut something off remove with something
sharp
The doctors cut off his leg because
it was severely injured.
cut something off stop providing The phone company cut offour
phone because we didn't pay the bill.
cut someone off take out of a will My grandparentscut my
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phrasal verb meaning example sentence
fatheroff when he remarried.
cut something out remove part of
something (usually
with scissors and
paper)
I cut this ad outof the newspaper.
dosomeone/somethingover beat up, ransack (BrE,
informal)
He's lucky to be alive. His shop
was done overby a street gang.
do something over do again (AmE) My teacher wants me to domy
essay overbecause she doesn't like
my topic.
do away withsomething discard It's time to do away with all of
these old tax records.
do something up fasten, close Do your coat upbefore you go
outside. It's snowing!
dress up wear nice clothing It's a fancy restaurant so we have
to dress up.
drop back move back in a
position/group
Andrea dropped back to third place
when she fell off her bike.
drop in/by/over come without an
appointment
I might drop in/by/over for tea
sometime this week.
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phrasal verb meaning example sentence
dropsomeone/somethingoff take
someone/something
somewhere and leave
them/it there
I have to dropmy sister off at work
before I come over.
drop out quit a class, school etc I dropped outof Science because it
was too difficult.
eat out eat at a restaurant I don't feel like cooking tonight.
Let's eat out.
end up eventually
reach/do/decide
We ended uprenting a movie
instead of going to the theatre.
fall apart break into pieces My new dressfell apart in the
washing machine.
fall down fall to the ground The picture that you hung up last
night fell downthis morning.
fall out separate from an
interior
The money must have fallen outof
my pocket.
fall out (of hair, teeth) become
loose and unattached
His hair started to fall out when he
was only 35.
figure something out understand, find the
answer
I need to figure out how to fit the
piano and the bookshelf in this
room.
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phrasal verb meaning example sentence
fill something in to write information in
blanks, as on a form
(BrE)
Please fill in the form with your
name, address, and phone number.
fill something out to write information in
blanks, as on a form
(AmE)
The form must be filled out in
capital letters.
fill something up fill to the top I always fill the water jug upwhen it
is empty.
find out discover We don't know where he lives. How
can we find out?
find something out discover We tried to keep the time of the
party a secret, but
Samanthafound it out.
get somethingacross/over communicate, make
understandable
I tried to get my pointacross/over to
the judge but she wouldn't listen.
get along/on like each other I was surprised how well my new
girlfriend and my sistergot
along/on.
get around have mobility My grandfather can get aroundfine
in his new wheelchair.
get away go on a vacation We worked so hard this year that we
had toget away for a week.
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phrasal verb meaning example sentence
get away withsomething do without being
noticed or punished
Jason alwaysgets away
withcheating in his maths tests.
get back return We got backfrom our vacation last
week.
get something back receive something you
had before
Liz finally gother Science
notes back from my room-mate.
get back at someone retaliate, take revenge My sister got back at me for
stealing her shoes. She stole my
favourite hat.
get back intosomething become interested in
something again
I finally got back into my novel and
finished it.
get on something step onto a vehicle We're going to freeze out here if you
don't let usget on the bus.
get over something recover from an illness,
loss, difficulty
I just got overthe flu and now my
sister has it.
get over something overcome a problem The company will have to close if it
can't get over the new regulations.
get round tosomething finally find time to do
(AmE: get around
tosomething)
I don't know when I am going to get
round towriting the thank you
cards.
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phrasal verb meaning example sentence
get together meet (usually for social
reasons)
Let's get together for a BBQ this
weekend.
get up get out of bed I got up early today to study for my
exam.
get up stand You should get up and give the
elderly man your seat.
give someone away reveal hidden
information about
someone
His wife gavehim away to the
police.
give someone away take the bride to the
altar
My father gaveme away at my
wedding.
give something away ruin a secret My little sistergave the surprise
partyaway by accident.
give something away give something to
someone for free
The library wasgiving away old
books on Friday.
give something back return a borrowed item I have to givethese skatesback to
Franz before his hockey game.
give in reluctantly stop
fighting or arguing
My boyfriend didn't want to go to
the ballet, but he finally gave in.
give something out give to many people They weregiving out free perfume
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phrasal verb meaning example sentence
(usually at no cost) samples at the department store.
give something up quit a habit I am giving upsmoking as of
January 1st.
give up stop trying My maths homework was too
difficult so Igave up.
go after someone follow someone My brother tried to go after the thief
in his car.
go after something try to achieve
something
I went after my dream and now I
am a published writer.
go against someone compete, oppose We are going against the best
soccer team in the city tonight.
go ahead start, proceed Please go ahead and eat before the
food gets cold.
go back return to a place I have to go back home and get my
lunch.
go out leave home to go on a
social event
We're going outfor dinner tonight.
go out with someone date Jesse has beengoing out withLuke
since they met last winter.
