ppt underground wp

8/10/2019 Ppt Underground Wp

1/57

Gale Associates, Inc.E n g i n e e r s a n d P l a n n e r s

Waterproofing Below Grade in

High Water Table Conditions

ICRI 2013 Spring Convention

James E. Saizan, AIA and Marc A. Loranger, P.E.

March 20, 2013


2/57

Presentation Outline

Type of Structures and Specific Concerns

Approaches to Sub-grade Waterproofing

Design and Product Considerations

Case Study Examples


3/57

Hydrostatic pressure weight of water

Storm water

Capil lary action

Sub-grade Structures and Concerns


4/57

Foundation walls and footings

Slabs on grade / spli t / mud

Sump / elevator pits

Pile and matt slab foundations

Retaining walls

Tunnels

Parking garages / slurry walls

Occupied below grade spaces

Sub-Grade Structures and Concerns


5/57

Code requirements

Tolerance to moisture

Risk of leakage

Redundancy in system

Key Concepts


6/57

Control of Ground and Storm Water

Footing drains

Under slab drains

Dewatering during excavation

Pumps and wells

Back up power for pumps

Approach to Sub-Grade

Waterproofing


7/57


8/57

Positive Side

Bentonite clay

Composite polymers

Reinforced fluid

Sheet membrane

Cementitious

Soil injection


Waterproofing


9/57


10/57


11/57


12/57


13/57


14/57

Negative Side

Crystalline

Metall ic oxide

Cementitious

Injection

Approach to Sub-GradeWaterproofing


15/57

Integral Concrete Waterproofing

Secondary / tertiary redundancy

Primary waterproof ing for duct banks

Dams, waterways, containment tanks

.002 crack bridging capabil ity

Approach to Sub-GradeWaterproofing


16/57

Joint Water Stops

Hydrophilic

Bulb

Consider joint movement

Retrofit applications

New to existing building transitions


Waterproofing


17/57


18/57


19/57

Code Requirements

MA Building Code (5thedition): 1224.4;Groundwater Investigation

2010 Florida Building Code

IBC/CT Building Code not less than 12 abovethe maximum elevation of the groundwater table

Dampproofing vs. waterproofing

Occupied spaces

Design Considerations


20/57

Geotechnical Data

Design groundwater elevation seasonalhighs and lows

Backfill type and acceptabili ty

Soil backfi ll requirements

Controlled compaction requirements

Damage control



21/57

Soil / Water Contamination and Testing

Saltwater

Brackish water / sulfates

Petroleum

Other chemicals (dry cleaning PCE, highalkaline, hard and soft water)

PH testing



22/57

Structural Configuration and Behavior

Active

Passive

System transitions



23/57

Environmental Conditions

Minimum application temperatures

Freezing temperature; surface and ambient

Precipitation

Dust control

Design ConsiderationsDesign Considerations


24/57

Surface Preparation

Concrete (honeycombing, form oils, formties and t ie wires, curing compounds, finish

considerations, cold joints) Soil / fills (compaction, correct aggregate

size, free draining, no clay in sub-base)

Forms (soldier pile and lagging, sheet pi ling

joints, tie-backs) Priming requirements



25/57

Construction Sequence

Pits prior to slabs

Footings / mats prior to walls

Membrane laps and transit ions

Open time and exposure subject to damage



26/57

Remedial Techniques

Dril l and pressure injection (high pressure)

Exterior soil injection / curtain walling (lowpressure)

Negative side cementitious and crystalline

Water plugs / patches

Positive side (Extensive)



27/57

Leak sources: slab penetrations andwall/floor joints

Buoyant pressures caused heaving andbuckling during storm related rising watertables

Exist ing system: composite HDPE/Bentoniteon positive/blind side, well point system

Case Study Example FloridaCourthouse Basement


28/57


29/57


30/57


31/57

Restoration options: injection, internal trench,

raised floor, eliminate floor penetrations

Lessons learned: design buoyant slab, detailslab penetrations, well-points needed back-up,continuity of waterproofing system

Case Study Example FloridaCourthouse Basement


32/57

Leak sources: wall and floor joints,penetrations and openings

Issues: storm impact on rising water table, ageof existing construction and impracticalpositive-side solutions

Existing system: multi-ply membrane withoutsub-surface drainage, urethane foam seals atpenetrations

Case Study Example Electrical

Vault Florida


33/57


34/57


35/57


36/57


37/57


38/57

Restoration options: negative-side crystalline

slurry, seal open penetrations with hydrophilicsealant, manage water intrusion

Lessons Learned: sub-surface drainage, pumpsystem needed as back-up

Case Study Example ElectricalVault Florida


39/57

Leak sources: slab and wall condensation

Conditioning and condensate on poorlyinsulated concrete

Specified system: bentonite sheet and dualwaterstop

Case Study Example Connecticut Beach Foundation


40/57


41/57


42/57


43/57


44/57


45/57


46/57


47/57


48/57

Restoration options: venti lation, cementitious orcrystalline

Lessons learned: peer review and dew pointanalysis could have identified potential issues,add vapor retarder

Case Study Example Connecticut Beach Foundation


49/57

Potential leak sources: pile and matt slab

foundation, wall to slab transitions Water cut off wall did not function as intended

Specified system: dual slab Bentonite at blindside,PVC/Bentonite composite on walls and

Bentonite/HDPE on plaza

Case Study Example BostonSchool Parking Garage


50/57


51/57


52/57


53/57

CMU BLOCK WALLS


54/57


55/57

Restoration options: injection or negative side

Lessons learned: prepare for worst case andpotential movement, on-site constructionmonitoring required

Case Study Example BostonSchool Parking Garage


56/57

Summary

Manage Storm and Groundwater

Code, Tolerance, Risk and Redundancy

Design Details

Construction Monitoring

Negligence


57/57

Negligence

ppt underground wp

Documents