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Victory Starts Here!

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TRADOC G2: ACE Threats – Integration

Threat Tactics Course

US Army TRADOC G2: ACE Threats - Integration Distribution authorized to DoD and DoD contractors. Further dissemination only as directed by ACE

Threats-Integration, TRADOC G2 or higher DoD authority, as determined on 12 February 2015.

Hybrid Threat Defensive Tactics


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Terminal Learning Objective

Action: Discuss Hybrid Threat defensive tactics at the Brigade Tactical Group level and below.

Condition: Given a professional education seminar; threat training literature (U.S. Army TC 7-100 series); tactical vignettes that illustrate operational environment (OE) conditions and PMESII-PT variables; motivations, behavior, and characteristics of a threat; and probable-possible functional actions and enablers to achieve a mission task.

Standard: Understand the threat functional organizations and offensive actions of area defense, maneuver defense, complex battle positions, and simple battle positions.


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Defensive Tasks

BTG and HigherTactical Actions

Maneuver Defense

Area Defense

BDET and LowerTactical Actions

Disruption

Main Defense

Support

Reserve

ElementsDisruptionMain DefenseSupportReserve

DisruptionMain DefenseSupportReserve

Forces

Brigade Tactical Group

X

Battalion Detachment

II


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Defensive Purposes

Protect Personnel and Equipment Creates one or more locations in a battle zone where forces

critical to the OPFOR effort are protected from enemy reconnaissance, acquisition, and defeat/destruction.

Restrict Freedom of Movement Prevents the enemy from maneuver options.

Control Key Terrain Prevents enemy seizure of geographic features or facilities.

Gain Time Prevents enemy from successful scheme of maneuver before a

certain point in time or prior to a given event taking place.


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Common Defensive Tactical Missions

Contain: stop, hold, or surround enemy forces or to cause them to center their activity on a given front and prevent them from withdrawing any part of their forces for use elsewhere.

Block: denies the enemy access to an area or prevents his advance in a direction or along an avenue of approach.

Fix: prevents the enemy from moving any part of his force from a specific location for a specific period…or obstacle effect with fires and obstacles to slow movement.

Delay: trades space for time by slowing down the enemy’s momentum and inflicting maximum damage on the enemy without, in principle, becoming decisively engaged.

Disrupt: direct and indirect fires, terrain, and obstacles to upset an enemy’s formation or tempo, interrupt his timetable, or cause enemy forces to commit prematurely or attack in piecemeal fashion.

Turn: forcing an enemy force from one avenue of approach or mobility corridor to another.

C

B

F

D

D

T


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Tactical Considerations

Frontal

Flank

Envelop

Aerial

Land

Urban Rural

Aerial

Surface

Subterranean


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Historical - Stalingrad 1942

1 2

7

8

9

6

3

4

5

http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battle-of-stalingrad

Complex terrain

Terrain feature

Preparation Fortified positions

Improvised C&C

Leverage conditions

Close combat Anti-personnel wpns

Artillery







http://ww2db.com/images/battle_stalingrad7.jpg


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=do15W5yY1BI


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Historical: Manila 1945

What actionsdo you see inthe urban combatof Manila?

1

2

7

9

3

4

5

6

8

One urban block…


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What actions do you see in the urban combat of Manila?

1

23

4

5

6


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Look for actions—What did you see in the urban combat of

Manila? Dismounted infantry―small arms―grenades―machine guns Engineer support―smoke―flamethrowers―explosives Armor in direct fire engagements Light and heavy artillery direct and indirect fires… versus Fortified concrete buildings-complex street grid-trenches &

tunnels Historical multi-level city-coastal defenses-channeled fields of

fire

No enemy surrender—fight to the death…


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Basic Battle Positions

Simple Battle Position A simple battle position is a

defensive location oriented on the

most likely enemy avenue of

approach. SBPs are not necessarily

tied to complex terrain. However,

they often employ as much engineer

effort and/or camouflage,

concealment, cover, and deception

(C3D) measures as time allows.

Complex Battle Position A complex battle position (CBP) is a defensive

location designed to employ a combination of

complex terrain, C3D, and engineer effort to protect

the unit(s) within them from detection and attack

while denying their seizure and occupation by the

enemy.

Limited avenues of approach. (CBPs are not

necessarily tied to an avenue of approach.)

Any existing avenues of approach are easily

observable.

360-degree fire coverage and protection from attack.