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phrasal verb meaning example sentence
go over something review Please go overyour answers before
you submit your test.
go over visit someone nearby I haven't seen Tina for a long time. I
think I'llgo over for an hour or two.
go withoutsomething suffer lack or
deprivation
When I was young, we went
without winter boots.
grow apart stop being friends over
time
My best friend and I grew
apart after she changed schools.
grow back regrow My roses grew back this summer.
grow up become an adult When Jackgrows up he wants to be
a fireman.
grow out ofsomething get too big for Elizabeth needs a new pair of shoes
because she has grown out of her
old ones.
grow into something grow big enough to fit This bike is too big for him now, but
he shouldgrow into it by next year.
hand somethingdown give something used to
someone else
I handed my old comic
booksdown to my little cousin.
hand something in submit I have to hand in my essay by
Friday.
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phrasal verb meaning example sentence
hand something out to distribute to a group
of people
We will hand out the invitations at
the door.
hand something over give (usually
unwillingly)
The police asked the man tohand
over his wallet and his weapons.
hang in stay positive (informal) Hang in there. I'm sure you'll find a
job very soon.
hang on wait a short time
(informal)
Hang on while I grab my coat and
shoes!
hang out spend time relaxing
(informal)
Instead of going to the party we are
just going tohang out at my place.
hang up end a phone call He didn't say goodbye before
he hung up.
holdsomeone/somethingback prevent from
doing/going
I had to holdmy dog backbecause
there was a cat in the park.
hold something back hide an emotion Jamie held backhis tears at his
grandfather's funeral.
hold on wait a short time Please hold onwhile I transfer you
to the Sales Department.
hold ontosomeone/something hold firmly using your
hands or arms
Hold onto your hat because it's very
windy outside.
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phrasal verb meaning example sentence
holdsomeone/somethingup rob A man in a black mask held the
bank up this morning.
keep on doingsomething continue doing Keep on stirring until the liquid
comes to a boil.
keep something fromsomeone not tell We kept our relationshipfrom our
parents for two years.
keepsomeone/somethingout stop from entering Try to keep the wet dog out of the
living room.
keep something up continue at the same
rate
If you keepthose results upyou will
get into a great college.
let someone down fail to support or help,
disappoint
I need you to be on time.
Don'tlet me downthis time.
let someone in allow to enter Can you let the cat in before you go
to school?
log in (or on) sign in (to a website,
database etc)
I can't log in to Facebook because
I've forgotten my password.
log out (or off) sign out (of a website,
database etc)
If you don't log off somebody could
get into your account.
look aftersomeone/something take care of I have to look after my sick
grandmother.
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phrasal verb meaning example sentence
look down onsomeone think less of, consider
inferior
Ever since we stole that chocolate
bar your dad haslooked down
on me.
look forsomeone/something try to find I'm looking fora red dress for the
wedding.
look forward tosomething be excited about the
future
I'm looking forward to the
Christmas break.
look into something investigate We are going tolook into the price
of snowboards today.
look out be careful, vigilant,
and take notice
Look out! That car's going to hit
you!
look out
forsomeone/something
be especially vigilant
for
Don't forget tolook out forsnakes on
the hiking trail.
look something over check, examine Can you look over my essay for
spelling mistakes?
look something up search and find
information in a
reference book or
database
We can look her phone
numberup on the Internet.
look up to someone have a lot of respect
for
My little sister has alwayslooked
up to me.
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phrasal verb meaning example sentence
make something up invent, lie about
something
Josie made up a story about why we
were late.
make up forgive each other We were angry last night, but
we made up at breakfast.
make someone up apply cosmetics to My sisters mademe up for my
graduation party.
mix something up confuse two or more
things
I mixed up the twins' names again!
pass away die His unclepassed awaylast night
after a long illness.
pass out faint It was so hot in the church that an
elderly ladypassed out.
pass something out give the same thing to
many people
The professorpassed the
textbooks outbefore class.
pass something up decline (usually
something good)
I passed up the job because I am
afraid of change.
pay someone back return owed money Thanks for buying my ticket.
