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Octoher 15, I97l

Ghairman ffiao ffieets H.t.m. Empertlr

llaile $elassie I

Conquering the Yellew River

lfifarm Greetings to Lao PeoPle

On Their Glorious Festival

"Renmin Ribco" editoriol

QU0TlTl0lls rnoil

GHilrnillil ilno

The just struggles of the people of aII countrios support eaeh

other,

The Chinese people will see that, once China's destiny is in

the hands of the people, China, like the sun rising in the east, willilluminate every corner of the land with a brilliant flame, swiftly

elean up the mire left by the reactionary government, heal the

wounds of war and build a new, powerful and prosperous people's

republic worthy of the name.

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Minister of the Imperial Court; and H.E. Dr. MinasseHaile, MiniSter of Foreign Affairs.

Taking part in the conversation on the Chineseside were Premier Chou En-Iai, Chi Peng-fei, WuTeh, Hsiao Ching-kuang, Fang Yi, Li Chiang, LinChia-mei, Hsu Han-ping, Chi Tsung-hua, Tang Wen-sheng, Shen Jo-yun and Lien Cheng-pao.

Also taking part in the meeting on the two sideswere:

H.E. Dr. Seyoum Haregot, Minister in the PrimbMinister's Office of Ethiopia; H.E. Lt. General AssefaDemissie, Principal A.D.C. to his Lnperial Majesty;H.E. Ato Yohannes Kidane Mariam, Minister ofState of Pen and Private Secretary to His ImperialMajesty; H.E. Blatta Admassu Retta, Minister ofState of the Imperial Palace; H.E. Dr. MakonnenKebret; Ambassador to the People's Republic ofChina; H.E. Ato Habte Selassie Tafesse, Minister ofState of Tourism; H"E. Ato Meba Selassie Alemr:,

Vice-Minister in His Majesty's Private Cabinet; Brig'

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'Chairman [llao Meets H.l.tl. Emperor Haile $elassie I

UR great leader Chairman Mao on October B metH.I.M. Haile Selassie f, Emperor of Ethiopia,

his entourage.

Chairman Mao extended a warm welcome toH.I.M. Emperor Haile Selassie I on his state visit toChina and had photographs taken with him and hisentourage. H.I.M. Emperor Haile Selassie I saidthat he was very glad to meet Chairman Mao.

Chairman Mao and H.I.M. Ernperor HaileSelassie I had a friendly conversation.

Taking part in the conversation on theEthiopian side were: H.I.H. Princess Tenagne WorqHaile Selassie; H.I.H. Plincess Sarah Gizaw; H.E. Lt.General Abbiy Abebe, Fresident of the Senate; H.E.Ras Andargachew Nlassai; His Highness Ras AsrateKassa, President of the Crown Council; H.LH. Prin-cess Ruth Desta; Her Highness Princess ZuriashWorq Gebre*-Egziabher; H.E. Commodore IskindirDesta, Deputy Commander of the Imperial Navy;H.E. Tsehafi Taer.az Tefera Worq Kidane Wold,

October 75, 7971

v

General Tafesse Lemma, Deputy Principal A.D.C. toHis Imperial Majesty; Brig. General Nega Tegagne,Assistant Chief of Staff of Operation and Training inthe Ministry of Defence; H.E. At; Nebiye LeoulKifle, Vice-Minister in His Majesty's Private Cabi-net; H.E. Ato Getachew Kebreth, Vice-Ministerand Principal Legal Advisor in the Ministry of For-eign Affairs; Dr. Obradovic Dussan, His ImperiaiMajesty's Private Physician; H.E. Ato Marcos

lndependence Doy of Loos

Greeted

Premier Chou En-lai on October 11

sr:nt a mes$age to Prince Souphanou-vong. Chairman of the Central Com-mittee of the Lao Patriotic Front,exter-rding the warmest congratula-tions on the 26th anniversarl' of theIndependence Day of Laos.

The message said: "In the past 26years. the heroic Lao people havetraversed a glorious fighting path.For the complete independence andthorough iiberation of the fath,erland,the Lao people, under the staunchleadership of the Lao Patriotic Front.have r,l.aged long valiant struggles andresisted the war of aggression launch-ed by U.S. imperialism, winningone victory after another. Particu-lai'l-v in last spring, the Lao patrioticarmed forces and people won vic-tories of gleat strategic importancein the battle of the southern ar€asof Laos. dealing heavy blorn's at the'Nixon doctrine' and the aggressivescheme of 'using Indochinese tofight Indochinese' pushed by U.S.imperialism in Laos and other partsof Indochina. The Lao people'sbriliiant victories in the war againstU.S. aggression and for nationalsalvat ion constitute an importantcontribution to the anti-imperialistrevolutionary struggle of the peopl,eso[ Indochina and the rest of theu,orld.

"Of late. U.S. imperialisrn is stillcontinuing to intensify its war. ofaggression against Laos. Whilecarrying out wanton bombing raidsagainst the liberated aleas of Laos.it has becom,e increasingly blatantin sending large numbers of reac-tionary iolces of Thailand to invadeLaos. But this cahnot' in the least

4

Agajyelew, Senator; Ato Berhane Deneke. AssistantMinister and Chief of Protocol of the Ministry ofForeign Affairs; Ato Mohammed Hamid Ibrahim,Head of the American and Asian Department of the-Ministry oi Foreign Affairs;and Ato Tedla Teshome,LAssistant Minister in the Ministry of Finance; and

Leading members of Chinese departments con-cerned Ho Ying, Yu Pei-wen, Wang Hai-jung, HanHsu and Ku Yi-chieh.

save it from its inevitable doom.We are deepl5, convinced that. underthe guidance of the militant bannerof the Summit Conference of 'theIndochinese Peoples. the peoples ofLaos, Viet Nam and Cambodia. filledwith common hatred against theenemy and fighting shoulder toshoulder. will certainly drive theU.S, aggressors out of the v,'hole ofIndochina.

"The Chinese and Lao peoples arreclose comrades-in-arms and brothers.Following their great leader Chair-man Mao's teachings. the Chinesepeople firmly support the Lao peoplein their jusi struggle against theinvasion of Laos by U.S. imperialismand its lackeys the south Vietnamesepuppets and the reactionaries ofThailand, firmly support and assistthe Lao people in carrying to theend their u,ar against U.S. aggressionand for natlonal salvation till com-plete victory."

The China-Laos Friendship Asso-ciation and the Chinese People'sAssociation for Friendship WithForeign Countri,es on October 11gave a banquet to celebrate the In-dependence Day of Laos.

Representative of the Lao Partri-otic Front Supha. Lao friendsGeneral and Madame Huon Mong-khunvilay and other Lao friends inPeking were present at the banquet.

Yeh Chien-ying. Member of thePolitical Rureau, and Vice-Chairmanof the Military Commission, of theCentral Committee of the Cor-n-munist Party of China, and otherleading members of the departmentsconcerned were present on the occa-sion.

Wang Kuo-chuan, leading memberof the Chinese. People's Association

for Friendship With Foreign Coun-tries, and General Huon Nllongkhun-viLay spoke at the banquet.

In his speech, Wang Kuo-chuanpraised the heroic Lao p'eople rvho,under the staunch leadership of theLao Patriotic Front, have con-tinuously frustrated U.S. aggressionagainst Laos and won splendid vic-tories in the war of resistanceagainst U.S. aggression and for na-tional salvation by defying sacrifices.fighting valiantly and persevering inpeople's u,ar.

He pointed out that the heloicpeople of Laos, who have a gloriou$revolutionary tradition, are indomi- ttztable. They are sure to defeat allU.S. imperialist schemes of aggr.es-sion and win complete victory intheir war of resistance against U.S.aggression and for national salva-lion.

In his speech. General Huon Mong-khunvilay denounced U.S. imperial-ism for its conspiracy since 1954 ina vain attempt to turn Laos into itsneu. colony and militar)r base. Hesaid: The people of various nation-al-ities in Laos, under the leadershipof the Lao Patriotic tr'ront headed byChairman Souphanouvong, havecarried on a heroic struggle with firrnresolve and won great, successir.,e andall-round victories of far-reachinghistoric significance. We will caryfonvald the spirit o.[ the October 12Independence Day and heighten ourvigilance and strengthen the unityof a1l the patriotic forces. We aredetermined to make all efforts todefcat U.S. imperialism and itslackeys so as to win ultimate V_victory in the war against U.S.

(Continueil on p. 18.)

Peking Ret:ieu:, No. 42

L.,'' Emperor Hoile Selossie I

L[IS Imperial Majesty Haile Selassie I, Emperor ofIl Bthiopia, and his entourage paid a state visit toChina at the invitation of the Chinese Government. Hearrived in Kwangchow on October 5 and Peking onOctober 6.

The members of His Imperial Majesty's entourageare:

H.I.H. Princess Tenagne Worq Haile Selassic; H.i.H.Princess Sarah Gizarv; H.E. Lt. General Abbiy Abebe,President of the Senate; H.E. Ras Andargachew Massai;His Highness Ras Asrate Kassa, President of the CrownCouncil; H.I.H. Princess Ruth Desta; Her Highness Prin-cess Zuriash Worq Gebre-Egziabher; H.E. CommodoreIskindir Desta, Deputy Commander of the ImperialNavy; H.E. Tsehafi Taezaz Tefera Worq Kidane Wold,Minister of the Imperial Court; H.E. Dr. Seyoum Hare-got, Minister in the Prime lVlinister's Office; H.E. Dr.Minasse Haile. Minister of Foreign Affairs; H.E. Lt:General Assefa Demissie, Principal A.D.C. to His Im-perial Majesty; H.E. Ato Yohannes Kidane Mariam,Minister of State of Pen and Private Secretary to HisImperial Majesty; H.E. Blatta Admassu Retta, Ministerof State of the Imperial Palace; H.E. Dr. MakonnenKebret, Ambassador to the People's Republic of China;and others.

Several hundred thousanC people in Peking linedthe streets to give the Emperor a rousing welcome onhis arrival in the capital. He u,as warmly weleomed atthe airport by Chou En-Iai, Premier of the State Coun-cil; Li Hsien-nien, Viee-Premier of the State Council;Yeh Chien-ying. Vice-Chairman of the Military Com-mission of the Central Committee of the CommunistParty of China: and Kuo Mo-jo, Vice-Chairman of theStanding Committee of the National People's Congress.There was a grand welcoming ceremony at the airport.

Tung Pi-n,u. Vice-Chainnan of the People's Republicof China. greeted H.LM. Empelor Haile Selassie I atthe Guest House.

Distinguished Ethiopion Guests Eiformly Welconred

Irr an editorial entitled "Warm Welcome 1o -f)rs-tingr-irshed Ethiopian Guests," Renmin Ribao said: "Tl'reEthrr:pian people have a glorious tradition of resislingaggression from abroad. Since the 16th cenlury. theyh:rve been waging unyielding struggles against foreignaggressors, More than 30 years ago, they heroicailyresisted the.aggression of the ltalian fascists and won thepraise of the Chinese people and the people of the whoie

acbber 15. 1971

\./

Visits Chino

world. After defeating the fascist aggressors, theEthiopia.n people have continued to struggle to safe-guard national independence and develop the nationaleconomy. The Ethiopian Government follows the non-aligned policy of peace and neutrality and opposes. im-perialist aggression against Asian and African

. countries,

thus making useful contributions to the proi-notion ofAfro-Asian unity against imperialism.