Engineer effort prioritizing C3D measures; limited

counter mobility effort that might reveal the CBP

location.

Large logistics caches.

Sanctuary from which to launch local attacks.

This is different than the US “Complex Battle Position!”


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Simple Battle PositionA simple battle position is a defensive location oriented on the most likely enemy avenue of approach. SBPs are not necessarily tied to complex terrain. However, they often employ as much engineer effort and/or camouflage, concealment, cover, and deception (C3D) measures as time allows.

TC 7-100.2, Opposing Force Tactics

ElementsDisruption

CSOPAmbush, Attack by FireDelay, Disrupt, Fix

Ambush TeamMain Defense Reserve

Counterattack Conduct Counter penetration / anti-landing Act as deception element

Support Element

Tactical Task 7.0 Defend From a Simple Battle Position Subtasks:• Control. Orient on enemy

avenue of approach• Gain Advantage. Employ terrain,

survivability, and C3D to provide an advantage over attackers

TC 7-101, Exercise Design, APP B


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SBP Functional Organization

Typical functional organization for a simple battle position:

Action Element. (Main Defense) Uses a functional designation that describes its action task, such as support by fire, to defeat or destroy the enemy attacking force.

Enabling Elements. (Disruption, Support, and Reserve) Disruption Element. Locates enemy elements operating in the

area of responsibility or zone of reconnaissance responsibility. Support Element. Support capabilities can include command

and control (C2), combat service support (CSS), supporting direct or indirect fires, mobility support, SPF, and/or INFOWAR.

Reserve Element. Capable of exploiting an enemy vulnerability by isolating, delaying, blocking and/or fixing the enemy.


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SBP Defense Vignette – Forces

Order of Battle (Infantry Company – CDET)

Main Defense Elements

CSOPs

Fires Elements

Functional Task Organization

Reserve

L

Disruption Elements

I

L


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Mission: Delay Enemy Pursuit Action• Accomplishes the mission• How do I delay?

Main Def Element• T: Destroy• P:Restict FoM

Step 1: Identify Functions• Start with success • Action Element first; Enabling Element(s) second• ID action form, executable task, and purpose

Step 2: Allocate Resources

• Who can do this?• What do they need?

Step 3: Synchronize• Where do I have to be to employ capability?

SBP Defense VignetteFunctional Tactics (Build Back)

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UNCLASSIFIEDNNot to ScaleNOTE: Some elements removed for clarity.

ø

ø

Action Function: Main Defense ElementTask: DestroyPurpose: Achieve PLT OBJ: Delay

Action Function: Main Defense ElementTask: DestroyPurpose: Achieve PLT OBJ: Delay

KILLZONE

KILLZONE

SBP Defense Vignette


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Enabling• Assists mission accomplishment• How do assist delaying?

CSOP Element• T: Disruption• P: gain time


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ø

ø

KILLZONE

KILLZONE


D

D

CSOP

CSOP

Enabling Function: CSOP ElementTask: DisruptionPurpose: Degrade and Restrict FOM

Enabling Function: CSOP ElementTask: DisruptionPurpose: Degrade and Restrict FOM


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Disruption Elem.• T: Support by Fire• P: Canalize & Restrict


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ø

ø

KILLZONE

KILLZONE


D

D

CSOP

CSOP

ø

Enabling Function: Disruption ElementTask: Support by FirePurpose: Canalize and Restrict FOM


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Fire SPT Element• T: Suppress• P: Degrade


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ø

ø

KILLZONE

KILLZONE


D

D

CSOP

CSOP

ø

Enabling Function: Fire SPT ElementTask: Suppress Purpose: Disintegrate Enemy Forces

S

S

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ø

ø

KILLZONE

KILLZONE


D

D

CSOP

CSOP

ø

S

S

LReserve


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Fire SPT Element• T: Suppress• P: degrade

• 2x INF PLT•Tank (L) PLT (Reserve)

• 2x Recon Sqds

• 1x INF PLT

• 1x IDF PLT

Kill

Zone

Disr

uptio

n Zo

neSu

ppor

t Zo

ne


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ø

ø

KILLZONE

KILLZONE


D

D

CSOP

CSOP

ø

S

S

LReserve

Main Defense

Fire Support Element

Main Defense

Disruption Element


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Complex Battle PositionA complex battle position is a defensive location designed to employ a combination of complex terrain, C3D, and engineer effort to protect the unit(s) within them from detection and attack while denying their seizure and occupation by the enemy.