I'll payyou back on Friday.
pay for something be punished for doing
something bad
That bully willpay for being mean
to my little brother.
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phrasal verb meaning example sentence
pick something out choose I picked outthree sweaters for you
to try on.
pointsomeone/somethingout indicate with your
finger
I'll point my boyfriend outwhen he
runs by.
put something down put what you are
holding on a surface or
floor
You can put the groceries downon
the kitchen counter.
put someone down insult, make someone
feel stupid
The studentsput the substitute
teacher downbecause his pants were
too short.
put something off postpone We are putting off our trip until
January because of the hurricane.
put something out extinguish The neighboursput the
fire outbefore the firemen arrived.
put somethingtogether assemble I have to putthe cribtogether before
the baby arrives.
put up
withsomeone/something
tolerate I don't think I can put up withthree
small children in the car.
put something on put
clothing/accessories on
your body
Don't forget toput on your new
earrings for the party.
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phrasal verb meaning example sentence
run intosomeone/something meet unexpectedly I ran into an old school-friend at the
mall.
run oversomeone/something drive a vehicle over a
person or thing
I accidentallyran over your bicycle
in the driveway.
run over/throughsomething rehearse, review Let's run over/throughthese lines
one more time before the show.
run away leave unexpectedly,
escape
The child ran away from home and
has been missing for three days.
run out have none left We ran out of shampoo so I had to
wash my hair with soap.
send something back return (usually by
mail)
My letter gotsent back to me
because I used the wrong stamp.
set something up arrange, organize Our boss set a meeting up with the
president of the company.
set someone up trick, trap The police set up the car thief by
using a hidden camera.
shop around compare prices I want to shop around a little before
I decide on these boots.
show off act extra special for
people watching
He alwaysshows off on his
skateboard
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phrasal verb meaning example sentence
(usually boastfully)
sleep over stay somewhere for the
night (informal)
You shouldsleep overtonight if the
weather is too bad to drive home.
sort something out organize, resolve a
problem
We need to sortthe bills outbefore
the first of the month.
stick to something continue doing
something, limit
yourself to one
particular thing
You will lose weight if youstick
to the diet.
switch something off stop the energy flow,
turn off
The light's too bright. Could
you switch itoff.
switch something on start the energy flow,
turn on
We heard the news as soon as
we switched onthe car radio.
take after someone resemble a family
member
I take after my mother. We are both
impatient.
take something apart purposely break into
pieces
He took the car brakes apartand
found the problem.
take something back return an item I have to takeour new
TVback because it doesn't work.
take off start to fly My plane takes off in five minutes.
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phrasal verb meaning example sentence
take something off remove something
(usually clothing)
Take off your socks and shoes and
come in the lake!
take something out remove from a place or
thing
Can you takethe garbage outto the
street for me?
take someone out pay for someone to go
somewhere with you
My grandparentstook us out for
dinner and a movie.
tear something up rip into pieces I tore up my ex-boyfriend's letters
and gave them back to him.
think back remember (often + to,
sometimes + on)
When I think back on my youth, I
wish I had studied harder.
think something over consider I'll have to thinkthis job
offerover before I make my final
decision.
throw somethingaway dispose of We threw our old
furnitureaway when we won the
lottery.
turn something down decrease the volume or
strength (heat, light
etc)
Please turn the TV down while the
guests are here.
turn something down refuse I turned the jobdown because I
don't want to move.
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phrasal verb meaning example sentence
turn something off stop the energy flow,
switch off
Your mother wants you toturn the
TV offand come for dinner.
turn something on start the energy, switch
on
It's too dark in here. Let's turnsome
lights on.
turn something up increase the volume or
strength (heat, light
etc)
Can you turnthe music up? This is
my favourite song.
turn up appear suddenly Our cat turned up after we put
posters up all over the
neighbourhood.
try something on sample clothing I'm going to trythese jeans on, but I
don't think they will fit.
try something out test I am going totry this new brand of
detergent out.
use something up finish the supply The kids usedall of the
toothpaste up so we need to buy
some more.
wake up stop sleeping We have towake up early for work
on Monday.
warmsomeone/somethingup increase the
temperature
You can warmyour feet up in front
of the fireplace.
