Vehicle-to-Grid(PHEV integration to smart grid)

Shankar PAVADAI, Tariq KAREEMULLA 19-01-2014

Introduction

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• The development of vehicle-to-grid power systems can accelerate commercialization of Battery electric vehicles, Hybrid vehicles and Fuel cell vehicles.

• Most personal transportation vehicles sit parked more than 20 hours a day, during which they represent an idle asset. Vehicles that incorporate electric propulsion can be utilized as power sources while parked because their drive systems include the fundamental elements for generating AC power.

• Electric-drive vehicles, whether powered by Batteries, FCs, or gasoline hybrids, have within them the energy source and power electronics capable of producing the 60 Hz AC electricity that powers our homes and offices.

• When connections are added to allow this electricity to flow from cars to power lines, we call it "vehicle to grid" power, or simply V2G.

What is V2G?

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Conventional View

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* Ref. [4]

V2G concept

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* Ref. [4]

Electric vehicle charge stations serve as grid connection points for power delivery

Vehicles can provide– Extra power during demand peaks– Uninterrupted power source for businesses and homes– Demand charge reduction- monthly cost saving.

Increases reliability and efficiency of the power system

Profit for the car owner.

ADVANTAGES

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x Decreases Battery life

x Additional cost

x Extra weight

x New infrastructure

DISADVANTAGES

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Three strategies for V2G can resolve some potential conflicts:

– Add extra energy storage to the vehicle.

– Draw V2G from fleets with scheduled usage.

– Use of intelligent controls for complementary needs.

Propositions

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PHEV integration to smart grid

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• Successful integration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) into the power system is a major challenge for the future smart grid.

• Recent research progress has addressed different technical aspects of PHEV integration into the smart grid; such as charging and control strategies of PHEVs, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, and several application domains, such as wind energy integration, frequency regulation, design of parking areas and participation in electricity markets.

Economic Viability Play a significant role in improving the overall efficiency of

power system Pave way for large scale adaptation of EVs in smart grid

Environmental Aspect Makes the transportation sector less carbon intensive Cleaner alternative to fossil fuel vehicles Play active role in Renewable energy generation

Why PHEVs

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V2G schematic

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* Ref. [2]

• New load on the distribution network

• Integration of PHEVs into the electric grid much more challenging

• Bi-directional power flow problem of complexity and scalability

ISSUES (PHEV integration into the smart grid)

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1. Charging and scheduling of PHEVs

2. Applications in renewable energy integration

3. PHEV participation in electricity markets

4. Infrastructure and smart parking

Study aspects

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Grid Issues (additional Load)

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* Ref. [5]

• Precise estimation of available power at different locations

• Online mechanisms, decentralized smart charging strategy

• Smart energy management systems for Parking stations

A few solutions

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• Large scale adaptation of PHEVs is not only critical to the goal of a sustainable and carbon free transportation sector, but also to the success of smart grid and renewable energy integration.

• PHEVs are crucial for the next generation power grid, and future research in this area is likely to grow in future in different interesting directions

Conclusion

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References[1] Issues and solution approaches in PHEV integration to smart grid - Ashish Ranjan Hota, Mahesh Juvvanapudi, Prabodh Bajpai

[2] Vehicle-to-grid power fundamentals: Calculating capacity and net revenue- Willett Kempton, Jasna Tomic

[3] Intelligent optimization to integrate a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle smart parking lot with renewable energy resources and enhance grid characteristics - Farivar Fazelpour, Majid Vafaeipour, Omid Rahbari, Marc A. Rosen

[4] http://www.udel.edu/V2G/HowV2Gworks.html

[5] Master Thesis : VEHICLE TO GRID STATE OF THE ART SYSTEM DESIGN - Niklas Ingvar, Claes Persson (KTH)

[6] Impact of Electric Vehicles on the Power Grid- William M. Leahy, DIRECTOR (Institute for Sustainable Energy)

THANK YOU