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June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, Paris
[email protected] Yi MOON
Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
Practice on Radionuclide Ranking in Korea
June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, Paris
Table of Content
1. General Information2. Exposure Pathway
3. Dose Coefficient4. Usage Factor5. Dose Calculation
June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, Paris
� Reactor Type : APR 1400 � Thermal Power : 4,000Mwt� Fuel Enrichment ≤3.64%
� Meteorological Condition� Data : 2009.1~2009.12, Shin-Ulchin Site� Atmospheric Diffusion Factor at 560m EAB
• X/Q : 1.658E-05• (X/D)D : 1.655E-05• (X/D)DD : 1.544E-05• D/Q : 4.439E-08
� Hydrological Condition� Mixing Ratio at 560m EAB : 2
1. General Information
June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, Paris
1. General Information- Current Status of NPP in Korea
� Location of NPPs� In operation : 20� Under construction : 6� Planned : 2 � KEDO
PWR PWR
PHWR& PWR
PWR
PWR
�Ulchin 1,2,3,4,5,6� Shin-Ulchin 1&2
�Wolsong 1,2,3,4� Shin-Wolsong 1,2� Kori 1,2,3,4� Shin-Kori 1,2,3,4
�Yonggwang1,2,3,4,5,6
KINS
Suspended
June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, Paris
1. General Information - Dose at EAB for multi-nuclear facilities at a Site
EAB for MultiEAB for MultiEAB for MultiEAB for Multi----UnitUnitUnitUnit EAB for a UnitEAB for a UnitEAB for a UnitEAB for a Unit
June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, Paris
� Calculation Model� USNRC Reg. Gude 1.111� USNRC Reg. Gude 1.113� USNRC Reg. Gude 1.109
� Computer Code :� Dose calculation� INDAC
� Calculation of atmospheric dispersion parameter� XOQDOQ
� Mixing ratio in ocean� POM (Princeton Ocean Model)
1. General Information- Model Description
June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, Paris
1. General Information- Model Description
� INDAC� INDAC (Integrated Dose Assessment Code Package for
KINS)� Developed by KINS in1999� Incorporating ICRP-60 concept into GASDOS/LIQDOS� Windows Platform
ㅁㅁㅁㅁ GASDOS/LIQDOS� developed by modifying food chain from GASPAR-II/
LADTAP-II in 1989. � For agricultural and marine products, the rice, green
vegetables used to make kimchi, and the seaweeds are added to represent the typical food chain in Korea.� DOS Platform
June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, Paris
1. General Information- Model Description
June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, Paris
1. General Information- Model Description
� The maximally exposed individual(MEI) concept applies to the calculation of the individual exposure dose� MEI has the characteristics of ingestion, activities, physiologyand metabolism, which surpass those of the common individual.
� MEI is taken as the object of exposure in the dose calculation to obtain a conservative evaluation
� For gaseous radioactive effluents, the evaluation is made based on the local population, agricultural products distributed by distance (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 35, 50, 65, and 80 km), and orientation (divided into 22.5˚̊̊̊).
� For liquid radioactive effluents, the evaluation is made based on the information on the local population, major fishing ports, and public beaches within 80km of the nuclear power plant.
June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, Paris
1. General Information- Model Description
� 4 age group� Babies: neonates ~ aged 1 year or under, DCF: 3 months� Children: aged 1 ~ 11 years or under, DCF: 5 years� Teens: aged 11 ~ 17 years or under, DCF: 15 years� Adults: population aged 17 years or older, DCF: adults
� 6 age group� Babies ~ population aged 1 year or under, DCF: 3 months� Aged 1 ~ 2 years or under, DCF: 1 year� Aged 2 ~ 7 years or under, DCF: 5 years� Aged 7 ~ 12 years or under, DCF: 10 years� Aged 12 ~ 17 years or under, DCF: 15 years� Aged 17 years or older, DCF: adults
June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, Paris
2. Exposure Pathway
� External Exposure Pathways � The external exposure pathways to radiation sources can be classified into five channels of transmission:� radiation source → vicinity residents � radiation source → water → vicinity residents� radiation source → water → deposit → vicinity residents� radiation source → air → vicinity residents� radiation source → air → soil → vicinity residents
June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, Paris
2. Exposure Pathway� Internal Exposure Pathways
� The major internal exposure pathways include the following:� radiation source → water → vicinity residents,� radiation source → water → seaweed → vicinity residents,� radiation source → water → shellfish → vicinity residents,� radiation source → water → fish → vicinity residents,� radiation source → water → soil → plant → vicinity residents,� radiation source → air → vicinity residents,� radiation source → air → soil →plant → vicinity residents � radiation source → air → soil → plant → livestock → vicinity residents
June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, Paris
2. Exposure Pathway
June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, Paris
Fig. Generalized Exposure Pathways for Man
2. Exposure Pathway
Fig. Generalized Exposure Pathways for Human
June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, ParisFig. Generalized Exposure Pathways for Biota Other Than Human
2. Exposure Pathway
June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, Paris
3. Dose Conversion Factor� The conversion factor from radioactivity to dose for a
hypothetical individual who represent the pertinent age group, by appropriate units.
� The dose conversion factor(DCF) of the inhalation and ingestion pathways are presented in ICRP-67, 69, 71, and 72.
� The DCF for external exposures, including submersion in noble gases, radioactive deposits on ground surfaces, and sea-shore activities (swimming, on-the-seashore activities, etc.) are applied with the values of the DFEXT Code developed by Eckerman et al. of the ORNL (Oak Ridge National Lab.) of the US. � This Code provides the external exposure DCF calculated with the model presented in Federal Guidance Report No. 12 of the EPA of the United States.