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phrasal verb meaning example sentence
warm up prepare body for
exercise
I always warm up by doing sit-ups
before I go for a run.
wear off fade away Most of my make-up wore
off before I got to the party.
work out exercise I work out at the gym three times a
week.
work out be successful Our planworked outfine.
work something out make a calculation We have towork out the total cost
before we buy the house.
Part 2
2.1 Basic-Arithmetic
Averages Numbers HCF amd LCF Ration and Proportions Profit ans Loss Square root and Cube root Chain Rule Area Percentage Decimal Fraction Simplification
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Profit and Loss
Formulas
IMPORTANT FACTS
Cost Price:
The price, at which an article is purchased, is called its cost price, abbreviated as C.P.
Selling Price:
The price, at which an article is sold, is called its selling prices, abbreviated as S.P.
Profit or Gain:
If S.P. is greater than C.P., the seller is said to have a profit or gain.
Loss:
If S.P. is less than C.P., the seller is said to have incurred a loss.
IMPORTANT FORMULAE
1. Gain = (S.P.) - (C.P.) 2. Loss = (C.P.) - (S.P.) 3. Loss or gain is always reckoned on C.P. 4. Gain Percentage: (Gain %)
Gain % =
Gain x 100
C.P.
5. Loss Percentage: (Loss %)
Loss % =
Loss x 100
C.P.
6. Selling Price: (S.P.)
SP =
(100 + Gain %) x C.P
100
7. Selling Price: (S.P.)
SP =
(100 - Loss %) x C.P.
100
8. Cost Price: (C.P.)
C.P. =
100 x S.P.
(100 + Gain %)
9. Cost Price: (C.P.)
C.P. =
100 x S.P.
(100 - Loss %)
10. If an article is sold at a gain of say 35%, then S.P. = 135% of C.P.
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11. If an article is sold at a loss of say, 35% then S.P. = 65% of C.P. 12. When a person sells two similar items, one at a gain of say x%, and the other at a loss of x%,
then the seller always incurs a loss given by:
Loss % =
Common Loss and Gain %
2 =
x
2 .
10 10
13. If a trader professes to sell his goods at cost price, but uses false weights, then
Gain % =
Error x 100
%. (True Value) - (Error)
1. Alfred buys an old scooter for Rs. 4700 and spends Rs. 800 on its repairs. If he sells the scooter
for Rs. 5800, his gain percent is:
A. 4 4 %
7
B. 5 5
% 11
C. 10% D. 12%
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Cost Price (C.P.) = Rs. (4700 + 800) = Rs. 5500.
Selling Price (S.P.) = Rs. 5800.
Gain = (S.P.) - (C.P.) = Rs.(5800 - 5500) = Rs. 300.
Gain % =
300 x 100
% = 5
5 %
5500 11
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2. The cost price of 20 articles is the same as the selling price of x articles. If the profit is 25%, then
the value of x is:
A. 15 B. 16
C. 18 D. 25
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Let C.P. of each article be Re. 1 C.P. of x articles = Rs. x.
S.P. of x articles = Rs. 20.
Profit = Rs. (20 - x).
20 - x x 100 = 25
x
2000 - 100x = 25x
125x = 2000
x = 16.
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3. If selling price is doubled, the profit triples. Find the profit percent.
A. 66 2
3
B. 100
C. 105 1
3
D. 120
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Let C.P. be Rs. x and S.P. be Rs. y.
Then, 3(y - x) = (2y - x) y = 2x.
Profit = Rs. (y - x) = Rs. (2x - x) = Rs. x.
Profit % =
x x 100
% = 100% x
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4. In a certain store, the profit is 320% of the cost. If the cost increases by 25% but the selling price
remains constant, approximately what percentage of the selling price is the profit?
A. 30% B. 70%
C. 100% D. 250%
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Let C.P.= Rs. 100. Then, Profit = Rs. 320, S.P. = Rs. 420.
New C.P. = 125% of Rs. 100 = Rs. 125
New S.P. = Rs. 420.
Profit = Rs. (420 - 125) = Rs. 295.
Required percentage =
295 x 100
% =
1475 % = 70% (approximately).
420 21
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5. A vendor bought toffees at 6 for a rupee. How many for a rupee must he sell to gain 20%?
A. 3 B. 4
C. 5 D. 6
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
C.P. of 6 toffees = Re. 1
S.P. of 6 toffees = 120% of Re. 1 = Rs. 6
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5
For Rs. 6
, toffees sold = 6. 5
For Re. 1, toffees sold =
6 x 5
= 5. 6
. The percentage profit earned by selling an article for Rs. 1920 is equal to the percentage loss
incurred by selling the same article for Rs. 1280. At what price should the article be sold to make
25% profit?