TC 7-100.2, Opposing Force Tactics

ElementsDisruption

CSOPAmbush, Attack by FireDelay, Disrupt, Fix


Counterattack Conduct Counter penetration / anti-landing Act as deception element

Support Element

Tactical Task 8.0 Defend From a Complex Battle Position Subtasks:• Protect. Employ complex terrain,

survivability, and C3D to protect the defending force from destruction.

• Degrade. Retain ability to conduct systems warfare actions from protected positions.

TC 7-101, Exercise Design, APP B


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CBP Functional Organization

Typical functional organization for a complex battle position:

Action Element. (Main Defense) Uses a functional designation

that describes its action task, such as attack by fire, to defeat

or destroy the enemy attacking force.

Enabling Elements. (Disruption, Support, and Reserve) Disruption Element. Locates enemy elements operating in the

area of responsibility or zone of reconnaissance responsibility.

Support Element. Support capabilities can include command and

control (C2), combat service support (CSS), supporting direct or

indirect fires, mobility support, SPF, and/or INFOWAR.


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GG

G

G

Attached from guerrilla battalion

INFOWAR

INFOWAR

HQ &SVC

WPN

2xAT-14

2xSA-186xSNIPERG

GHQ

GGG

GGGGHQ

Guerrilla Company(task organized)

12.7mmG

G

1x82mm RGG3x82mm

RG

G

3x60mmG

7.62mm G

7.62mm G

Recoilless Rifle Video

CBP Vignette Forces

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N

CBP Defense Vignette

MISSION: Protect CDET C2 & SUST (in UGF)

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N


Action Function: Main Defense ElementTask: DestroyPurpose: Achieve CDET OBJ: Protect

KILLZONE

KILLZONE

KILLZONE

KILLZONE

KILLZONE

KILLZO

NE


Mission: Protect C2 Action• Accomplishes the mission• How do I protect?

Main Def Element• T: Destroy• P:Protect Pers/Equip





CBP Defense VignetteFunctional Tactics (Build Back)

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N


GG

G

G

G GKILLZONE

KILLZONE

KILLZONE

KILLZONE

KILLZONE

CSOP

CSOP

Enabling Function: CSOP ElementsTask: DisruptionPurpose: Degrade and Restrict FOM

CSOP

CSOP

CSOP

CSOP

CSOPKILL

ZONE








Enabling• Assists mission accomplishment• How do assist protecting?

CSOP Elements• T: Disruption• P: Degrade & Restrict


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N


GG

G

G

G GKILLZONE

KILLZONE

KILLZONE

KILLZONE

KILLZONE

D

CSOP

CSOP

D

CSOP

D

CSOPD CSOP

D

CSOP

DDCSOP

Disruption Element

Disruption Element

Disruption Element

Disruption Element

Enabling Function: Disruption ElementsTask: DisruptionPurpose: Canalize and Restrict FOM

Disruption Element

KILLZO

NE

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N


GG

G

G

G GKILLZONE

KILLZONE

KILLZONE

KILLZONE

KILLZONE

D

CSOP

CSOP

D

CSOP

D

CSOPD CSOP

D

CSOP

DDCSOP

Disruption Element

Disruption Element

Disruption Element

Disruption Element

Enabling Function: Disruption ElementsTask: DisruptionPurpose: Canalize and Restrict FOM

Disruption Element

T

KILLZO

NE









CSOP Element• T: Disruption• P: Degrade & Restrict

Disruption Elem.• T: Disruption• P: Canalize & Restrict


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N


GG

G

G

G GKILLZONE

KILLZONE

KILLZONE

KILLZONE

KILLZONE

D

CSOP

CSOP

D

CSOP

D

CSOPD CSOP

D

CSOP

D

D

DCSOP

GG

G

øINFOWAR

Disruption ElementG

Disruption Element

Disruption Element

øINFOWAR

Disruption Element

G

Disruption Element

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IEDIED

T

Fire Spt Element

SA-18

Enabling Function: Fire Spt ElementsTask: Support by FirePurpose: Canalize and Restrict FOM