"A long-standing traditional friendship exists be-tween the Chinese and Ethiopian peoples. During WortdWar II, we fought shoulder to shoulder in the struggleagainst the German, Italian and Japanese fascist aggres-sors. At the Bandung Conference in 1955, ther-e werefriendly contacts between China and Ethiopia. Tradeexchanges and c'"rliural intercourse between our twocountries have been developed ever since. The friendlyvisit by Chinese Premier Chou En-lai to Ethiopia in1964 further developed the friendship between the twocountries. In Noverlber last year, the Governm'et,ts ofour t\r'o countries decided, through friendly negotiatious,to establish diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level,thus opening a new page in the hi.story of the relationsof friendship and co-operation between the trvo coun-tries. We heartily rejoice at the constant grorvth of thefriendship between the Chrnese and Ethiopian peoplesand the friendly relations between the two countries.

"Our great leader Chairman Mao points out: 'The

iust struggles of the people of all countries support eachother.'

"The Chinese and Erhropian peoples have alu'ayssympathized with and supported each other in their com-mon struggle against imperialism- The Chinese people

resolutely support the Ethiopian people and other Afri-can people in their just str"uggie against imperialism,colonialisrr and neo-col.onialism and racial discrimina-tion and for safeguarding national independence The

Ethiopian people. on their part, girze positi're support

to ihe Chirrese people's struggle. We are gra-ieful ro the

Ethiopian Governtr:ent for its jusi stand ol s''rppoi'ting

the restoration io China of all her legitimate r ights inthe United Nations and cpposing the U'S' irnperialist'

scheme to create 'tu'o Chinas."''

SPeeches ot the &onquet ,'

Tung Pi-wu, Vice-Charrman of the People's Republic

of Chrna. andChou En-lai' Premier of the State Council'gave a grand banquet on the evening of October 6 inhonour of His Imperial Majesty Harle Selassie l, Emperor

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,

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of Ethiopia, ViceChairman Tung Pi-wu and HisImperial Majesty Emperor Haile Selassie I spoke at thebanquet,

In his speech, Vice-Chairrnan Tung Pi-wu pointedout: The present state visit to China by His ImperialMajesty would certainly further promote the mutualunderstanding and the friendly relations and co-opera-tion between the two countries and would be conduciveto further development of the Afro-Asian people's causeof unity against imperialism.

He said: The present situation is excellent. Thedevelopment of the situation is increasingly favourableto the peoples of the world and unfavourable to imperi-alism. In Africa, the daily awakening people of variouscountries are continuously winning new victories in theirstruggles to oppose aggression, control, subversion andinterference by imperialism, colonialism and neo-colonialism, defend their national independence and statesovereignty, and safeguard the rights over their terri-torial rvaters and their national resources. Many in-dependent countries have smashed various forms ofsubr.,ersive activities organized by imperialism includinginvasion by mercenar5r troops; in the regions which havenot yet become independent, persistent armed strugglesfor national liberation are going on; the Afriean peoples,struggle against the system of racial discrimination andagainst a "dialogue" with South Africa is mountingdaily. The African people's cause of unity against im-perialism is developing in depth. However, imperialism,colonialism and neo-eolonialism wi}l never be reconciledto theiq defeat in Africa, and they are bound to put updeath-bed struggles. We believe that so long as theAfrican peoples strengthen their unity, support eachother and persevere in struggle, they will surely con-tinue to frustrate the various schemes and plots engi-neered by imperialism. eolonialism and neo-colonialismand march forward from victory to victory. The Chinesepeople will ah.vays stand firmly on the side of the greatAfrican people in their just struggle against imperialismand colonialism.

His Imperial Majesty Emperor Haile Selassie I saidin his speech: It has been my long-cherished desire tovisit this great land, which has given birth to man,smost enduring civilization. I am very happy that thisdesire has been fulfilled today and I am now able toexchange viervs with the dedicated leaders of the NewChina. The friendly and warm reception accorded usby the Government and people of China has deeplytouched us.

He added: China has radiated influences r.r,hichhave shaped the course of history and which havg im-mensely benefited mankind. With the establishment ofthe People's Republic the world has witnessed in Chinaa profound and far-reaching transformation which hasled to unprecedented economic and social developm,ent.

He said: Never in modern history has a nationsuccessfully made such a determined and massive effortas the New China to achieve progress for so man;r mil:

6

lions of. people within such a short span of time. . We,in Ethiopia, have been following this remarkableachievement with great interest.

On the objeetive sidq he said, there is the fact thatlr,both Ethiopia and China are, in varying degrees, devel-voping countries. There is a large measure of identityin our aspirations and expectations. There is wide scopefor co-operation in the international sphere. I believethere is a solid basis in this area on which our trpo coun-tries can work together.

China and Ethiopia, and indeed all peace-lov-ingstates. can work together in order to find solutions to themost pressing problems facing the world today, theEmperor said.

He concluded by saying: I sincerely hope that inthe days ahead China and Ethiopia will co-operate moreclosely to further the cause of p,eace and progress. Ilook forward to a fruitful discussion and exchange ofviews during my present visit. I am confident that asa result ol this visit relations between China and Ethiopiarvill be strengthened further.

Ethiopian Ambassador to China Dr. MakonnenKebret gave a grand banquet on the evening of October9 in honour of Chinese leaders on the oceasion of theEmperor's visit to China.

In his speeeh, the Emperor said: "Although I amonly mid-way in my visit, what I have been able to seeup to now and what I have been able to aceomplish inmy talks with Chairman Mao Tsetung and officials ofthe Government of the People's Republic of China havegiven me great satisfaction.

"My visit to the Great WaIl and other historical siteshas enabled me to see a few samples of your rich his-torical and cultural legacy.

"The many modern and impressive edifices andconstructions that I have the opportunity to see aretestimonies to the feats of engineering as well as thearehitectural talent of the present generation of the Chi-nese people.

"The Tsinghua University of Science and Technologyand the industrial plant, which I visited in the last fewdays, speak impr.essively of the New China - a Chinawhich has undertaken a most daring experiment in so-cial and economic construction."

"I was also very much impressed by the perform-ances of the sports groups and the Peking opera.

"I am particularly happy that my discussions withYour Exoellencies and the agreements we harre been ableto arrive at have paved the way for a much greater co-operation between our two countries.

"Since the foundation was laid tor the consolidationof Afro-Asian solidarity at the historic Bandung Con-ferencre in 1955, the governments of Afriea and Asiahave been trying to co-ordinate their policies on im-

Peki,ng Reuieto, No. 42

u/

His Imperial Majesty Emperor Haile Selassie I receives a rousing welcome from the people olPeking as he drives past Tien An Men Square in an open car with Premier Chou Dn-lai.

Y

portant international questions. I believe it is obviousthat much more could and should be done along these

q1, lines.

"The peoples of Asia and Africa have in the pastsuffered under colonialism. Today they face togetherthe challenges of development and national consolida-tion." "In this connection, China has an important roleto play to achieve these objectives. China is in a posi-tion to help the developing countries of the third worldb; sharing her experience of development. As I saidthe other day, because of the advanced stage that theChinese development has reached in the last 20 years,its experiences are immediately relevant to most ofthese countries."

In his speech, Premier Chou En-lai said: "In hisenthusiastic speech just now, His Imperial Majesty haspraised China's achievements in various fields, and thisis an encouragement to the Chinese people. Qn behalfof the Chinese Government and people, f expressheart;' thanks to His Imperial Majesty.

"In his present state visit to China, His IrnperialMajesty Emperor Haile Selassie I has brought thefriendship of the Ethiopian people to the Chinese people.Yesterday, Chairman Mao Tsetung had a cordial andfriendly meeting with His Imperial Majesty. In the lastferv 4sys, His Imperial Majesty and the other distinguish-ed guests from Ethiopia made visits in our capital and

r\ ' were accorded a warm welcom,e by our people,*,hereverthev went. This is a vivid manifestation of the soli-darity and friendship bet.lveen the Chinese and Ethiopian

Adober 15, 7971

peoples in the cornmon struggle against imperialism. HisImperial Majesty and Chinese leaders have held cordialand friendly talks on the strengthening of the friendlyrelations and ce-operation between the two countriesaDd on questions of common concern, and positive re-sults have been achieved. The present visit by His Im-perial Majesty has enhanced the mutual understandingbetween the Chinese and Ethiopian peoples and thefriendly co-operation between the two countries and hasmade new contributions to strengthening the Afro-Asianpeople's cause of unity against imperialism. I wouldIike to take this opportunity to express our respects toHis Imperial Majesty."

Economic ond Technicol Co-operotion AgreementAnd Trode Agreement Signed in Peking

An agreement on economic and technical co-opera-tion and a trade agreement between the Government ofthe People's Republic of China and the Government ofthe Empire of Ethiopia was signed in Peking on October9. His Imp,erial Majesty Emperor Haile Selassie I andPremier Chou En-lai attended the signing ceremonyiHis Exceliency Dr. Minasse Haile, Ethiopian Minister ofForeign Affairs, and. Chi Peng-fei, Cirinese Acting For-eign Minister, signed the agreements on behalt of theirrespective Governments,

*1*Before concluding their visit, the distinguished

Ethiopian guests, accompanied by Premier Chou En-Iai1visited Shanghai and Kwangchow where they receivedan enthusiastic welcome.

L

"Renmin Riboo" Editoriol:

Warmr Groetings to laa People oil V/

TIneEr Glorious Festiual

rFHE heroic Lao people today eelebrate their gloriousI festival, Lao Independence Day, amidst the songof victory in their war against U.S. aggression and fornational salvation. The Chinese people extend the warm-est congratulations and the loftiest militant salute tothe fraternal Lao people.

The Lao people proclaimed the independence oftheir country on October 12, 1945 after defeating theJapanese fascist aggressors. This was the glorious resultof their protracted struggle against imperialism and fornational liberation under the leadership of the Laopatriotic forces and opened a new chapter in thedevelopment of the history of Laos. In the 26 years

since, the Lao people have traversed a road from vic-tory to victory through hard struggle. Fighting coura-geously and tenaciously and advancing wave uponwave, they have, after driving out the French colo-nialists, resisted the U.S. aggressors - the world's mostferocious imperialists in the present era. This struggleof the Lao people has made a major contribution to theanti-U.S. imperialist struggle of the people of Indochinaand the world over. The Chinese people warmly con-gratulate the Lao people on their great victories.

Lao Independence Day this year comes at a timewhen an excellent situation prevails in Laos and Indo-china as a whole. Under the wise leadership of theLao Patriotic Front, the Lao people, on the basis ofhaving liberated two-thirds of their territory, havb wonnew major victories in their war against U.S. aggres-sion and for national salvation. In February andMarch, the Lao people, fighting in close co-ordinationand co-operation with the south Vietnamese people,wiped out b large number of U.S. aggressor troops andsouth Vietnamese puppet troops in the Highway g battleand won a magnificent victory that shook the wholeworld. Last summer, moreover, the patriotic armedforces and people of Laos triumphantly smashed the!'nibbling" attacks launched on the plain of Jars-XiengKhoang area by the U.S. aggressors together with LaoRightist troops and Thai accomplice troops. The Laoliberated zone has now been expanded further. TheBoloven Plateau which has great strategic and economicsignificance has been completely liberated. At the sametime, marked progress in economic construction andcultural and educational undertakings has beenachieved by the people in the Lao liberated zone. Allthese achievements testify to the mighty invinciblestrength of the Lao people.