A. Rs. 2000 B. Rs. 2200
C. Rs. 2400 D. Data inadequate
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Let C.P. be Rs. x.
Then, 1920 - x
x 100 = x - 1280
x 100 x x
1920 - x = x - 1280
2x = 3200
x = 1600
Required S.P. = 125% of Rs. 1600 = Rs.
125 x 1600
= Rs 2000. 100
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7. A shopkeeper expects a gain of 22.5% on his cost price. If in a week, his sale was of Rs. 392,
what was his profit?
A. Rs. 18.20 B. Rs. 70
C. Rs. 72 D. Rs. 88.25
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
C.P. = Rs.
100 x 392
= Rs.
1000 x 392
= Rs. 320 122.5 1225
Profit = Rs. (392 - 320) = Rs. 72.
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8. A man buys a cycle for Rs. 1400 and sells it at a loss of 15%. What is the selling price of the
cycle?
A. Rs. 1090 B. Rs. 1160
C. Rs. 1190 D. Rs. 1202
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C
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Explanation:
S.P. = 85% of Rs. 1400 = Rs.
85 x 1400
= Rs. 1190 100
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9. Sam purchased 20 dozens of toys at the rate of Rs. 375 per dozen. He sold each one of them at
the rate of Rs. 33. What was his percentage profit?
A. 3.5 B. 4.5
C. 5.6 D. 6.5
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Cost Price of 1 toy = Rs.
375
= Rs. 31.25 12
Selling Price of 1 toy = Rs. 33
So, Gain = Rs. (33 - 31.25) = Rs. 1.75
Profit % =
1.75 x 100
% =
28 % = 5.6%
31.25 5
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10. Some articles were bought at 6 articles for Rs. 5 and sold at 5 articles for Rs. 6. Gain percent is:
A. 30% B. 33 1 %
3
C. 35% D. 44%
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Suppose, number of articles bought = L.C.M. of 6 and 5 = 30.
C.P. of 30 articles = Rs.
5 x 30
= Rs. 25. 6
S.P. of 30 articles = Rs.
6 x 30
= Rs. 36. 5
Gain % =
11 x 100
% = 44%. 25
11. On selling 17 balls at Rs. 720, there is a loss equal to the cost price of 5 balls. The cost price of a
ball is:
A. Rs. 45 B. Rs. 50
C. Rs. 55 D. Rs. 60
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
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(C.P. of 17 balls) - (S.P. of 17 balls) = (C.P. of 5 balls)
C.P. of 12 balls = S.P. of 17 balls = Rs.720.
C.P. of 1 ball = Rs.
720
= Rs. 60. 12
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12. When a plot is sold for Rs. 18,700, the owner loses 15%. At what price must that plot be sold in
order to gain 15%?
A. Rs. 21,000 B. Rs. 22,500
C. Rs. 25,300 D. Rs. 25,800
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
85 : 18700 = 115 : x
x =
18700 x 115
= 25300. 85
Hence, S.P. = Rs. 25,300.
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13. 100 oranges are bought at the rate of Rs. 350 and sold at the rate of Rs. 48 per dozen. The
percentage of profit or loss is:
A. 14 2 % gain
7
B. 15% gain
C. 14 2 % loss
7
D. 15 % loss
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
C.P. of 1 orange = Rs.
350
= Rs. 3.50 100
S.P. of 1 orange = Rs.
48
= Rs. 4 12
Gain% =
0.50 x 100
% =
100 % = 14
2 %
3.50 7 7
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14. A shopkeeper sells one transistor for Rs. 840 at a gain of 20% and another for Rs. 960 at a loss of
4%. His total gain or loss percent is:
A. 5 15
% loss 17
B. 5 15
% gain 17
C. 6 2 % gain
3
D. None of these
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option B
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Explanation:
C.P. of 1st transistor = Rs.
100 x 840
= Rs. 700. 120
C.P. of 2nd transistor = Rs.
100 x 960
= Rs. 1000 96
So, total C.P. = Rs. (700 + 1000) = Rs. 1700.
Total S.P. = Rs. (840 + 960) = Rs. 1800.