KILLZO

NE



Main Def Element• T: Destroy• P: P:Protect Pers/Equip








Fire SPT Element• T: Suppress• P: Disintegrate

Fire SPT Element• T: Support by Fire• P: Canalize & Restrict


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N


GG

G

G

G GKILLZONE

KILLZONE

KILLZONE

KILLZONE

KILLZONE

D

CSOP

CSOP

D

CSOP

D

CSOPD CSOP

D

CSOP

D

D

DCSOP

GG

G

øINFOWAR

Disruption ElementG

Disruption Element

Disruption Element

øINFOWAR

Disruption Element

G

Disruption Element

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IEDIED

T

Fire Spt Element

SA-18

G

G

GKILL

ZONE

G












• 7x Guerilla SQD+ • 6x Guerilla OP

• 2x Guerilla SQD+

• 1x 60mm MTR Sect• 1x SA18 SQD

Kill

Zone

Disr

uptio

n Zo

neSu

ppor

t Zo

ne

Fire SPT Element• T: Support by Fire• P: Canalize & Restrict• Guerilla Sniper Sect



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MAIN

EFFORTMAIN

EFFORT

CBP

Red-Speak Blue-SpeakStrong point – A heavily fortified battle position tied to a natural or reinforcing obstacle to create an anchor for the defense or to deny the enemy decisive or key terrain. (ADP 3-90)…an anchor around which more mobile units maneuver, or as part of a trap designed to destroy attacking enemy forces that attack. (FM 3-21.10)

Complex Battle PositionA complex battle position (CBP) is a defensive location designed to employ a combination of complex terrain, C3D, and engineer effort to protect the unit(s) within them from detection and attack while denying their seizure and occupation by the enemy. • Limited avenues of approach. (CBPs are not necessarily tied to an

avenue of approach.)• Any existing avenues of approach are easily observable.• 360-degree fire coverage and protection from attack. • Engineer effort prioritizing C3D measures; limited counter mobility

effort that might reveal the CBP location.• Large logistics caches.• Sanctuary from which to launch local attacks.

(TC 7-100.2 para. 4-108)

For Discussion


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Area DefenseArea defense is a type of defensive action designed to achieve a decision by either Forcing the enemy’s offensive operations to culminate before he can

achieve his objectives or Denying the enemy his objectives while preserving combat power until

decision can be achieved through strategic operations or operational mission accomplishment.

TC 7-101, Exercise DesignElements

Disruption CSOP

Ambush, Attack by FireDelay, Disrupt, Fix


Counterattack Conduct Counter penetration / anti-landing

Support Element


X


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Area Defense Considerations

Area defense are conducted where the OPFOR must deny key areas or are overmatched. Area defense inflicts losses on the enemy, retains ground, and protects friendly forces.

(TC 7-100.2, pgs. 4-14,4-15)

Area defense may be used when: Conducting access-control operations. OPFOR has a significant RISTA and precision

standoff advantage. Conditions are suitable for canalizing the enemy into areas

where the OPFOR can destroy them.

A well conducted area can allow a significantly weaker force to defeat a stronger enemy. OPFOR typically executes counterattacks in complex terrain throughout the AOR to steadily drain the enemies combat power and resolve.


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BTG Area Defense Vignette

•Main Defense- C2, INFOWAR, SUST, key assets in CBPs integrated in urban areas w/sophisticated C3D- Mech BDET in BP- Tank CO Reserve to exploit success, aid transition to offense, if possible•Disruption Forces in Disruption Zone- IDF in PAA support Disruption Zone, leverage cultural standoff (near dam)- Obstacles, IEDs to slow or stop forces in kill zones creating a “shield of blows”- Irregular-heavy BDETs, incl. armored vehicles and heavy weapons integrated into BPs- Bridges rigged to explode if disruption fails•Disruption- OPs arrayed to ID advancing enemy- Recon elements screen, conduct Counter Reconnaissance- Air Defense ambushes positioned along AAs- INFOWAR to jam enemy comms (EW), conduct Perception Mgt- IED ambushes along all routes•Support Zones- Limited SUST possible from CBP within towns- o/o Tank RES maneuvers to counterattack

3

2

1

Purposes: • Deny access to key area and inflict casualties until

decision achieved (elsewhere) through strategic action or operational mission accomplishment

4Key: Force culmination, exploit artillery & counterattack opportunities

122

2

3

4

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N


IIAH

III

IAH

III

IIII

MAIN DEFENSE FORCE



1.Establish CBP(s) within the BZ.2.Determine key terrain in BZ.3.Develop counterrecon plan.4.Locate and predict target locations.5.Develop an integrated fires plan.6.Determine decisive points.7.Establish kill zone(s).