June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, Paris
Infant Child Teen AdultsAgricultural
product(kg/yr)
Grain 0 125.7 196.9 188.5Fruit 0 44.2 69.2 66.3
Kimchi 0 65.3 102.2 97.9Vegetable 0 84.5 132.3 126.7
Meat(kg/yr)
Beef 0 13.8 21.6 20.7Pork 0 8.2 13.0 12.4
Poultry 0 14.6 22.9 22.0Mlik (l/yr) 366 42 66 63
Sea foods(kg/yr)
Fish 0 52.9 82.8 79.3Crustacean /
mollusks 0 11.8 18.4 17.6
Sea weeds 0 10.6 16.6 15.8Inhalation rate (m3/yr) 1400 6700 7900 7400
4. Usage Factor For MEI individualFor MEI individualFor MEI individualFor MEI individual
June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, Paris
Child Teen AdultsAgricultural product(kg/yr) 140 274 262
Meat(kg/yr) 13 25 24Milk(ℓℓℓℓ/yr) 17 34 32
Sea Sea Sea Sea FoodsFoodsFoodsFoods
(kg/yr)(kg/yr)(kg/yr)(kg/yr)
Fish 22.1 43.2 41.4Crustacean /mollusks
4.0 7.8 7.5
Sea weeds 3.2 6.2 5.9Inhalation rate (m3/yr) 6700 7900 7400
4. Usage FactorFor average individualFor average individualFor average individualFor average individual
June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, Paris
MaximumIndividual
AverageIndividual
Grain, Fruit, Kimchi 14
14Vegetables 1Beef, pork 7Poultry 3Milk 1
Sea foods 1 3
4. Usage FactorTime between harvest and consumption of food (days)Time between harvest and consumption of food (days)Time between harvest and consumption of food (days)Time between harvest and consumption of food (days)
June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, Paris
� Gaseous Releases
5. Off-Site Dose Calculation -Annual Release of Radioactivity� Liquid Releases
Nuclide Bq/yr % H-3(HTO) 2.41E+13 99.83 Ru-106 8.51E+09 0.04 Rh-106 8.14E+09 0.03 I-131 7.03E+09 0.03 I-133 3.70E+09 0.02
Cs-137 1.74E+09 0.01 I-135 1.63E+09 0.01
Cs-134 1.26E+09 0.01 La-140 1.22E+09 0.01
Ba-137m 1.07E+09 0.00 Others 7.52E+09 0.03 Total 2.41E+13 100.00
Nuclide Bq/yr %Kr-85 1.81E+14 66.78
H-3(HTO) 3.44E+13 12.69 Xe-133 3.00E+13 11.07
Xe-131m 2.11E+13 7.78 Xe-135 1.59E+12 0.59 Ar-41 1.26E+12 0.46 Kr-88 4.07E+11 0.15
Xe-133m 3.70E+11 0.14 C-14(CO2) 2.70E+11 0.10
Kr-85m 2.22E+11 0.08 Others 4.35E+11 0.16 Total 2.71E+14 100.00
Total 36 nuclides Total 54 nuclides
June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, Paris
� Exposed dose for pathways (gaseous, 5(gaseous, 5(gaseous, 5(gaseous, 5----year child)year child)year child)year child)
Plume Ground deposition
Inhalation Food consumption
Thyroid dose(mSv)
Dose 2.62E-3 1.00E-4 2.25E-2 4.63E-2% 3.66 0.14 31.47 64.73
Effective dose(mSv)
Dose 2.70E-3 1.02E-4 6.14E-3 3.33E-2% 6.40 0.24 14.55 78.90
5. Off-Site Dose Calculation- Dose on Exposure Pathway
Seashoreactivities
Swimming Boating Food consumption
Thyroid dose
Dose 3.75E-6 5.22E-7 0.00E+0 1.33E-1% 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
Effective dose
Dose 3.79E-6 4.89E-7 0.00E+0 8.48E-3% 0.04 0.01 0.00 99.95
� Exposed dose for pathways (liquid, 5(liquid, 5(liquid, 5(liquid, 5----year child)year child)year child)year child)
June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, Paris
� Gaseous Releases
5. Off-Site Dose Calculation- Dose by nuclide (5-year child)
� Liquid Releases
NUCLIDE mSv/yr %C-14 2.58E-02 61.08
H-3(HTO) 1.20E-02 28.41 I-131 1.12E-03 2.65 Ar-41 8.51E-04 2.01 Kr-85 5.04E-04 1.19
Xe-133 4.63E-04 1.10 Kr-88 4.43E-04 1.05 I-133 3.08E-04 0.73
Xe-135 2.01E-04 0.48 I-135 1.18E-04 0.28
Others 4.32E-04 1.02
NUCLIDE mSv/yr % I-131 6.03E-03 71.15
Ru-106 1.08E-03 12.74 Te-132 1.82E-04 2.15 I-133 1.75E-04 2.06 Fe-59 1.68E-04 1.98
Ce-144 1.41E-04 1.66 Fe-55 1.36E-04 1.60 Zn-65 1.31E-04 1.55 Co-60 8.86E-05 1.05
Ag-110m 6.32E-05 0.75 Others 2.80E-04 3.30
� Total
NUCLIDE mSv/yr %C-14 2.58E-02 50.88
H-3(HTO) 1.20E-02 23.67 I-131 7.15E-03 14.11
Ru-106 1.08E-03 2.13 Ar-41 8.51E-04 1.68 Kr-85 5.04E-04 0.99 I-133 4.83E-04 0.96
Xe-133 4.63E-04 0.91 Kr-88 4.43E-04 0.87
Xe-135 2.01E-04 0.40Others 2.10E-03 4.15
June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, Paris
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