Gain % =
100 x 100
% = 5
15 %
1700 17
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15. A trader mixes 26 kg of rice at Rs. 20 per kg with 30 kg of rice of other variety at Rs. 36 per kg
and sells the mixture at Rs. 30 per kg. His profit percent is:
A. No profit, no loss B. 5%
C. 8% D. 10%
E. None of these
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
C.P. of 56 kg rice = Rs. (26 x 20 + 30 x 36) = Rs. (520 + 1080) = Rs. 1600.
S.P. of 56 kg rice = Rs. (56 x 30) = Rs. 1680.
Gain =
80 x 100
% = 5%. 1600
Average
Formulas
1. Average:
Average =
Sum of observations
Number of observations
2. Average Speed:
Suppose a man covers a certain distance at x kmph and an equal distance at y kmph.
Then, the average speed druing the whole journey is
2xy
kmph. x + y
1. In the first 10 overs of a cricket game, the run rate was only 3.2. What should be the run rate in
the remaining 40 overs to reach the target of 282 runs?
A. 6.25 B. 6.5
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C. 6.75 D. 7
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Required run rate =
282 - (3.2 x 10)
= 250
= 6.25 40 40
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2. A family consists of two grandparents, two parents and three grandchildren. The average age of
the grandparents is 67 years, that of the parents is 35 years and that of the grandchildren is 6
years. What is the average age of the family?
A. 28 4
years 7
B. 31 5
years 7
C. 32 1
years 7
D. None of these
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Required average
=
67 x 2 + 35 x 2 + 6 x 3
2 + 2 + 3
=
134 + 70 + 18
7
=
222
7
= 31
5 years.
7
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3. A grocer has a sale of Rs. 6435, Rs. 6927, Rs. 6855, Rs. 7230 and Rs. 6562 for 5 consecutive
months. How much sale must he have in the sixth month so that he gets an average sale of Rs.
6500?
A. Rs. 4991 B. Rs. 5991
C. Rs. 6001 D. Rs. 6991
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Total sale for 5 months = Rs. (6435 + 6927 + 6855 + 7230 + 6562) = Rs. 34009.
Required sale = Rs. [ (6500 x 6) - 34009 ]
= Rs. (39000 - 34009)
= Rs. 4991.
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4. The average of 20 numbers is zero. Of them, at the most, how many may be greater than zero?
A. 0 B. 1
C. 10 D. 19
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Average of 20 numbers = 0.
Sum of 20 numbers (0 x 20) = 0.
It is quite possible that 19 of these numbers may be positive and if their sum is a then 20th
number is (-a).
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5. The average weight of 8 person's increases by 2.5 kg when a new person comes in place of one of
them weighing 65 kg. What might be the weight of the new person?
A. 76 kg B. 76.5 kg
C. 85 kg D. Data inadequate
E. None of these
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Total weight increased = (8 x 2.5) kg = 20 kg.
Weight of new person = (65 + 20) kg = 85 kg. 6. The captain of a cricket team of 11 members is 26 years old and the wicket keeper is 3 years
older. If the ages of these two are excluded, the average age of the remaining players is one year
less than the average age of the whole team. What is the average age of the team?
A. 23 years B. 24 years
C. 25 years D. None of these
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Let the average age of the whole team by x years.
11x - (26 + 29) = 9(x -1)
11x - 9x = 46
2x = 46
x = 23.
So, average age of the team is 23 years.
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7. The average monthly income of P and Q is Rs. 5050. The average monthly income of Q and R is
Rs. 6250 and the average monthly income of P and R is Rs. 5200. The monthly income of P is:
A. 3500 B. 4000
C. 4050 D. 5000
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Let P, Q and R represent their respective monthly incomes. Then, we have:
P + Q = (5050 x 2) = 10100 .... (i)
Q + R = (6250 x 2) = 12500 .... (ii)
P + R = (5200 x 2) = 10400 .... (iii)
Adding (i), (ii) and (iii), we get: 2(P + Q + R) = 33000 or P + Q + R = 16500 .... (iv)
Subtracting (ii) from (iv), we get P = 4000.
P's monthly income = Rs. 4000.
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8. The average age of husband, wife and their child 3 years ago was 27 years and that of wife and
the child 5 years ago was 20 years. The present age of the husband is:
A. 35 years B. 40 years
C. 50 years D. None of these
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Sum of the present ages of husband, wife and child = (27 x 3 + 3 x 3) years = 90 years.
Sum of the present ages of wife and child = (20 x 2 + 5 x 2) years = 50 years.
