Utilizing Papain from Papaya (Carica papaya) Extract as Probable

Anthelmintic

Keziah Cyra B. PapasRESEARCHER

Chapter 1Chapter 1Problem and Its Problem and Its

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1.11.1 INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Loathed wherever they go, parasitic worms are some of the animal

kingdom’s true lowlifes. They feed of living hosts,sapping them of energy

and nutrients while causing a range of horrible diseases.

Fortunately, Anthelmintics has come to the rescue. Papain, an

enzyme that works similarly with Bromelain is found in Papaya (Carica

papaya). And this study will be focusing on utilizing Papain as probable

Anthelmintic.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMPROBLEM

The primary purpose of this study is to determine if the Papaya

(Carica papaya) can be a probable anthelmintic.

1. Is Papain in Papaya (Carica papaya) enough to stun or kill the helminths from the body?

2. In what particular concentration of Papain does the helminths in the body become stunned?

3. What particular parasitic worms can Papain stun or kill?

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE 1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYSTUDY

This study’s goal is to do the following:

1. To determine if Papain in Papaya (Carica papaya) is enough to eliminate helminths from the body

2. To know the particular concentration of Papain needed to stun or kill the helminths from the body.

3. To distinguish what particular parasitic worms can Papain can stun or kill.

1.4 HYPOTHESES1.4 HYPOTHESESBased on the research problem, the researcher formulated the

following hypotheses:

1. Papain in Papaya (Carica papaya) is not enough to eliminate helminths from the body.

2. The researcher will not know the particular concentration of Papain needed to stun or kill the helminths from the body.

3. There is no particular parasitic worm that Papain can stun or kill.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE 1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYSTUDY

The problems and difficulties to the affected person with helminths

furnish this problem the force of looking for a new solution in deworming.

1.6 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION1.6 SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONThis study will focus on utilizing the Papaya (Carica papaya) extract

as a probable anthelmintic.

1.7 CONCEPTUAL 1.7 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKFRAMEWORK

Collection of 3 naturally infected

rats (Rattus rattus) of helminths

Preparation of Papain

TreatmentObservation

1.8 REVIEW OF RELATED 1.8 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURELITERATURE

1.8.1 Parasitic Worms

Parasitic worms or helminths are a division of eukaryotic parasites

that, unlike external parasites such as lice and fleas, live inside their

hosts. They are organisms that live and feed off living hosts, receiving

nourishment and protection while disrupting their hosts’ nutrient

absorption, causing weakness and disease.

1.8 REVIEW OF RELATED 1.8 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURELITERATURE

1.8.2 Papaya (Carica papaya)

Green papaya fruit and the tree’s latex are both rich in an

enzyme called Papain, a protease which is useful in tenderizing meat

and other proteins. Its ability to break down tough meat fibers was used

for thousands of years by indigenous Americans. It is included as a

component in powdered meat tenderizers.

1.8 REVIEW OF RELATED 1.8 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURELITERATURE

1.8.3 PapainPapain, also known as papaya proteinase I, is a cysteine protease

(EC 3.4.22.2) enzyme present in papaya (Carica papaya)

Its utility is in breaking down tough meat fibers and has been utilized

for thousands of years in its native South America.

Past researches have confirmed that papain has reasonable

pharmacotherapeutic properties against intestinal nematodes of poultry.

1.8 REVIEW OF RELATED 1.8 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURELITERATURE

1.8.4 AnthelminticAnthelmintics or antihelminthics are drugs that expel parasitic worms

(helminths) from the body, by either stunning or killing them. They may

also be called vermifuges (stunning) or vermicides (killing).

Chapter 2Chapter 2MethodologyMethodology

2.1 MATERIALS AND 2.1 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTSEQUIPMENTS

I. Gathering of Papain from Papaya (Carica papaya)• Distilled water ● Knife

• Surgical Gloves• Crucibles• Papaya Fruits• Oven

2.1 MATERIALS AND 2.1 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTSEQUIPMENTS

II. Treatment• 3 Household rats (Rattus rattus) naturally infected with helminths• Papain• Distilled water

2.1 MATERIALS AND 2.1 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTSEQUIPMENTS

III. Data Gathering• Faecal samples from the treated household rats (Rattus rattus)• Microscopes

2.2 THE RESEARCH DESIGN2.2 THE RESEARCH DESIGN

The experimentation will be done in 4 phases:

1. Collection of 3 Household rats (Rattus rattus) naturally infected with helminths

2. Gathering of Papain from the Papaya (Carica papaya)

3. Treatment of the infected Rattus rattus of the gathered Papain

4. Observation of results

2.2 THE RESEARCH DESIGN2.2 THE RESEARCH DESIGN

2.2.1 Collection of 3 Household rats (Rattus rattus) infected with helminths3 Household rats that are naturally infected with helminths will be

collected to be studied and tested for the study.

2.2 THE RESEARCH DESIGN2.2 THE RESEARCH DESIGN

2.2.2 Gathering of Papain from the Papaya (Carica papaya)

Papain is the powder obtained from the Papaya latex by making

slits, vertically, of about 2mm using a sharp pointed knife on each of the

selected fruits still intact on the mother plant. After cutting or making a

slit, the latex will be collected and will then be dried in the oven at 40 C.

Then, it will be ground with the aid of laboratory mortar and pestle,

forming a greenish or grey powder.

2.2 THE RESEARCH DESIGN2.2 THE RESEARCH DESIGN

2.2.3 Treatment of the infected Rattus rattus of the papainThe first infected Rattus rattus will be treated with a mixture of 20%

watery solution with 300mg Papain for 3 days. The second infected

Rattus rattus will be treated with the same percentage of watery solution,

mixed with 350mg of Papain for 3 days. The third will be treated with

400mg Papain mixed with also 20% watery solution for 3 days.

2.2 THE RESEARCH DESIGN2.2 THE RESEARCH DESIGN

2.2.4 Observations of the results

On the first day of treatment, the faecal samples will be collected from the 3 Rattus rattus and will be observed for changes. On the second day, the faecal samples will also be examined and analyzed for changes until the third day.

2.3 FLOWCHART OF 2.3 FLOWCHART OF METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY

Gathering of Papain from the Papaya (Carica papaya)

Treatment of the infected

Rattus rattus of the papainObservations of the results

Collection of 3 Household

rats (Rattus rattus) infected

with helminths