I I I (-) IINFOWAR

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N


IIAH

III

IAH

III

IIII


I I I (-) IINFOWAR

UNCLASSIFIED


N


IIAH

III

IAH

III

IIII

I

I I


I I I (-) IINFOWAR

II II

I (-)

UNCLASSIFIED


N


IIAH

III

IAH

III

IIII

I

I I


I I I (-) IINFOWAR

II II

II(-)

I

I

II (-)

I

I

I (-)I RES

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N


IIAH

III

IAH

III

IIII

I

I I


I I I (-) IINFOWAR

II II

II(-)

I

I

II (-)

I

I

I (-)

I

I (-)

I (-)

I RES

UNCLASSIFIED


N


IIAH

III

IAH

III

IIII

I

I I


I I I (-) IINFOWAR

II II

II(-)

I

I

II (-)

I

I

I (-)

I

I (-)

I (-)

I RES

DISR

UPTI

ON Z

ONE

BATT

LE Z

ONE

DISRUPTION ZONESUPPORT ZONE


Mission: Deny Access Action• Accomplishes the mission• How do I protect?










• 7x Guerilla SQD+ • 6x Guerilla OP

• 2x Guerilla SQD+

• 1x 60mm MTR Sect• 1x SA18 SQD

Kill

Zone

Disr

uptio

n Zo

neSu

ppor

t Zo

ne

Fire SPT Element• T: Support by Fire• P: Canalize & Restrict• Guerilla Sniper Sect

Area Defense VignetteFunctional Tactics


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Maneuver Defense Considerations A maneuver defense inflicts losses on the enemy, gains time, and protects friendly forces. Maneuver defense causes the enemy to continually lose effectiveness until they can no longer achieve their defenses. (TC 7-100.2, pgs. 4-10-11)

Maneuver defense is used when: OPFOR is not completely overmatched. Can surrender territory. Has a mobility advantage. Conditions are suitable for canalizing the enemy

into areas where the OPFOR can destroy them.

Basis of maneuver defense is to maneuver thru planned, multiple, defensive arrays. As the enemy moves forward they continue lose forces as they encounter other enemy units.


X

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N

BTG Maneuver Defense Vignette



1.Plan succession of defensive lines.2.Plan successive BPs, repositioning routes.3.Identify high-value targets and kill zones.

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N





RES

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N





CONTACT ELEMENT

SHIELDING ELEMENT

SHIELDING ELEMENT

RES

D

UNCLASSIFIED


N




CONTACT ELEMENT

SHIELDING ELEMENT

SHIELDING ELEMENT

RES

D

Key: Planned sacrifice of terrain for opportunities against key systems

1. Initial Disruption•Irregular forces in the north, supported by IDF conduct ambushes to disrupt BCT movement.

1

2. Contact Force engages•Contact Force maintains contact, withdraws to subsequent position prior to being decisively engaged

2

3. Maneuver through Defensive Array•Shielding elements cover movement of Contact element. •ID & destruction of exposed HVT (C2, Arty) is priority.

3

4. Main Defense and Reserve engagement•Prepared countermobility, defensive positions, and massed IDF halt BCT forward movement.

•Heavy Reserve maneuvers to decisively engage remaining enemy forces.

4

1

HVT

2

3

HVT

4

Starts disaggregation; portrays anticipated defense

Portion of defense force makes initial contact

Maneuver of Contact and Shielding elements

HVTs exposed

Continued HVT attack, Reserve decisively engages


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Red-Speak Blue-Speak

Mobile Defense A mobile defense is a defensive task that concentrates on the destruction or defeat of the enemy through a decisive attack by astriking force (ADRP 3-90). Mobile defenses orient on the destruction of the attacking force by permitting the enemy to advance into a position that exposes the enemy to counterattack by the striking force. Retrograde is a defensive task that involves organized movement away from the enemy (ADRP 3-90).

Maneuver DefenseInflicts losses on the enemy, gains time, and protects friendly forces. Maneuver defense causes the enemy to continually lose effectiveness until they can no longer achieve their defenses.Basis of maneuver defense is to maneuver thru planned, multiple, defensive arrays. As the enemy moves forward they continue lose forces as they encounter other enemy units. (TC 7-100.2, para. 4-64)

For Discussion

Sacrifice terrain for opportunities against key systems Minimum fix, then decisive attack

RES

HVT

Contact Element

Shielding Element

D1 2

3

7 Main Defense

4

HVT

5

6

Fixing Force

Striking Force

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Questions?

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