8

Despite repeated dismal defeats in Laos, U-S. im-perialism has not given up its heinous designs. On thgone hand, it makes continuous wanton bombing attackson the Lao liberated zone and, on the other, has orderedLao Rightist troops and sent more Thai accomplicetroops to launeh new attacks on the patriotic armedforces and people of Laos in a vain attempt to save itselffrom defeat. U.S. imperialism's aggressive acts havemet resolute counter-attacks from the Lao patrioticarmed forces and people and are veheme4tlydenounced by the people the world over. To obtain apeaceful solution to the Lao issue, the Lao PatrioticFront put forth on June 22, 1971 a new 2-point proposalfor an immediate ceasefire throughout the territory ofLaos on the basis of the 5-point political solutionadr.anced on March 6. 19?0. The Lao Patriotic Front'sproposal e:,(presses the Lao people's sincere desire fora peaceful settlement of the Lao issue an<i is entirei;'- inaccord with the interests of the Lao people. thus rvinniregthe slrnpathy and support of public opinion in variouscor-rntries around the world. The Chinese people firmlysupport the 5-point political solution and 2-point pro-posai of the Lao Patriotic Front. The Lao problemshould be resolved by the Lao people themselveswithout foreign interference, U.S. imperialism rrrustcease its aggression against Laos, and the U.S. aggres-sors and Thai accompiice troops must rvithdraw im-mediately aird totally from Laos.

Holding high the militant banner of the SummitConfetence of the Indoehinese Peciples, the people ofLaos. Viet Nam and Ca.mbodia are now further strength-ening their unity. supporting each other and fightingshoulder to shoulder. The three Indochinese peopleshave won great victories in their war against U.S. ag-gre-ssion and for national salvation, while U.S. im-perialism and its running dogs are bogged down in in-numerable cr:ises. They can in no way escape eventualcomplete'defeat no matter what sinister ptot they resortto and how desperately they struggle. Following theteachings of their great leader Chairman Mao, theChinese people firmly support the Lao people's waragainst U.S. aggression and for national salvation andpledge themselves to be the powerful backing of theLao people. We are deeply convinced that the Lao peo-ple, closely united with the Vietnarnese and Cambodianpeople and persi.sting in protracted people's war, willcertainly be able to defeat the U.S. aggressors com-pletely and realize their national aspirations for in-dependenee and liberation.

(October 72)

Peking Reaiero, No; 42

v

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Conquering the Yellow River

f)RIGINATING in the Bayan Kara Mountains on ther-z Chinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Yellow River, China'-ssecond longest river, flows 4,845 kilometres winding itsway eastward and emptying into Pohai Bay. It goesthrough Chinghai Province, Kansu Province, the NingsiaHui Autonomous Region, the Inner Mongolian Autono-mous Region, and the provinces of Shensi, Shansi, Honanand Shantung. The Yellow River basin covers 745,000square kilometres.

The Yellow River valley \,vas the political andeconomic centre of the country and the cradle of asplendid culture for quite a long time. It is still animportant area today rvhen China is engaged in socialistrevolution and construction. There are 300 million zr,uof farmland and 110 million inhabitants in the vast val-ley region on the upper and middle reaches and in thealeas along the lower reaches of the river. The richwater resources of the Yellow River and its tributariesare valuable in the building of our socialist motherland.

However, during the long years of reactionary ruleunder the feudal dynasties and the Kuomintang theYellow River could not be harnessed and developed.Soil erosion, floods and frequent drought in the river'sbasin were unchecked. Because the river had broughtuntold suffering to the Chinese people, it rvas knownabr'oad as a harmful river. In their efforts to cover upthe brutality and impotence of the reactionary classesand to hoodwink the people, some decadent, reactionarybourgeois "specialists" prophesied that soil erosion inthe Yellow River basin was "permanent" and "couldnot be changed," and that "the north China plain wouldalso become deserts in the near future."

Led by the great leader Chairman Mao and theChinese Communist Party, the Chinese people overthrewimperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism, whichlay like three big mountains on them, and becamemasters of their country.

Chairman Mao has always shown deep concern forharnessing the river and inspected areas along it manytimes. As early as 1952 when China was rehabilitatingits national economy, Chairman Mao issued the call"Work on the Yellow'River must be done well." Thisreflected the desire of the more than 100 million peoplein the river basin, expressed the great determination ofthe Chinese people to conquer the river and marked anentirely new stage in harnessing the river.

The author, an engineer on the Yellow River WaterConservancy Committee, has taken part in the work toharness the river for more than 20 years.

October 75, 7977

hy Huang Chun

Notable achievements have been made as a resultof this call and by relying on the masses, proceedingfrom agricultural development" carrying forward therevolutionary spirit of self-reLiance and hard struggleand using materialist dialectics to understand andtransform the river.

The people have defeated floodrvaters on the lowerreaches of the river for 24 years running and reversedthe dangerous situation in preliberation days when theriver overflowed the banks two years out of three.Enormous soil conservation work was done on the upperand middle reaches where soil erosion ran wild. Sanimenhsia and four other big key rvater conservancyprojects were built on the river's main course and agroup of big, medi.um and small reservoirs were com-pleted on its tributaries. Non-existent before liberation,hydroelectric power stations are supplying electricity toindustry and agriculture. Irrigated land in the basinexceeds 44 million .ntu, 3.7 times as much as before lib-eration. Compared with 1949, grain and cotton output inthe entire valley increased 79 and 137 per cent last year.

These achievements are great victories for the Chi-nese people who have mastered Mao Tsetung Thoughtand implemented Chairman Mao's revolutionary line.The profound changes have shattered the ravings ofreactionary bourgeois "specialists" and eloquentlyshow,ed that the Chinese people are able to conquer theYellow River.

The course of harnessing and eonquering the YellowRiver was not one of plain sailing. The renegade, hiddentraitor and scab Liu Shao-chi and his gang continuouslyinterfered in the work by pushing the counter-revolu-tionary revisionist line in harnessing the river. Thefocus of the struggle between the two lines has alwaysbeen putting politics in command and relying on themasses to harness the Yellow River or putting vocationalwork in command and relying on specialists to do it.Guided by Chairman Mao's revolutionary line, themasses firmly fought Liu Shao-chi's counter-revolution-ary revisionist line and guaranteed that the work ofharnessing the Yellow River advanced along the corectroad.

Defeoting Floods

The biggest damages brought by the Yellow Riverin the past were the floods on its lower reaches. Car-rying huge amounts of silt downstream, the liver con-tinuously choked up its bed on the lower reaches andthe bed is higher than the ground. Generally this sectionis three or four metres above the ground and in certainplaces as high as ten metres. It relies entirely on the

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Dyke anil stone revetment reinforced and rebuilt on the lower reaches of the

stretches of land known as theflooded Yellow River region.

I€d by the Party and relyingon the masses, the battle .against floods on the lou,erreaches of the Yellow Riverstarted from 1946. At that timethe Chinese people had justwon their victory in the anti-Japanese war. The Kuomintangand Chiang Kai-shek supportedby U.S. imperialism launchedan all-out attaek against theliberated areas and, co-ordinat-ing with their military actioi-ts,they hurriedly worked to sealthe dyke at Huayuankou on theone hand and sabotaged workto repair the o1d dykes in theIiberated areas on the other hand

under the pretext of "diverting the Yellow River to theold ehannel." What they reaily wanted was to use waterin place of soldiers to divide and flood the Hopei-Shan-tung-Honan and Pohai Liberated Areas in the river's oldehannel and along its banks.

Responding to the Party Central Comrnittee'smilitant call "Opposing Chiang Kai-shek and harnessingthe Yellow River," heroic armJrrnen and civilians in theIiberated areas, with rifle in one hand and spade inanother, rose up to battle valiantly against the enemyand flood,waters in the revolutionary spirit of daring artto struggle and daring to win. The Yellow River dykesneeded rebuilding, so millions of people took up the job.Everybody contributed his share to solve the shortageof raw materials and the people provided 150,000 cubicmetres of stone and large numbers of bricks in a shortperiod. While organizing resistance to bombings byenemy planes and the enemy's military attacks, the

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dlykes to hold the floo{waters. Because the reactionaryruling classes in the past ignored the people's safety, thedykes were low and full of defects. Whenever iherewere fairly big floodwaters, the dykes gave way.

Aecording to statistics, there were more than 1,500dyke breaches on the lower reaches of the'Yellow Riverand 26 major changes in its course in more than 2,000years before liberation. The floods affected Tientsin inthe north and the Huai River in the south, spreadingover an area of 250,000 square kilometres. This serious-ly threatened the safety of about 100 million people inthe valleys of the Haiho River and the Huai River.Whenever the Yellow River overflowed or ehangedeourse, it caused tremendous losses in lives and property.For instance, when the river broke its dykes in 1933 itflooded an area of 12,000 square kilometres whichembraced 67 counties in the three provinces of Hopei,Shantung and Honan. The flood affected 3,640,000 peo-ple and took 18,000 lives.

The vicious reactionaries oftenused the Yellow River as an instrumentto slaughter the people and. maintaintheir reactionary rule. They de-liberately created disasters by breakingthe dykes and making the river changec.ourse. Adopting a policy of non-resistance towards the aggression ofJapanese imperialism, the Kuomintangand Chiang Kai-shek went out of theirway to break the Yellow River dyke atHuayuankou near Chengchow, HonanProvincre, in 1938 in order to cover theirflight. This made the river changedourse to the south and flooded b4,000square kilometres of land. in 44 countiesin eastern Honan, northern Anhweiand northern Kiangsu. A total of 12.5million.people were affected and 890,000of them died. In addition, it creat-ed the vast silt-covered desolate

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Peking Reuiew, No. 42

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."9

armymen and civilians raced against time to buildmattress revetments to protect the dykes. After indomi-table struggles, they tinally controlled the flsods of1947 and 1948 and won victories in battling ChiangKai-shek and the Yellow River. This was a brilliantoverture to the work sf harnesing the Yellow River.

Under the leadership of the Party, the people alongthe lower reaches of the Yellow River set out on theenormous job of repairing dykes and preventing floodsafter liberation. In more than 20 years they have repair-ed and reinforced 1,800 kilometres of dykes and changedsome 5,000 sections of mattress revetments into stoneones. Ttris involved 350 million cubic metres of earth-work and more than 9 million cubic metres of stone-work. The big dykes extending hundreds of kilometresalong the river took on a nelv look and became the re-liab1e material base for conquering Yellow River floods.

