ppt(six weeks)

PRESENTATION ON

SIX WEEKS INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

AT ADITYA TELECOM

SOLUTIONS SUBMITTED BY:-

ADITYA TELECOM SOLUTIONS

Aditya Telecom Solutions is formed by group of professionals in the field of telecommunications. Professionals having expertise in field of project planning, project management, RF planning , RF surveys , MW Planning , M/W surveys and network implementation, have joined hands to form a competent group. Their core strength is experienced technical competency and latest tools. Aditya Telecom Solutions is right now providing services in M/W Planning, RF and MW surveys, Drive testing and soon will be coming in the areas of Infrastructure, BTS Implementation and full fledged RF Optimization (GSM as well as CDMA).

PROFESSIONAL SERVICES IN ATSOL

ATSOL is presently into following:

(a) Radio Survey for cell sites survey.

(b) Network Optimization.

(c) MW Planning, MW Surveys and LOS Surveys.

(d) Training, Theory and Practical on KITS and TOOLS

for professional.

VALUEABLE CUSTOMERS OF ATSOL

Aircom International, India.Spice Communications,Reliance comm.Hutch, Mohali.IDEA, U.P West, Harayana.UT STAR COM for CDMA Drive Test.Projects of ERICSSON, NORTEL, NOKIA

etc Handled for Vendors.

Indian Regulatory Structure

WIRELINE COMMUNICATION

Local Telephone Network

National Telephone Network

International Telephone Network

NLD Call SequenceLet us now trace the call establishment sequence originating in surat to a phone in andheri

ILD Call SequenceCalls traversing two countries are international long distance calls. These calls are switched to appropriate countries by means of

international trunk automatic exchanges (ITAX) .

E1(CARRIER SYSTEM)

INTERNAL STRUCTURE

What is Signalling?Signaling is a set of information exchanged between the variousEquipments in the network to provide the requested service and facility to the subscriber.

For example, the subscriber has only the telephone instrument to convey the various stages of his making his call.on lifting the handset, an off hook signal is created at the exchange signifying that the subscriber intends to make a call.

CELLULAR COMMUNICATION A cellular system links Mobile subscribers to Public Telephone System or to another Mobile subscribers. It removes the fixed wiring used in a traditional telephone installation. Mobile subscriber is able to move around, perhaps can travel in a vehicle or on foot & still make & receive call.

Advantage of Cellular Communication Mobility Flexibility Convergence Greater QOS Network Expansion Revenue/Profit

THE CELL Cellular Radio involves dividing a large service area into regions called “cells.”

Each cell has the equipment to switch, transmit and receive calls.

CELL SIZELarge Cells35 KmRemote AreasHigh Transmission PowerFew subscribers

Small Cells Near about 1 KM Urban Areas Low Transmission Power Many Subscribers

CELLULAR TELEPHONYCELLULAR TELEPHONY

A cellular telephone system links mobile subscribers into the public telephone system or to another cellular subscriber.

Information between the mobile unit and the cellular network uses radio communication. Hence the subscriber is able to move around and become fully mobile.

The service area in which mobile communication is to be provided is divided into regions called cells.

Each cell has the equipment to transmit and receive calls from any subscriber located within the borders of its radio coverage area.

Radio

Mobile subscriber

Cell

INTRODUCTION TOINTRODUCTION TO GSM GSM

GSM FREQUENCIESGSM FREQUENCIES GSM systems use radio frequencies between 890-915 MHz for receive

and between 935-960 MHz for transmit. RF carriers are spaced every 200 kHz, allowing a total of 124 carriers

for use. An RF carrier is a pair of radio frequencies, one used in each direction. Transmit and receive frequencies are always separated by 45 MHz.

890 960935915

UPLINK FREQUENCIES DOWNLINK FREQUENCIES

UPLINK AND DOWNLINK FREQUENCY SEPERATED BY 45MHZ


1710 MHz 1880 MHz1805 MHz1785 MHz

UPLINK FREQUENCIES DOWNLINK FREQUENCIES

UPLINK AND DOWNLINK FREQUENCY SEPERATED BY 95MHZ

DCS1800 FREQUENCIESDCS1800 FREQUENCIES DCS1800 systems use radio frequencies between 1710-1785 MHz for

receive and between 1805-1880 MHz for transmit. RF carriers are spaced every 200 kHz, allowing a total of 373 carriers. There is a 100 kHz guard band between 1710.0 MHz and 1710.1 MHz

and between 1784.9 MHz and 1785.0 MHz for receive, and between 1805.0 MHz and 1805.1 MHz and between 1879.9 MHz and 1880.0 MHz for transmit.

Transmit and receive frequencies are always separated by 95 MHz.