Husband's present age = (90 - 50) years = 40 years.
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9. A car owner buys petrol at Rs.7.50, Rs. 8 and Rs. 8.50 per litre for three successive years. What
approximately is the average cost per litre of petrol if he spends Rs. 4000 each year?
A. Rs. 7.98 B. Rs. 8
C. Rs. 8.50 D. Rs. 9
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
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Total quantity of petrol
consumed in 3 years
=
4000 +
4000 +
4000
litres 7.50 8 8.50
= 4000
2 +
1 +
2
litres 15 8 17
=
76700
litres 51
Total amount spent = Rs. (3 x 4000) = Rs. 12000.
Average cost = Rs.
12000 x 51
= Rs. 6120
= Rs. 7.98 76700 767
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10. In Arun's opinion, his weight is greater than 65 kg but less than 72 kg. His brother doest not
agree with Arun and he thinks that Arun's weight is greater than 60 kg but less than 70 kg. His
mother's view is that his weight cannot be greater than 68 kg. If all are them are correct in their
estimation, what is the average of different probable weights of Arun?
A. 67 kg. B. 68 kg.
C. 69 kg. D. Data inadequate
E. None of these
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Let Arun's weight by X kg.
According to Arun, 65 < X < 72
According to Arun's brother, 60 < X < 70.
According to Arun's mother, X
-
B + C = (43 x 2) = 86 ....(iii)
Adding (ii) and (iii), we get: A + 2B + C = 166 .... (iv)
Subtracting (i) from (iv), we get : B = 31.
B's weight = 31 kg.
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12. The average weight of 16 boys in a class is 50.25 kg and that of the remaining 8 boys is 45.15 kg.
Find the average weights of all the boys in the class.
A. 47.55 kg B. 48 kg
C. 48.55 kg D. 49.25 kg
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Required average
=
50.25 x 16 + 45.15 x 8
16 + 8
=
804 + 361.20
24
=
1165.20
24
= 48.55
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13. A library has an average of 510 visitors on Sundays and 240 on other days. The average number
of visitors per day in a month of 30 days beginning with a Sunday is:
A. 250 B. 276
C. 280 D. 285
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since the month begins with a Sunday, to there will be five Sundays in the month.
Required average
=
510 x 5 + 240 x 25
30
=
8550
30
= 285
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14. If the average marks of three batches of 55, 60 and 45 students respectively is 50, 55, 60, then
the average marks of all the students is:
A. 53.33 B. 54.68
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C. 55 D. None of these
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Required average
=
55 x 50 + 60 x 55 + 45 x 60
55 + 60 + 45
=
2750 + 3300 + 2700
160
=
8750
160
= 54.68
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15. A pupil's marks were wrongly entered as 83 instead of 63. Due to that the average marks for the
class got increased by half (1/2). The number of pupils in the class is:
A. 10 B. 20
C. 40 D. 73
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Let there be x pupils in the class.
Total increase in marks =
x x 1
= x
2 2
x = (83 - 63)
x = 20 x= 40.
2 2
Problems on H.C.F and L.C.M
Formulas
1. Factors and Multiples:
If number a divided another number b exactly, we say that a is a factor of b.
In this case, b is called a multiple of a.
2. Highest Common Factor (H.C.F.) or Greatest Common Measure (G.C.M.) or Greatest Common Divisor (G.C.D.):
The H.C.F. of two or more than two numbers is the greatest number that divides each of them
exactly.
There are two methods of finding the H.C.F. of a given set of numbers:
I. Factorization Method: Express the each one of the given numbers as the product of prime factors. The product of least powers of common prime factors gives H.C.F.
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II. Division Method: Suppose we have to find the H.C.F. of two given numbers, divide the larger by the smaller one. Now, divide the divisor by the remainder. Repeat the
process of dividing the preceding number by the remainder last obtained till zero is
obtained as remainder. The last divisor is required H.C.F.
Finding the H.C.F. of more than two numbers: Suppose we have to find the H.C.F.
of three numbers, then, H.C.F. of [(H.C.F. of any two) and (the third number)] gives
the H.C.F. of three given number.
Similarly, the H.C.F. of more than three numbers may be obtained.
3. Least Common Multiple (L.C.M.):
The least number which is exactly divisible by each one of the given numbers is called their
L.C.M.