But controlling the floods depends not rnerely ondykes. It depends primarily on the wisdom and strengthof the millions of people'along the banks of the river.Big floodwaters rarely known before occurrefl onthe lower reaches of the Yellow River in 1958 and inrnost places the rrate.r leyeL exceeded the height bywhich the dykes could safely confine the waters. Thesituation was especially dangerous near Tsinan, Shan-tung Province, twhgre the floodwaters wcre only halfa rhetre below the dykes. Led by the Party, two millionarmymen and civilians rushed to the banks and heroical-ly declared: 'oAs long as we are here the dykes standfirm; the rnrater rises, so will the dykes." In one dayand night they built 600 kilometres of synall dykes onthe main dykes. They finally defeated the floodwatersand ensured the safety of the nearby areas.

Chairman Mao has taught us: "I[hat is a truebastion of iron? It is the masses, the millions upon mil-Iions of people who genuinely and sincerely supportthe revolution." The living fact of continuously harness-

()ctober L5, 7971

tt

ing the floodwaters of the Yellour Rir,rerin the past 24 years eloquently provesthis teaching to be an incontestabletruth. It also convincingly proclaimsthe bankruptcy of "relying on special-ists to harness the Yellow River," arevisionist line pushed by Liu Shao-chiand his gang.

Checking Soil Erosion

The upper and rniddle reaches of theYellow River contains the world'sIargest loess highland which covers430,000 square kilemstrss. Criss-crossedby numerous gullies, this area of rollinghills has loose soil but little vegeta-tion. After a storm, rain-water carriedaway large quantities of top soil. Atotal of 1,600 million tons of siltwas carried down from this area to

the lower reaches of the Ye11ow River each year andthe volume added up to some 1,100 million cubic metres.If this silt was built into a dyke one metre high andone metre wide, it would be long enough to circle theequator 2? times. The loss of such a huge amount ofsilt each year reduced the cultivated areas, diminishedsoil fertility, aggravated drought and lowered farmproduction in the regions along the upper and middlereaches. Mor@ver, the enorrnous quantity of siltflowing down to the lower reaches steadily raised theriver bed in this section and often caused serious floods.Therefore, checking soif erosion is not only necessaryfor transforming the poor and badrward state in theaffected areas, but the foundatisn for ha.rnessr+g theYellow River perrnanently.

Acting according to Chairr4an Mao's instruction"Attention must be paid to soil cgnsorvation," tfue

working people have since liberation criticized the ideathat "soil erosion cannot be changed" -an idea cherish-ed by the cowardly and the lazy. With the revolu-tionary heroism of "transforming China in the spiritof the Foolish Old Man who removed the mountains,"they dauntlessly marched to the desolate mountainsand gullies to transform them and this mass movementhas seen one upsur-ge after another.

Jn .the cour$e of tmnsforming nature, the massesresisted the interference of the counter-revolutiougryrevisionist line, including J'rnaterial incentives," pushedby L,iu Shao-chi and his like. Persistently relying onthe .collective economy and comb.ining the method ofbuilding engineering works with raising trees andsowing grass, they undertook concentratd, continuousa4d long'terur transformation of hilltops and gullies oueby one. A whole series of successful qxperience hasbeen created, This includes building .terraced fields opmountain slope$i damming gullies to silt up land, irn-proving soil aqd creating farrnl,and on river banks withthe aid of silt from mountain floods and planting trees

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Terraeed flelile built by a Broduction brigaile on the ulrBer reaehesof the Yellsw Biver to check soil erosion-

77

and grass on steep slopes and desolate mountains. Allthe places that adopted such measures have effectivelychecked soil erosion. They thus promoted farming andcontributed their share to harnessing the Ye11ow River.On the vast loess highland today there are manyadvanced units u'hich changed their unfavourablenatural conditions.

Shansi Province's Chuyu Brigade is an example.With the Yellorv River in front and hills behind, it hasover 400 househoLds with more than 2,000 peopl,e; itsnearly 20,000 mu of land are scattered over three ridges,12 gulJies, a strelch of river-bed and a dozcn hills.Soil erosion here was very serious. Before liberation,the brigade was hit by either flood or drought andwitness,ed natural disaster nine years out of ten. Assoon as they set up their elementary agricultural co-opsin L952, the poor and lower-middle peasants beganconcentrating on soil conservation. In the spirit of theFoolish Old lMan who removed the mountains, theyhave been digging every day for almost 20 years. Be-cause they lacked experience at first, the dams builtwere washed away by mountain floods. Refusing tobe diseouraged or retreat, they summed up their ex-perience and carried on their work. Aware that thesaplings on the hills were in.danger of withering, theycarried water from the Yellow River to water them.

After a long period of hard work, they finally trans-formed over 4,000 mu of sand-stone river-bed into fieldsgiving high stable yields. They built BT0 earth-stonedams in the 12 gullies, terraced more than 1,500mu af fields on the slopes, planted over 10,000 mu withtrees and some 2,200 rnu with grass, set up a b-

kilometre-long and 20-metre-wide shelter belt alongthe banks and built a pumping station. Norv the ChuyuBrigade is covered with abundant vegetation and hasachieved all-round development in agriculture, forestry,animal husbandry and side-occupations. Per-mu grainyield has jumped from 50 or 60 jin before liberation tosome 520 ji,n; per-mu yield of sorghum has hit 1.990

iin. Gone for ever are the days when the brigade rrassubjected to soil erosion and low yields cbused by fr'+-quent natural disasters,

Turning the Horrnful lnto the Beneficiol

Before liberation, there was a sayipg: "Benefiiingthe Hotao Plain alone, the Yellow River brings muchharm to other areas."* For thousands of years, iheYeitow River wat,ers had only bebn usecl to irrigatefarmland on the Hoiao Plain between Ningsia and theInner Mongolian Autonomous Region; it brought noth-ing but flood disasters to people living along its lowerreaches.

While rvinning victories in their struggle to controlthe flcods and improve the soil since nationwide libera-tion. the people have gone all out to divert YellowRiver rvater to irrigate farmland and develop hydro-electric po\r.er $'orks. Now more than 40 million rnuof farmland on the upper and lower reaches of theriver are irrigated by the river u'ater and electric poweris supplied to industrial and agricultural production-In order to explore ways of using water resources onthe lorver reaehes of the Yellow River, the people in1951 built the People's Victory Canal, the first big U2project to divert the water of the Yellow River to ii'ri-

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t2 PekinE Reoieu:, No' 42

.<

gate the farmland on its lowerreaches in the Hsinh'siang Regionof Honan Province. The canalruns through a plain coveringsix counties and cities on thenorthern bank of the YellowRiver. It is located at the oldYellow River course. Seriousl;rjeopardized by drought. water-logging and alkali. farming herewas verv back*,ard. In 1952u,hen this canal rvas initiallyccr-npleted and put into service,Chairman Mao rvent there onan inspection and issued im-portant instructions whichgreatly encouraged the peoplein th,e irrigated areas. Havingresisted obstruction by therevisionist line of Liu Shao-chi and company over thepast decade or so, the rvorking people, trphclding thespirit of enterprise and hard struggle, dug a 1b,000-Iii-long irrigation and drainage canal in the irrigated area,built large numbers of sluice-gates and culverts andsunk over 2,500 power-operated wells, thus basicallymeeting the demands of "ensuring irrigation in timesof drought and drainage in times of waterlogging.,,

Applying the concept of ,'everything divides intotwo" in practice, they analysed the dual character ofthe river's silt. They saw both the unfavourableaspect - too much silt would choke the canal - andthe favourable aspect - the silt could be used to im-

prove the soil. In a plannedway, they first directed theriver water into the low-lyingsandy land to let most of thesilt precipitate and then chan-nelled the water into theeanal to irrigate farmland. Inthis way, they not only reduc-ed the amount of silt biockingthe eanal but also transformedIarge tracts of baruen alkaiineland into fertile fields andturned ha.rmful silt intosomething beneficial. The irri-gated area of the People's Vic-tory Canal has now expandedfrom the originally planned400,000 mu to 600,000 mu andaverage per-n'Lu grain yield inthe rvhole irrigated areas hasshot up from 70 or 80 iinbefore liberation to over 470jin and average p,er-ntu cottonyield flom 10 or 20 jin to L05

iin.The completion of the

People's Victory Canal hasbeen a big advance in the

Siphon-tubes to ileliver Yellow River water for irrigation. This is possiblebecause the water level in this section is above the grountl on both banks.

rt'ork to divert water from the lower reaches of theYellolv River to irrigate fatmland. Now more than 40cutlverts and sluice-gates and some 100 syphon-projects,i,r,hich irrigate over 4 million mu of farmland, iravebeen built along the banks on the lower reaches. Inaddition, people have gathered new expelience in turn-ing the harmful into the beneficial by skilful use o-f

water eonservaney works.

The Huayuankou Commune on the northern out-skirts of Chengchow City in Honan Province is locat-ed in a place which had been inundated by theKuomintang reactionaries' sabotage in 1938 when theymade a breach in the big Yellow River dyke. Afterthe flood abated, the site became a sandy desert, withstretches of alkaline and swamp land and pools. Duringthe high water s'eason, the whole embankment rnzas

under water which made it difficult to combat flood.In ordinary times, the place was affected by drought,waterlogging, alkali and sandstorms and farm produc-tion was low. Thanks to the concern of the Party and

the People's Government after liberation, the poor andIower-middle peasants built waterlocks and canals andchannelled the Yellow Riverivater to irrigate farmland'Within a few years, they were using the river silt toimprove 40,000 rr.u of land. The quickly silted-up 13-

metre-deep pool behind the big dyke was turned into2,50A mu of fertile land, and greatly raised the embank-ment's flood-control ability. The commune's averageper-mu grain yield in 1970 was rrearly five times as

much as in the early days after liberation.

The success in harnessing the Yellorv Biver ol'erthe past 20 years or so is only the fir"st step in a long,lotrg march. Advancing along Chairman Mao's pi'o1e-

tarian revolutionary line, the people living in t}-re YeliowRiver valley are continuing their efforts to harness itfuriher.

* ?aken as a whole, the two plains betu'een the HolanMountains and the Yellow River in Ningsia on the upperi'ehches of the river and between the Wuchia and YellowR.ivers in Inner Mongolia are called the Hotao Plain'

October 1,5, 1977 13

$hanghai '-- Booming lrom amd $tcol Cenlre

fiNCE weak in its iron and steel industry, Shanghaiv has become a growing iron and steel centre con-dsting of large, meditrm-sized and srnall plants turni4gout a great vari,ety of products.

Shanghai's iroa and steel rvonkers have rnadeoutstanding achievernents in futrfilling the 19?1 stafeplan and carrying out the Fourth Five-Year Plan fsrdeveloping the national econorny" Steel and rolled steeloutput in the first eiglrt months of this year topped allprevious records for the sarne period, with the con-pletion of 73 per cent of its 19?1 state steel quota.Froduction of rol1ed steel was 14 per cent rnore than inthe corresponding period last year, and more kinds ofsteel and rolled steel were made.

T,wo-|ine Struggle

Shanghai began making iron and steel at the endof the 19th century. Under the reactionary rule of thefeudal Ching Dynas@ and therr of the Kuomintang, thehighest annual steel output was only a little over 6,900

tons in the rnore thaa half a century up to liberation-Only two ordinary varieties of carbon steel and some40 varieties of ordinary specifications of rolled steelwere procluced. Today, one converier shop alsne canproduce iR a year dozens of times ihe whole cityispre-liberation peak. Another shop can turn out asmuch rolled steel in a rronth as t"he rrhole city didin a year before liberatien. There are now seyeralhundred times as many varieties of steel and rolledsteel.