ARCHITECTURE OF GSM NSS BSS

MS BTS BSC MSC

GMSC

VLR HLR AUC

EIR

MC

CDR

PSTN

OMC

MOBILE STATION (MS)

ME - Mobile Equipment

It is a hardware equipment used by subscriber to access the network.IMEI is stored in it.

SIM – Subscriber Identity Module

IMSI is stored in it.

BASE TRANSCIEVER STATION(BTS)

BTS contain RF components that provide the air interface for a particular cell.

This is the part of GSM network which communicates with MS.

The antenna is included as part of BTS.

BASE STATION CONTROLLER(BSC)

BSC is the interface between BTS and MSC.

It controls the number of BTSs (maximum 50-60 BTSs).

It provides radio resource management.

NETWORK SWITCHING SYSTEM(NSS)

MSC - Mobile Service Switching CenterVLR - Visitor Location Register HLR - Home Location Register AUC - Authentication Center EIR - Equipment Identity Register

MOBILE SERVICE SWITCHING CENTRE(MSC)

Call processing is controlled by MSC.

It manages the interface between GSM network and the PSTN.

It collect call billing data.

The HLR is a database that houses permanent subscriber records.

The records include the serial number and the location of the mobile station.

It is used in service verification and mobility management.

HOME LOCATION REGISTER

AUTHENTICATION CENTERThe AUC is a database that provides the means to “authenticate” or verify that the mobile is not fraudulent

MESSAGE CENTER (MC)

The MC is a processing center that receives and sends data messages for the short message service (SMS). The mobile station can send messages and receive messages

PSTN

The PSTN is a global network that provides local and long-distance telephone service worldwide.

Each MSC is connected to the PSTN.

EQUIPMENT IDENTITY REGISTER

White List

All Valid assigned ID’s

Grey List

Service allowedbut noted

Black List

Service denied

CALL PROCESSING OPERATIONSRegistration:-

In order to identify itself or obtain services from service provider, every mobile station has to register itself.

Mobile originated call setup (mobile Origination):- In this case, a mobile a mobile station initiates a call.

CALL PROCESSING OPERATIONSPaging: -When a call is made to a particular mobile station, it has to be paged in order to terminate the call at that particular mobile station.

Mobile Terminated Call setup (mobile termination):-The mobile station receives a call.

Roaming:-

A mobile station can move away from what is called its Home Serving Area and operable at a remote location. This process is called roaming

CALL PROCESSING OPERATIONS

Handoff:- A mobile station can move from one cell to another. The call and other resources allocated for that call are to be transferred to those in the other cell.

This is called handoff. There are two types of handoff – hard and soft handoffs.

CALL PROCESSING OPERATIONS

REGISTRATION (LOCATION UPDATE)

The Registration is a mechanism which the mobile station informs the network of its location, status (powered down or up), characteristics, and capabilities of the mobile station. This is referred to as attach or location update in the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM).


Advantages:-

Reduces Paging The mobile station location is known and the system may page the mobile station only in a subset of its call attempts

can be completed faster.


Faster Call Treatment: -

The Registration results in faster call treatment. Since the mobile station’s location is known, the network can page the mobile station faster. If a mobile station registers when it is powered down, call treatment for incoming calls will be faster.


Roaming Status:

When the mobile moves from its home system to another system, the VLR or the visited system keeps track of the mobile station by gathering information from the HLR of the mobile’s home system.

This can be made possible through registration.

REGISTRATION (LOCATION UPDATE)DisadvantageControl Channel Capacity:-

Increased registrations mean increased messaging on the reverse control channel (the radio link from the mobile station to the base station). This reduces capacity of reverse control channel. Reduction in capacity may result in call blockages since mobile origination messages are sent on the

reverse control channel.

PAGINGDefinition:-

Paging is the act of locating the mobile station when a call or any other message has to be delivered to that mobile station. The paging message contains the identity of the mobile station being paged.All mobile stations receive the paging message. Mobile stations compare the identity in the message with their stored identity.Only the mobile station whose identity matches sends a paging response back to the network.

ROAMINGRoaming is the ability of a subscriber to obtain mobile telecommunication services in areas other than the home system (service area).

• Handover takes place between different cell which are controlled by the same BSC.

Intra-BSC Handover

BSC1

BTS1Call is handed from timeslot 3 of cell1 to timeslot 1 of cell2 . Both the cells are controlled

by the same BSC.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

HANDOVER

• Handover takes place between different cell which are controlled by the different BSC.

Inter-BSC Handover

BSS1


by the different BSC.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7BSS2

MSC

BTS2

HANDOVER

• Handover takes place between different cell which are controlled by the different BSC and each BSC is controlled by different MSC.

Inter-MSC Handover

BSS1


by the different BSC, each BSCbeing controlled by different MSC.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7BSS2

MSC1

BTS2

MSC2

HANDOVER

THANK YOU

ppt(six weeks)

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