There are two methods of finding the L.C.M. of a given set of numbers:
I. Factorization Method: Resolve each one of the given numbers into a product of prime factors. Then, L.C.M. is the product of highest powers of all the factors.
II. Division Method (short-cut): Arrange the given numbers in a rwo in any order. Divide by a number which divided exactly at least two of the given numbers and carry
forward the numbers which are not divisible. Repeat the above process till no two of
the numbers are divisible by the same number except 1. The product of the divisors
and the undivided numbers is the required L.C.M. of the given numbers.
4. Product of two numbers = Product of their H.C.F. and L.C.M. 5. Co-primes: Two numbers are said to be co-primes if their H.C.F. is 1. 6. H.C.F. and L.C.M. of Fractions:
1. H.C.F. = H.C.F. of Numerators
L.C.M. of Denominators
2. L.C.M. = L.C.M. of Numerators
H.C.F. of Denominators
8. H.C.F. and L.C.M. of Decimal Fractions:
In a given numbers, make the same number of decimal places by annexing zeros in some
numbers, if necessary. Considering these numbers without decimal point, find H.C.F. or L.C.M.
as the case may be. Now, in the result, mark off as many decimal places as are there in each
of the given numbers.
9. Comparison of Fractions:
Find the L.C.M. of the denominators of the given fractions. Convert each of the fractions into
an equivalent fraction with L.C.M as the denominator, by multiplying both the numerator and
denominator by the same number. The resultant fraction with the greatest numerator is the
greatest.
1. Find the greatest number that will divide 43, 91 and 183 so as to leave the same remainder in
each case.
A. 4 B. 7
C. 9 D. 13
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Required number = H.C.F. of (91 - 43), (183 - 91) and (183 - 43)
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= H.C.F. of 48, 92 and 140 = 4.
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2. The H.C.F. of two numbers is 23 and the other two factors of their L.C.M. are 13 and 14. The
larger of the two numbers is:
A. 276 B. 299
C. 322 D. 345
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Clearly, the numbers are (23 x 13) and (23 x 14).
Larger number = (23 x 14) = 322.
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3. Six bells commence tolling together and toll at intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8 10 and 12 seconds
respectively. In 30 minutes, how many times do they toll together ?
A. 4 B. 10
C. 15 D. 16
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
L.C.M. of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 is 120.
So, the bells will toll together after every 120 seconds(2 minutes).
In 30 minutes, they will toll together
30
+ 1 = 16 times.
2
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4. Let N be the greatest number that will divide 1305, 4665 and 6905, leaving the same remainder
in each case. Then sum of the digits in N is:
A. 4 B. 5
C. 6 D. 8
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
N = H.C.F. of (4665 - 1305), (6905 - 4665) and (6905 - 1305)
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= H.C.F. of 3360, 2240 and 5600 = 1120.
Sum of digits in N = ( 1 + 1 + 2 + 0 ) = 4
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5. The greatest number of four digits which is divisible by 15, 25, 40 and 75 is:
A. 9000 B. 9400
C. 9600 D. 9800
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Greatest number of 4-digits is 9999.
L.C.M. of 15, 25, 40 and 75 is 600.
On dividing 9999 by 600, the remainder is 399.
Required number (9999 - 399) = 9600. 6. The product of two numbers is 4107. If the H.C.F. of these numbers is 37, then the greater
number is:
A. 101 B. 107
C. 111 D. 185
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Let the numbers be 37a and 37b.
Then, 37a x 37b = 4107
ab = 3.
Now, co-primes with product 3 are (1, 3).
So, the required numbers are (37 x 1, 37 x 3) i.e., (37, 111).
Greater number = 111.
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7. Three number are in the ratio of 3 : 4 : 5 and their L.C.M. is 2400. Their H.C.F. is:
A. 40 B. 80
C. 120 D. 200
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option A
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Explanation:
Let the numbers be 3x, 4x and 5x.
Then, their L.C.M. = 60x.
So, 60x = 2400 or x = 40.
The numbers are (3 x 40), (4 x 40) and (5 x 40).
Hence, required H.C.F. = 40.
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8. The G.C.D. of 1.08, 0.36 and 0.9 is:
A. 0.03 B. 0.9
C. 0.18 D. 0.108
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Given numbers are 1.08, 0.36 and 0.90. H.C.F. of 108, 36 and 90 is 18,
H.C.F. of given numbers = 0.18.
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9. The product of two numbers is 2028 and their H.C.F. is 13. The number of such pairs is:
A.