There has been progress as a result of the workers,cadres and technicians triumphing over interference andsabotage by the counter-revolutionary revisionist line ofthe renegade, hidden traitor and scab Liu Shao-chi.

During China's First Five-Year Plan (1953-57), tiuShao-chi and his agerrts in tlre metallurgical industryclamoured that 'iShanghails iron and steel industrycannot be developed because equipment is outdated aadresources are lacking." The iron and steel workers andcadres struggled resoi.utely against Liu Shao-ehi andcornpany. They conscientiously studied Chairman Mao'sinstructions on correctly handling relations betweencoastal and inland,industries. They saw that coastalindustry had a ver5r great potential; fully used andrationally developed, it could support inland industrymore eff,ectively and help it advance. They brokethrough the many obstacles set up by a handful ofcapitalist roaders in the Party. In the second half of1958 alone they built a number sf big sonverter work-shops and raised the eityls production capacity to a newlevel.

When China's national econorny met temporarydifficulties owing to ssrious natural disasters andsabotage by Soviet revisionism betweea lgbg and 1g61,Liu Shao-chi and c+mpany venornously condemned. the

14

:No. ? coaner*er wolihEhop ia iho Shanshei N.o, I StcBl flanl

@nverfer proc€es in making steefl- Tbey talked s*ch \a-'nonsen$e as 'n{ine quali}y sieel earrnot be aade in eon-vetterd' a-tl.d. "lgsses are more than gaias in the con-verter process of steel making," orderiag the @nvertersdisrnantled and production stopped. After repeatedexperirnents, Shanghai steel workers used converters toproduce excellent new steel varieties, including fine-quality deep-drawing enamel sheet steel, low alloysteel and silicon stcel. This shattered the nonsense ofLiu Shao-chi and company and gave the Shanghai ironand oteel la.dustry a new yiew of things. Now anordinary converter workshop cao turn out dozens ofvarietiqs, including welding rod steel and farm i.rnple-ment steel,

lncreosing Vqrieties of Our Orun

?he workers and technicians have stat'ted massactivities for technical innovations to tap productionptential and speed up development of the city's ir:onand steel industry.

An electric futrrace workshop ia the Shanghai No. 5

Steel Plant has had one success after another by increas-ing the production capacity of its equipment. Display-iug the revolutionary spirit of daring to think and act,the workers experirnented in 1970 on charging more

Peking RetsLew, N.o.42

ftrw rnaterials and more th*ndoubled the designed capacity perheat. After summing up theirexperience, they recently raisedoutput per heat another 40 pereent. They have also worked outmany new technological processes,reducing electricity consumptionper ton of steel by 13 per centwhile greatly shortening the smelt-ing time.

fhis fairly modern plant wasbuilt in 1958. Steel and rolledsteel produeti.on has kept going upin the Great Proletarian CulturalRevolution without much metal-lurgical and rolling equipmentbeing added. The increase has beenmainly made by improving techno-logical processes and equipment. Compared with 1965,

the output of steel in 1970 rose 45.9 per cent and rolledsteel 21.2 per cent. In the first eight months of thisyear, both showed fairly big increases over the same1970 period.

Some steel making and rolling equipment used inthe Shanghai plants dates back to the 30s. Thervorkers have continualiy renovated such equipment so

that better use can be made of it.

, ^

The Shanghai No. 2 Steel Plant has a rolling mill\\l made in the 30s which used to be operated manual-

ly. Efficiency was poor. Determined to turn out morerolled steel for revolution, the rvorkers made some 100technical improvements on it and its auxiliary equip-ment. They turned the original single groove into amulti-groove unit and automated the whole steelrolling process. Output is 100 times higher than in pre-triberation days.

While tapping production potential, the plants haveaXso added rnuch new steel making and rolling equip-ment. Blast furnaces, pure oxygen top-blown conver-ters, electric slag furnaees, plate, sheet and seamlesstube workshops and ferro-alloy and silicon steel sheetpJants, which were non-existent in the city, have beenset up. Production capacit5r of the industry and varie-ties have both greatly increased.

Chairrnan Mao has taught us: "TYe cannot just takethe beaten track traversed by other countries in thedevelopment of technology and trail behind them at asnail's pace." The Shanghai iron and steel workers andtechnicians have realized through their own experiencethat China's iron and steel industry can be expandedwith greater, faster, better and more economieal resultsonly if they made bold innovations and follow China'sown road in increasing varieties.

L In producing ordinary low a[oy steel in the past,r Shanghai factories mechanically copied from foreigndata. Up to 1965, there were only {ive varieties. Duringthe Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution the workers

Workshop in the Shanghai lrregular-Shaped Steel Tubing Plant

roundly criticized Liu Shao-chi's slavish compradorphilosophy and the doctrine of trailing behind at asnail's pace. Making better use of China's alloy resources,they produced new steel varieties and there are nowover 80, some of them up to advanced standards. Thehigh-grade alloy steel containing no chromium,trial-produced by Shanghai workers, is used for makingdrilling bits which raise efficiency fivefold in cuttingstainless steel.

Moss Co-ordinotionIn developing the iron and steel industry, Shanghai

persisted in taking the road of starting with indigenousmethods and combining indigenous methods rvithmodern ones. Well-known in China, the Shanghai Ir-regular-Shaped Steel Tubing Plant is an example of howa small mill makes important products.

The workers in this one-time small factory in a lanewith simple buildings and outdated equipment did awaywith fetishes and superstitions and made equipmenttlemselves by indigenous methods. They turned outChina's first small diameter seamless steel tube in 1958

with the equipment and trial-produced China's fiistshapecl steel tube in 1962, using old machines made inthe 30s. To meet the needs of the state, the mill over thepast decade or so has produced more than 2,200 varie-ties, including seamless steel tubes, alloy shaped tubesand shaped tubes of rare metals. Seventy per eent of theplant's equipment has been designed and manufacturedby the workers thernselves. Since the start of the GreatProletarian Cultural Revolution, they have made a1,500-ton extrusion press, corrugated tube formingmachines, a three-high cold rolling mill and other newequipment in its entirety. All these created favourableconditions for further developing new products.

In the past few years, the Shanghai iron and steel

industrial departments, under the unified leadership ofthe Party, have organized mass socialist co-ordinationamong the cii]"s various trades, iron and steel plants,produetion units; scientific research institutes and those

Octob* 15, 1977 15

who use them. This effectively tadped the potential inmanpower, technique, equipment and materials andspeeded up production in the industry. For example,the ordinary low alloy silicon steel needed by a bicyclefactory was produced through the concerted efforts ofthe co*ordination group formed by the Shanghai No. 1

and No. 10 Steel Plants and the bicycle factory. Accord-ing to the old rule of specialization and division oflabour, it required at least one or t-wo years from design-ing a particular kind of steel, producing rolied steel toturning out a sample product. By co-ordinating thethree plants, it took only two months to trial-producethe item.

While organizing socialist co-ordination in devel-oping metallurgical products, the city also paid attentionto bringing into play the medium-sized and sma1l plantswhile taking the big plants as the backbone. There was

only one big plant produeing high-grade cold-roiledsilicon strip steel in Shanghai prior to the Great Prole-tarian Cultural Revolution. Peak annual output wasonly dozens of tons and that was of uncertain quality. .Five small cold rolled strip steel plants in 19?0 collab- Vorated in solving the key technical problems and turnedout the silicon strip steel. Their combined productioncapacity tripled that of the big plant which was builteight years ago. Quality is fairly stable. Since then thebig plant has increased output and improved quality.

In addition to producing a large amount of ordinaryand low a1loy steel, Shanghai is also turning out high-temperature alloys, precision alloys and other high-grade steel, and rolling various specifications of plates.

wires, tubes and shapes to support industrial and agri-cultural production and national defence.

of the Jo po neseEvidenceNew Criminol

Koreon Peoplet/

Japanese reactionarg authorities are estimated, toharse committeil since the beginning of this Uear n"Lore

than 700 atrocities in persecuting organizations underthe General Association of Korean Resiil.ents in Japanand the Korean citizens there. In June, tuso Koreanresidents were murdered in cold blood bg Japanesehooligans. ln earlg September, th.e factorg, offi,ce andresidence of Li. Jae Dong, Vice-Chairmun o! the Federa-tion oJ Korean Traders and lnilustrialists i,n Japan, wereattacked, a,s u)ere other Korean businessmen in Japan,These hatse been ilenounced, bE a D.P.R.K. ForeignMinistrg spokesman. Follouing is "Renmin Ri,bao"Cornmentator's article on October 7.-"Peking Re-oiew" Ed.

A SPOKESMAN o{ the Foreign Ministry of the/ r Democratic People's Republic of Korea issued a

statement reeently o]1 the persecution of Koreanresidents in Japan by Japanese militarists and warnedthe Japanese Government that if it continues to in-fringe on the rights of Korean residents there, it willbe held fully responsible lor all the consequencesarising therefrom. The Chinese people firmiy support

16

Reoctiono ries' Hostility TowordsThe

by "Renmin Riboo" Commentotor

the just stand of the D.P.R.K. Government and stronglycondemn the Japanese reactionaries for their vile crimesof persecuting Korean residents.

The Japanese reactionaries have all along pursued

a criminal hostile policy towards the Korean people.

Regarding the Korean residents in Japan who ardentlylove their socialist fatherland as a thorn in their side,

they have repeatedly created pretexts to trample on

their democratic and national rights, hamper theirproper activities and even try to wreck their lawfulorganization - the General Association of KoreanResidents in Japan. The recent raids on organizationsunder the General Association of Korean Residents andmurders of Korean residents in Japan by the Japanesemilitarists are new criminal evidence of the Japanesereactionaries' hostility to the D.P.R.K.

The atrocities of the Japanese militarists in per-secuting Korean residents are by no means isolatedincid-ents. After signing the notorious "Japan-ROKtreaty" with the Pak'Jung Hi puppet clique with thebacking of U,S. imperialism, the Sato government has

stepped up its infiltration into south Korea. After

Peking Reuieus, No. 42

\4

Nixon had come up with his "new Asia policy," theJapanese r€actionaries further expanded thdir influencein south Korea and openly clamoured for a "pre-

U :-Y,r"e" war.against the D'P.R,K. It was against this

background that numerous cases of persecution ofKorean residents in Japan took place in recent years.

Our great leader Chairman Mao has pointed out,"'Lifting a rock only to drop it on one's own feet' is a

Chinese folk saying to descfibe the behaviour of certainfools. The reactionaries in all countrres are fools ofthis kind."

" Korea today is no longer the Korea that was tram-pled upon in the past. The D.P.R.K. is a socialist statewhich grows stronger daily. The Japanese reactionaries'criminal acts in encroaching upon the deirrocratic andnational rights of Korean residents in Japan and theirhostility to the Korean people will certainly alotisestrong condemnation from the Korean people ancl thepeople the worid over, including the Japanese people. Indoing so, the Japanese reactionai'ies are lifting a rockonly to drop it on their own feet and will certainiy come

to no good end.

\'

tor Thieu, long spurned by the south Vietnamese peopie,

as the pillar for implementing its "Vietnamization plan."This plot of U.S. imperialism can never succeed. The VietNam question can only be solved in accordance with theq,ill and interests of the Vietnamese people as embodied

in the ?-point peace proposal of the Provisional Rerro-

lutionary Government of the Republic of South VietNam. U.S. imperialism must put an end to its aggres-

sion in Viet Nam, rvithdrarv its aggressor troops and allits satellites' troops promptly, completely and uncondi-tionally within a definite time limit, stop supporting the

Thieu puppet clique and let the south Vietnamese peo-

pie setl.le their own affairs themselves u,ithout foleignintelference

The gigantic revolutionary struggle by the south

Vietnamese p,eople before and after the bogus elcclion

il a powerful reply to U.S. imperialism zrnd

its lackey, the Tl-iieu clique. In Saigon, Da Nang and

many other places, the people held meetings and dern-

onsirations against Thieu's traitorous dictatorial rurle

and U.S. imSierialist war of aggression. They resoh-rtely

demanded that Thieu step down at once and the U.S.

aggressor troops pul1 oui of sr;uth Viet Nam immediate-

ly, totally and unconditionally. The raging flames of

the struggle of the south Vietnamese people are u11cluei1-

chable. The intrigues of U.S. imperialism and its

Iackeys will only serve as oil on the flames" rrraking

them burn more and more fiercely. The staging of the

Saigon puppet election farce shows that the Thieu

clique's and its U.S. n-raster's days in south Viet Nam

are numbered.

(October 9)

17

U

Soigon's One-Mon Show

by "Renmin -Riboo" Commentotor

,-I-!HE so-called "presidential election'l farce acted outI on October 3 Liy Nguyen.Van Thieu, a faithful lackey

of U.S. imperiaiism in south Viet Nam, fully re'realedthat U.S. imperialism and the Thieu clique are extreme-ly reactionary and isolated and that their fascist rule insouth Viet Nam is making its last gasp and bogged dorvn

in an insurmountable serious crisis.

To step up its "Vietnamization plan" and steady

the Thieu elique's puppet rule, U.S. imperialism has

tried its utmost to put a "democratic" and "legal" cloak

on Thieu by this so-€alled "election." The U.S. "ambas-sador" in Saigon n'ranipulated and intervened directly,backing him on the one hand and getting irthers to"compete" with him on the other. so as to make it lookIike an "election." But because of the south Viet-namese people's strong opposition and the contradictionsand strifes among di{ferent factions in the puppet cliqr-te,

Thieu finally had to put on the one:man shorv of Thieu

'.'competing with" Thieu, closely guarded by the military4nd police. No matter how shamelessly Thieu has

worked to create public opinion and how U.S. imperialismhas extolled and applauded him, the Vietnames'e people

and public opinion in ev-ery country in the world haveseen very clearly Urat his votes really came from lrisbayonets and truncheons and his only "e1ector" was hisAmerican master. Without the stipport of U.S. imperi-alism, his traitorous and reactionary rule could not lasta day.

The sham "election" in soutli Viet Nam shows thatU.S. imperialism has not given up its ambitions to com-mit aggression in Viet Nam and occupy south Viet Namby force. It vainly attempts to use the \rietnamese trai-

Actober 75, 7977

How the "One-Man Election" ls Run

TGNORING the strong opposition of the masses ofJ- the people in south Viet Nam, Saigon puppet

chieftain Nguyen Van Thieu presented a "mon-ologue election'2 farce on October 3 with the sup-port of his U.S. utaster and was re-elected puppetpresident.

The "election" lvas held in an atmosphere of

terror caused by the U.S.-puppet clique's suppres-

sion of the people. The authorities of the U.S' ag-

gressor troops in Viet Nam imposed a 12-day "greyalert" b,eginiring Septembet 24, forbidding U'S.

military personnel to leave their barracks untilafter the puppet election so they could be cailed

in at any time to put dor,vn the south Vietnamesepeople's resistance to the puppet eleciion. OnSeptember 29, Thieu ordered puppet troops andpolice to shoot demonstrators opposing the puppetelection, on the trumped-up charge of "disruptingpublic order." On the day the puppet electiontook place, south Vietnamese puppet troops andpolice were fully mobilized to get 'oelection resultJrwith their bayonets. Despite all this, demonstra-tions against the ludicrous election were held fora few days in Saigon, Da Nang and other citiesof south Viet Nam. In their October 3 demonstra-tions, the people in enemy-oicupied areas destroyed

polling boxes and distributed leaflets, rejectingThieu's fixed !'eLection results.?t

To deceive public opinion; the U.S.-puppetclique eooked up the election results, alleging thatThieu was re-elected president by receiving "94.3per cent of the vote." Thieu boasted unblushinglyof his "victory'r in the puppet election he himselfhad manipulated and thanked the puppet armedforces for "providing effective security'r durirrg it.

The phoney "final returns'r releas,ed by theSaigon puppet clique gave rise to suspicion andmockery from the Western press, DPA correspon-dent Hans Joachim Bargrnann in a dispatch fromSaigon on October 4 said that the "overwh,elmingvote" for Thieu "has surprised even political ob-servers here rvho felt they were familiar with thepolitical realities of south Viet Nam."

In its October 5 editorial, the British paperThe Guurdia.n pointed out: 'oThe electiotl ; . isone more act ia an embarrassing farce.'2 "The ex-tent of demonstrations," it added, has shown theoutcome "to be untrue."

The Nelrl Yorlc Times said on the same daythat "far too many American lives have been lostalready in a mistaken cause that has been furtherdemeaned by Sunday's electoral farce."

U

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(Continued from p. 4.)

aggression and for national salvation,he declared.

President Anwsr SodatCongrotuloted

Prenrier Chou En-lai sent a mes-sage on October 9 to Anwar Sadat,warmly congratulating him on hisbeing elected President of the Pre-sidency CounciL of the Confederationof Arab Republics.

The message said: The ChineseGovernment and people always firm-ly support the Arab pecples in theirstruggle against U.S.-Israeli aggres-sion and support their desire toachieve unity and solidarity in themanner of their own choice. We be-lieve that so long as the Arab peopleuphold unity and persevere in strug-gle, they will certainly overcome thedifficuities on their road of advance

I8

and push forrvard their cause of umffagainst imperialism.

Premier Chou Meets ZumbionAmbossodor to Chino

Premier Chou En-lai on October 9met and had a cordial and friendlytalk with J.K. Chivunga, Ambassadorof the Republic of Zambia to China.

At the meeting Premier Chou ex-pressed the indignation of the Chi-nese Government and people at theintrusion into and threat to the Re-public of Zambia by the SouthAfrican white racist regime. He de-clared firm support and solidaritywith the Zarrlbiala Government andpeople in their just struggle againstthe South African white racists' en-croachment on Zambia's terri.tory andsovereignty and military threat toZambia.

Premier Chou Meets AmericonFriends

Premier Chou En-lai, Kuo Morjo,Vice-Chairman of the Standing Com-mittee of the National People'sCongress, Keng Piao, Head of the In-ternational Liaison Department ofthe Central Committee of the Com-munist Party of China, and Ting Hsi-lin, Vice-President of the Chin,ese

People's Association for FriendshipWith Foreign Countries, on October 5

met and had a cordial, friendly con-versation with more than ?0 Americanfriends visiting or working in Peking.

Among the American friends atthe iaeeting were: A1I members ofthe Delegation of the RevolutionaryUnion of the United States; Pablo Y.Guzman, leader of the Young LordsParty of th,e United States and PuertoRico; leaders of the Black PantherParty of the United States Huey

Peking Reoiew, Ns. 42

v

(5

Niwton, 8laine Ero'ryn and RobertBay; the 16 American young peopleled by Mrs. Carmelita Hinton; andMr. and Mrs. Max Granich, Bill Ep-ton, Jack Beldea, Mrs. Susan Warren,Dick Frank, Mr. and Mrs. Hosea L.Williams, Mr. and Mrs. John S.Servieg William H. Hinton, JoanneHinton, Mr. and Mrs. Jack Shuiman,Mr. and Mrs. Henry Willcox, Mr. andMrs. Samuel Rosen, Mr. and Mrs.Victor W. Sidel, and Geoffrey Coliins.

Present were also American friendsand friends from other countries inPeking Frank Coe, Ruth Coe, SolAdler, Pat Adler, Erwin Engst, JoanHinton, Bertha Sneck, Eleanor Chai-din, Julian Schuman, Norman Shul-man, Sidney Shapiro, fone Kramer,Betty Chandler, Alice E. Cheng, Luc-ille Steq,art, Carmelita Hinton, FredEngst, Mr. and Mr.s. George Hatem,Rewi Alley and Hans M,ller.

Leading members of Chinese or-ganizations concerned were also atthe meeting.

Albsnisn Gymnostic TeomWelcomedThe Chinese Physical Culture and

Sports Commission held a grandceremony on September 29 to wel-come the Albanian G;rmnastic Team,sfriendship visit. At the end of theceremony, Chinese and Albaniangymnasts gave a friendly exhibition.

Attending the proceedings andwatching the exhibition were Com-rades Chou En-lai, Yao Wen-yuan, LiHsien-nien and Yeh Chien-ying. Be-fore the ceremony, leading Chinesecomrades met and had a cordial andfriendly talk with Saim Bejta, leader,and Anastas Bojaxhiu, deputy leader.of the Albanian Gymnastic Team;Rahman Hanku, Albanian Vice-Minister of Construction, and JaniMiho, Vice-President of the StatePlanning Commission of Albania,who are visiting China. AlbanianAmbassador to China Xhorxhi Roboand his wif'e v,ere also present.

Chinese ond Koresn OperoTroupes Exchonge Visits

Pyongyang National Opera Troupe inPeking. On the eve of the 22nd an-niversary of the founding of the

October 15, L971

People's Bepublie of China, , thelyongyang National Opera Troupe ofKorea headed by Sin In Ha, Vice-Chairman of the Committee forForeign Cultural Relations of theDemocratic People's Republic ofKorea, came to China on a visit offriendship and to present the operaA Sea of B"tood.

The revolutionary opera A Sea oJBlood, is an outstanding s'ork byKorean literary and art rvot'kersguided by their great leader Com-rade Kim Il Sung's idea on literatureand art. It deeply reflects the Koreanpeople's great revolutionary feats intheir armed struggle against Japaneseaggression, and sings the praises ofthe fearless heroism and unswervingfighting morale of the Korean peoplein resisting aggression and fightingfor national independence andliberation.

A grand opening ceremony, attend-ed by Vice-Premier Li Hsien-nien,N.P.C. Standing Committee Vice-Chairman Kuo Mo-jo and Ambassa-dor of the Democratic People,s Re-public of Korea to China H5run JunKeul< and his wife. rras held onOctober 2 for the troupe's tour inChiTa. It was follorved by a per-formance of A Sea of Blooil, whichgot a rvvarm response from theaudience.

Peking Opera Troupe of peking inKorea. The Peking Opera Troupeof Peking with Tien Kuang-wen as leader and Tan Yuan-shou asdeputy lea.der was on tour in Koreafrorn September 3 to 29. The troupepresented the Chinese modern rev-olutionary Peking operas Shachia-pang and Taking Tiger Mountain bgStrategA in Pyongyang and Wonsan.They rvere most warmly welcomedand hospitably received by the Koreancomrades.

On Septeml:er 27, while the troupewas performing in $rongyang, Com-rade Kim Il Sung, the great leader ofthe Korean people, received thetroupe's leader and deputy leaderand watched the performance.

This exchange of performances byopera troupes of China and Koreawill further contr.ibute to strength-ening the unbreakable militant

,friendship sealed. iq.,,Hood betweenthe literary and art workers ofChina and Korea, and promote cul-tural exchanges.

Chinese Embossy in TunisTo Resume Work

Through friendly consultations be,tween the Governments of the Peo.ple's Republic of China and the Re-public of Tunisia and on the basis ofthe common desire of the two sidesto develop friendiy relations, iheChinese Governnrent has decided thatthe Chinese Embass.1,- in Tunis willresume its work aird an ambassadorwill be sent there.

Chin Min-sheng, Charge d'Affairesad interim of the Chinese Embassyin Tttnis, left Peking for his post byair on October 5.

NEWS ERIEFS

A Premier Chou En-Iai and WangKuo-chuan, leading member of theChinese People's Association forFriendship With Foreign Countlies,met woman writer Han SuSrin onOctober 6.

A Vice-Prenrier Li Hsien-nien onOctober 5 met and had a very friend-Iy and cordial conversation with allthe members of the Albanian FeerzeHydro-Electric Power Station WorkTeam with Rahman Hanku, AlbanianVice-Minister of Construction, as itsleader and Chief Designing EngineerProfessor Petrit Radovicka as itsdeputy leader.

A Premier Chou En-lai on October9 met and had a friendly talk withthe Turkish Delegation led by CihatBaban. The delegation was the firstsent by the Turkish Government toChina since the establishment of dip-lomatic relaiions betrveen the twocountries. A banquet weicoming thedelegation was given by the ChineseVice-Minister of F oreign Trade.

A The Government of the Peo-ple's Republic of China and the Gov-ernment of Ceylon signed in Colomboon October 8 an agreement on Pro-viding an interest-free loan from theChinese Government in the forrn ofsupplies of 100,000 metric tons of riceto the Ceylonese Government.

U

79

,n

ROUND THE \MORLD

CHILE

"Cornpensction" to U.S.Componies Reduced

A decree signed by Chilean Presi-dent Salvador Allende on September28 stipulates that excess profits of774 million U.S. dollars will be de-ducted from "compensation" to bepaid to two U.S. companies for theirthree copper mines in Chile whichhave been nati.onalized.

Formerly o,*-ned by thc U.S. Ana-conda and Kennecott Companies, themines, 51 per cent of whose shareshad been bought by Chile over dif-ferent periods. rvere nationalized bythe Chilean Government in July.

After the decree was issued, U.S.White House spokesmair RonaldZiegler and state department spokes-man Charles Bray made a big fuss intheir statements that the deductionwas too big. Bray even threatenedthat the Chilean measure could affectU.S. aid and relations between theUnited States and the Government inSantiago.

The U.S. threat, however, has beenstrongiy rebuffed by the ChileanGovernment. Minister of the InteriorJose Toha made it clear on Septem-ber 30 that "we neither seek norwant an unnecessary conflict, butnobody can dissuade us from fulfil-ling our duty to defend the dignityof Chile."

The decree has rvon enthusiasticpublic support in Chile. The paperLo, Nacion pointed out in an editorialthat it "is another step forward alongthe road to Chile's economic inde-pendence." It declared emphatically,"we continue down the path to na-tional dignity." The daily EL Clarinsaid that the decree refleets thedetermination of the Chilean Gov-ernment to achieve a secondindependence, that is. economicindependence.

Meanwhile, hundreds of tradeunion organizations all over Chilehave also expressed support for thegovernment's mea$ure against theU,S. copper companies that haveplundered Chilean wealth.

20

The Political Commission of theChilean Socialist Party said in a state-rnent on October 3 that the decree"represents a sovereign act which ex-presses to the world the paLriotic andunshakabie determination of theChilean people and their Governmentto march firmly along thc road tocomplete liberation.'r

ZAMBIA

R,eody to Repulse Enernylntrusion

Speaking at the parade of theFirst Home Guards at Lusaka,sArakan barracks on October 8, Zam-bian President Kaunda denouncedthe South African racist regime,sarmed incursion irrto Zambia. Hecalled on the Zambian peopie to or-ganize themselves in readiness to re-pulse the intruding enemy.

The President pointed out thatsince 1964 Zambia had continuallybeen threatened by the hostile re-gimes of South Africa and Rhodesiaand subjected to their unprovokedaggression. South African and Rho-desian forces have time and iigainbombed Zambian villages, kiliedZambian people, destroyed theirproperty and kidnapped innocentcivilians.

He said that Vorster's policy wasaimed at enforcing economic andpolitical imperialism in the whole ofsouthern Africa, thus constituting athreat to peace in the area, "In fact,Zambia has been held to ransom byvicious economic and political black-mail," he added.

President Kaunda announced thatthe National Service and HomeGuards are to be set up on a nation-wide scale to reinforce the regulararmy. "We will defend our cor-rntryto the last man," he stressed.

In a letter to the U.N. Security system and at that time the UnitedCouncil, Zambian Ambassador to the States anncunced the conver:tibilityUnited Nations Vernon Johnson of the dollar into gold. Since then,Mwaanga condemned the South Afri.- the dollar had attained a special posi-can forces for invading Zambian ter- tion as a reserve currency. He wentritory on October 5 from the Caprivi on to say: "Little by little, the Unit- \yStrip in Namibia (South West Afri- ed States let itself glide down the

ca) which is illegal1y occupied by slope of inflation with utter indiffer-

South Africa. He demanded that theU.N. Seeurity Couneil put an imme-diate end to. continuous violation ofZambian territory by South Africa.

On October 8, representatives toVthe United Nations of Somalia, SierraLeone, Burundi and Syria put fortvarda joint draft resolution to the Se-curity Council denouncing SouthAfrica for violating the sovereignty,air spaee and territory ol Zambia,and demanding an immediate end tosuch violation by South Africa.

Hearing the news of South Africa'sincursion into Zambia, MauritanianPresident Moktar Ould Daddah,Chairman of the Organization ofAfrican Unity (OAU), who was visit-ing Finland at the time as head ofthe OAU Mission, sent a inessagefrom Helsinki on October B, express-ing "unreserved support and totalsolidarity" regarding Zambia. Presi-dent Daddah emphasized that an at-tack on any OAU member was anattack on alI free Africa.

FRANCE

U.S. "New Economic Policy"Denounced \,

French President Georges Pompi:dou at a press conference on Sep-tember 23 severely denounced the"new economic policy" of the UnitedStates which is meant to shift theburden of its financial and economiccrisis on to others. He reaffirmed theFrench proposition for reforming thecapitalist world monetary systemwhich has the dollar as its pillar andappealed to other West. Europeancountries to take a common positionin the current monetary crisis.

Speaking of the emergence oI themonetary . crisis in the capitalistworld, Pompidou stressed that it isthe result of the dollar crisis andU.S. exporting of inflation. He point-ed out that the 1944 Bretton WoodsAgreement had been the base of theWestern international monetary

Peking Reuieu, No. 42

u

ence..,. However, everything hasan end. Then came the moment whenprices began to rise in the UnitedStates in such proportions as to makethe dollar lose its real value. Thencame the uroment when the balanceof payments registered excessivedeficits. Then came the momentwhen a certain distrust began to gripat least the specialists and rvhen thecenttal banks tried to change theirdoilars into gold. . . . And from thatmoment onu'ard, the dollar was nolonger realll' convertible."

The French President strongly de-nounced the U.S. "new economicpolicy" trotted out on August 15,which suspends the convertibility ofdollar holdings into gold and imposesa 10 per cent surcharge on imports.He said: "These decisions evidentlyrun counter to the rules of the Inter-national illonetary Fund, those of theGeneral Agreement on Tariffs andTrade and to the commitments con-cerning the special drarving rights."

He complained that these measuresby U.S. President Nixon are not onlymeant to shift trouble on to othersbut also to use this opportuirity toengage in blackmail. He said: "Fromthe weakening position of the dollar,he [Nixon] has taken a position ofstrength." "The notorious 10 per centimport . surcharge," he added, "is abig stick, but it cpuld eventually be-come a carrot if . only somebody isrvilling to play the role of an ass."He wamed the United States that"this is not our intention."

He continued: "The internationalmonetary system is in ruins and it isquite necessary. to reconstruct it,"He expressed the French stand thatfixed parities between the currenciesof various countries must be restored.

The French President urged'theWest European countries, the Com-mon Market nations in particular, to"organize a common defence" againstthe mass of U.S. floating dollars.

CUBA

Committee in Defence ofRevolution Develops in

Anti-U.S. StrugglesHundreds of thousands of people irr

Cuba's capital, Havaha, held a

October 15, L971

grand rally on the evening ofSeptember 28 to mark tlre 1lthanniversary of the founding of theNational Committee in Defence ofthe Revolution of Cuba (C.D.R.).

Prim,e Minister Fidel Castro, Pres-ident Osvaldo Dorticos and otherCuban Ieaders attended the raliy.Addressing the rally, Prime MinisterCastro praised the achievementsscored by the C.D.B. since itsfounding.

Formed on September 28, 1960, theC.D.R., set up by the Cuban people inthe course of their struggle to opposeU.S. imperialist aggression, sabotage,subversion and blockade and tosafeguard na-tional independence andstate sovereignty, has grown steadilyinto a 'powerful mass organizationrvith a more than three millionmembership.

When U.S.-hired mercenarieslanded at Giron Beach in April 1g61,vast numbers of C.D.R. members im-mediately rose and took vigorousaction. They patrolled and stoodguard to forestall counter-revolution-ary sabotage and, in co-ordinationu,ith the Goverument, unearthedU.S. secret agents in inland Cuba toensure security in the rear. Theyalso lent a hand in the battle at thefront which was erotvned with amagnificent victory, the wiping outsf the mercenaries u'ho had landed.Three small invading groups ofmercenaries organized by U.S. im-perialism have been wiped out com-pletel;,- and swiftly since May 1969 byCuban armymen and people.

Over the past year'. together withother mass organizations, the C.D.R.has organized large-scale movementsto oppose U.S. imperialist extensionof the rvar of aggression in Indochinaand support the Indochinese people'sstruggle against U.S. aggression andfor national salvation as well as toprotest against the flagrant U.S. im-perialisb abduction of eight C'.rbanfishermen on the high seas.

At present, the C.D.R. grass-rootsorganizations all over the country, inclose co-ordination rvith the armedforces and government organs con-cerned, have reinforced their col-lective guard system to strengthennational security'and be ready at all

times to smash any new provocationor sabotage by U.S. imperialism andits running dogs.

BRITAIN

Joblessness Highest in3l Yeors

Unemployment in September pass-ed the 929.000 mark, the highestsince 1940.

With industrial pr.oduction stag-nating and declining as well as acancerous inflation, Britain's fi-nancial and economic difficultieshave been deepening since the begin-ning of this year. To shift the burdenof its economic crisis on to theworking people, the British monopoly capitalist class has rapidly ex-panded the ranks of the unemployedby rrass disrrrissals of workers.According to figures released byBritish official circles, the total num-ber of unemployed rose from over731,000 to 904,000 from January toAugust, rvhile in Septe.rnber it rn asover 25,000 above that of August. Itis rvorth noting that unemploymentnot only has continued to increase inNorthern Ireland and other placeswhere the rate has always beenhigher, but it has also shot up in theMidlands and Scotland, where in-dustry is highly concentrated. as aresult of plants and enterprises clos-ing down and a fall in production.The average rate of unemploy-ment in September in England,Scotland and Wales was 3.9 percent, as against 2.7 per cent in thecorresponding period last year. Therate in Northern Ireland was as highas 8.8 per cent. Not only have agreat many factories dismissedworkers but they harre also reducedtheir operating hours, thereby forcingmore and more workers into a stateof semi-unemployment.

The coun^try's ruling class is jitteryover the rapid rise in unemployment.The alarmed British Secretary ofState for Employment and Produc-tivity Robert Carr said: "The over-all position is disaPPointing andvery serious." The Tdrozes said in aneditoriai that the pi:'esent unernploy-ment reached a "crisis Point."

\L,

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21

SOCIALIST CHINA IN PROGRESS

An lndustrial Base's ScientificAnd Technical Work

,TIHERE has been a new rise in theI scientific and technical level of

China's Liaoning Province, where theindustrial base has been fairly good,

since the start of the Great Proleta-rian Cultural Revolution. Statisticsshow that in the first eight monthsof this year, the province's factoriesand mines made more than 21,000

technical innovations, including 1,000

or so important ones, New materialsand techniques, such as precisioncasting, nodular east iron, powdermetallurg1 engineering plastics, coldextrusion, hydraulic pressure, fluidicsand eiectronics have been widelyadopted by metallurgical, ehemical,maehinery, railway and other in-dustrial departments.

The rise in the seientific and tech-nical level has advanced Liaoning'sindustrial production. Total industrialoutput value in the first eight monthsthis year increased 13 per cent overthe same 1970 period.

An extensive mass movement fortechnical innovations got under wayin the province's enterprises after thebeginning of the year. Three-in-onetechnical innovation contingents ofveteran workers, cadres and techni-cians have been organized in manyfactories and mines, which have play-ed a tremendous role in advancingtheir work by combining revolution-ary spirit with a scientific approach.The Shenyang No. 3 Machine ToolPlant has set up a three-in-one back-bone force with more than 700 mem-bers. Together with the workers,they have made a set of special equip-ment for standard parts, includinga cold-heading machine, a threadrolling machine and a cutting ma-c'hine, and realized streamlined pro-duction. As a result, production effi-eiency in processing these standardparts has shot up 20 to 50 fold. Theplant has already met 94 per eent ofits 1971 state plan.

2Z

As the movement proceeded, thethree-in-one groups and the workersrenovated equipment in old and bigenterprises and obtained many newtechnical results. The Talien No. 7

Oil Refinery is over 30 years old.Most of its production equipment dateback to the 40s. By technical reno-vation, the workers have created anew device of advanced level to re-place much of the refinerlr's otd andlarge equipment. The new devicereduces the number of equipment bytwo-thirds and the refinery occupies80 per cent less floor-space than be-fore. It also cuts fuel consumptionby one-third and more than doublesproduction capacity.

Giving full play to its favourableeonditions, the province has evolvedmany new techniques. A rveed-killerscientific researchgroup of the Shen-yang Chemical In-dustry ResealchInstitute, throughco-operation withworkers at a phar-maceutical plant,has produced a

new type of highlyefficient weed-killer by using a

by-product of chlo-romycetin" thusmeeting the an-nual needs for300,000 mu offarmland. Bymulti-purpose use,

the General Chem-ical Works of theAnshan Iron andSteel Companyhas in the pastthree years or sotrial-manuf acturedand turned outmore than 50 newproducts. Of these,16 fill in gaps in

China's eokirg produets. Some areup to advanced world levels. . ,

Aloss Scientific Experimentsln Rurdl Arer,s

il/fASS scientifie exPeriments inlYI ,g.i"rlture on an extensive scale

throughout China's countryside sincethe beginning of the Great Prole-tarian Cultural Revolution have pro-duced fruitlul results.

The Tachai people's exPerience inbuilding "Tachai fields," which yieldgood crops despite drought or water-logging, has been popularized in manyplaces in accordance with local con-ditions. Deep ploughing, improvingalkaline and sandy soil and other ex-periments have transformed largetracts of sandy, saline and alkalineland in the Ye1low River and HuaiRiver basins and along the coast intofertile fields. Breeding and popular-ization of good strains of wheat, rice,maize! sorghum, cotton, rapeseed,peanuts and tuber crops have senttheir per-rnu yield in man;' Placeszooming.

v

An electronic-controlledby Shenyang No. 3

turret lathe trial-produeeilMachiue Too[ Plant.

Peki,ng Reui,ew, No. 42

Introdirction of interplanting andgrowing two or three crops a yearinstead of one in a good number of

!, places have greatly raised the landlI utilization rate. In addition, bacte-rial fertilizer:s and microbe insecti-

' cides, made from local materials byindigenous methods, have been pop-ularized in many area.s. Other suc-cessful experiments indude: Tga in-digenous to southero China is nowbeing grown in some places ia thenorth, sugar beet cultivated in thenorth has beeD introduced to thesouthern provinceg and silkwormscan now be bred outdoors.

All over the country, scienti-ficfarming experimental groups withthe poor and lower-middle peasantsas the main force have been formed.Many counties now have agro-tech-nique popularizing stations, seedingand good strain stations, and manycommunes, production brigades andteams have their own scientific ex-perimental teamg centres or groups.

There is at present an agro-technicalcontingent made up of "indigenousexperts" trained through practicalday-to-day work.

In Kwangtung Province, more than1,300,000 peasants in communes, pro-duction brigades and teams take partin scientific experiments. Last yearthey had fairly good results in over300 of the more than 2,000 researchitems they undertook. The agro-technical group of the Liushih Bri-gade in Shansi Province succeeded inbreeding sorghum hybrids whichgave a record yield of 2.194 jin perruu,. T}":re Hsinhsien Special Region inShansi has more than 100,000 agro-technicians with poor and lower-middle peasants as the main force.They have cultivated scores of goodhybrid varieties of sorghum in thepast few years, and nearly1,000,000 mu of land in the regionare sown to these. Peasant ex-perts in the Hsinyeh Brigade in Shen-si Province have experimented with

a variety of long-staple eotton whictr,though very useful, used to be lowin yield and could not be grown inChina's hinterland. By hybridizingit with the local strain, these "indi-genous experts" succeeded, throughrepeated experiments, in developinga very good variety of high-yieldinglong-staple cotton. The new strain,suitable for China's hinterland, hasbeen popularizedscale.

Scientists and

on an extensive

technicians from

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many agricultural scientific researchdepartments have gone to the fore-front of agricultural production to bere-educated by the poor and lower-middle peasants, and at the sametime joined the masses in makingscientiflc experiments. Those fromthe Chinese Academy of Agriculturaland Forestry Sciences went to someareas in Shantung Province wherethey worked out a method of grow-ing sugar beets on saline and alkalineland.

t, PEKING REVIEW

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Published every Fridoy by PE(ING REVIEW Peking (37), CtlnoPost Of{ie Registnlioa No" 2-922

Fiinted in the fople's Regublic of €hl'ns

Vol. 14, No. 42

October 15, 1971

TI-IE WEEK

Choirmon Moo Meets H.t.M. Emperor l-loileSelossie I

lndependence Doy of Lcos GreetedPresident Anwor Sodqt CongrotulotedPremier Chou Meets Zambion Ambossodor to

ChinoPremier Chou Meets Americon FriendsAlbonion Gymnostic Teom WelcomedChinese ond Koreon Opero Troupes Exchonge

Visits

Chinese Embossy in Tunis to Resume Work

ARTICLES AND DOCUMENTS

Emperor Hoile Selossie I Visits ChinsWorm Greetings to Loo People on Their Glorious

Festiurl * Senrnin Ribao editoriolConquering the Yellow River- Huong ChunShonghoi - Booming l,ron qnd Steel Centre

Published in English, French, Spanish;

Japanese and German editions

New Criminol Evidence of the Joponese Reoction., ories' Hostility Towords the Koreon People-

Renrnin Riboo Commentotor

Soigon's One-Mon Show- Eenmin Ribao Com-mentolor

How the "One-Mon Election" ls Run

f,OUND THE WORTD

Chile: "Compensotion" to U.5, Componies Reduced

Zombio: Reody to Repulse Enemy IntrusionFronce: U.S. "New Econornic Policy" Denounced

Cubo: Committee in Defence of RevolutionDevelops in Anti-U.S. Struggles

Britoin: Joblessness Highest in 31 Yeors

SOCIALIST CHINA IN PROORESS

Ao lndustriol Bosds Scientific ond Technicol Work

Moss Scientific Experiments in Rurol Areos

17

18

16

n

22

II'

SEIECTED WORKS

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MAO TSE

Vols. I:lY.:'

Volume I contoins 17 of Comrode Moo Tsetung's writings of the First Rev.olutionory Civil Wor Period 11924-271 ond the Second Revolutionory Civil WorPeriod (1r27-nl.

Auai.lable in Arabic, Burmese, English, French, Get'rnan, Hindi, lndonesian,Italian, Japanese, Korean, Persiart, Portuguese,.Russian, Spanish, Thai, Vietnam,ese

and Esperanto.

Volume ll contoins ltO of Comrode Moo Tsetung's writings covering theperiod from the outbreok of the Wor of Resistonce Agoinst Jopon in July 1937

to the repulse of Chiong Koi-shek's second onti-Communist onslought in Moy 194t.

Auailable in Arabic, Burmese, English, French, German, lnd,onesian, Italian,

Japanese, Koreen, Persian, Ru,ssian, Spanish, Thai and, Vietnanzese.

Volume lll contoins 31 of Comrode Moo Tsetung's writings of the period

from Morch l9ltI to the victorious conclusion of the Wqr of Resistqnce AgoinstJopon in August 1945.

Atsailable in Arabie, Burmese, Englr,sh, French, Gerntan, Ind.onesian, Japanese,

Koreen, Rusnan, Spanish, Thai and Viehtamese.

Volume lV contoins 70 of Comrode Moo fsetung's writings covering theperiod of the Third Revolutionory Civil Wor from August 1945 to September 1949.

Aaailqble in Burmese, Engli,sh, French,, Gerntan, lndonesian, Japantese, I{ot'ean,

Russian, Spanish, Thai and Vietna'mese.

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22.2 X 75.2 em. Cloth or pliable cardboard couer with dttst-jacket

Pubtished by FoREIGN LANGUAGES PRESS, Pekins, Chino

Disrributed by GUOZI SHUDIAN (Chino Publicotions Centre), Peking, Ch;no

Order lrom

Mail Order Eept.;your local deoler or write direct to the

,.

6U'O'ZI SHUDIANT P.o. Box'3ee, Pekins, chinq