Practice Questions for Climate and Weather

Sec 4 Pure Geography

Name: ______________________________ Class:______

2(a) Study the map below showing the geographical locations of two cities in China, Harbin and Beijing. The

table shows the latitude and climatic data of these two cities.

With the help of information provided above, describe and explain the factors influencing temperature

differences between Harbin and Beijing. You may use diagrams to support your answer. [10]

2(b) The figure below shows the location of two weather stations, X and Y and the amount of rainfall

received at the two stations.

With the help of diagrams, account for the difference between the amounts of rainfall received in Location

X and Y. [7]

2(c) Desertification is caused mainly by natural factors. Do you agree with this statement?

Explain your answer. [8]

3(a) The map shows the location of Mumbai and a climograph of the place.

(i) Identify the climate experienced in Mumbai. Describe and account for the characteristics of the climate

experienced in Mumbai. [8]

(ii) Identify the type of vegetation found in this area. Describe their structure and how they adapt to this

climate. [5]

Anderson Secondary School

4a Explain how human activities have led to global warming. [6]

4b How has global warming affected the climate? [4]

Bukit Panjang

c) Explain how small-scale winds such as land and sea breezes are formed and how they affect coastal

temperatures. [7]

d) Discuss the economic, social and environmental impacts that flooding may bring. [8]

4a) Figure 4 below shows the climograph of a type of climate.

Based on the climatic characteristics shown in Figure 4, identify the type of natural vegetation that thrives

in this climate and explain how it adapts to the unique climatic conditions. [5]

b) Figures 5A and 5B show the location of New Delhi, India, and its climograph respectively.

Account for the influence of monsoon winds on New Delhi, India. [4]

Crescent Girls

2a. Study Figure 3, which is a climograph of the city of Yangon, Myanmar.

Figure 4

(i). What climatic type is shown in Figure 4? Support your answer with evidence from the climograph.

[4]

b. Figures 5a and 5b shows the effects of flooding caused by Cyclone Nargis, which struck Myanmar in

May 2008. The images on the left were taken before the cyclone and the images on the right were

taken after the cyclone had done its damage. Darker areas show land that is under water.

Figure 5a

Figure 5b

(i). With reference to the figures and studies you have conducted, describe the natural causes of floods

and their impacts on areas affected by them. [8]

(ii). Some scientists feel that dangerous tropical cyclones like Cyclone Nargis will become more common

in the years to come due to global warming. Explain why global warming is taking place and predict

why it might lead to more dangerous tropical cyclones. [5]

c. Another effect of global warming may be the increased incidence of natural disasters like drought.

Using examples, discuss the extent to which human adaptations such as advanced technology and

water storage have been effective in minimising the effects of droughts caused by global warming.

[8]

Maris Stella

2 (a) Study Figs. 4a and 4b, which shows the climographs for two different types of climate.

(i) Identify and describe the types of climate shown in Figs 4a and 4b. [6]

(ii) Given the climatic conditions at B, what characteristics would you expect to find of the natural

vegetation here? Give reasons for your answer. [6]

(b) Study Fig. 5, which shows a map of North America.

With reference to Fig. 5, explain the differences in temperatures between San Francisco and Sioux Falls.

[5]

(c) How successful are cloud seeding and flood insurance in alleviating the problems resulting from drought

and floods? Use examples you have studied to support your answer. [8]

New Town

3 a) Study the climatic data given in Figure 6 for two stations, A and B.

i) State the climate type of each station and explain the likely causes of the differences in their

temperature and precipitation. [8]

ii) Explain how the climate can cause problems for people living in the area around Station B during the

following months :

November to April and May to October [4]

b) Figure 7 shows rainfall at a weather station in the Sahel region on the southern edge of the Sahara

desert in Africa. Large parts of the Sahel region have suffered droughts and more than 25 million people

are threatened with starvation.

Describe the information shown in Figure 7 and explain how climate change has led to the onset of

drought in the Sahel. [5]

c) With reference to a named example, assess the success of strategies taken to reduce the effect of

droughts. [8]

SJI

(c) Fig. 3 shows rainfall data on Singapore. Account for the distribution of rainfall in Singapore. [6]

(d)

Using examples you have studied, evaluate the effectiveness of management strategies to mitigate

droughts. [8]

St Nicholas

2 Refer to Fig. 2 below. It shows the climograph of 2 different stations.

i. Which climograph depicts the equatorial climate? Account for your choice in relation to its temperature and rainfall. [1,5] ii. Describe how the vegetation found in the station of your choice adapts to its climate. [5] 3a Using a labeled diagram, explain how latitude influences temperature. [5]

3b Refer to Table 1 below. It shows the rainfall and temperature of part of a continent in the northern hemisphere which stretches from the coastline to 1 650 km inland. Describe and account for the variation in the temperature and rainfall in January and July for the two stations A and B. [6]

3c. Study Fig. 4 carefully. It shows an area in the tropical monsoon climatic region affected by massive flooding. Using information derived from Fig. 4 and any other knowledge you may have acquired through your readings, explain the natural causes of flooding in that area. [6]

3d“Dam construction is the best way to utilize water resource from the river.” Do you agree with this statement? [8] Temasek

Study Fig 4 below, which are the climographs of Stations X, Y and Z.

ai. Identify the climate types of the 3 weather stations. [3] aii. Describe the differences between the mean annual temperatures and total annual precipitation of Station X and Station Z. [4] aiii. Account for the differences mentioned in (a)(ii). [4] (iv) Describe and account for the similarities between the characteristics of the vegetation types found at Station Y and Station Z. [6] (b) How far do you agree with the statement that ‘the management of tropical rainforests has been effective solving the problems arising from deforested areas’? With reference to a named example(s), give reasons for your answer. [8] 3a. Fig. 5 shows the erosion of Highway 166 by the Cuyama River, Fig.6 is a location map of the area affected and Fig. 7 on page 7 provides information on the situation in the area.

Based on evidence from the Figs 5 to 7, identify along which part of the river’s course this is likely to be, and give reasons for your answer. [4] (ii) Draw a sketch to show the river and the road in Fig 5 and add the following labels; area of erosion, area of deposition and direction of flow. [5] (iii) With the aid of a labelled cross-section of the river channel between the undercut bank and the area of deposition, explain how the deposition on one bank and the erosion of Highway 166 came about. [6] (b)(i) Suggest one possible hard and soft measure to prevent the future erosion of Highway 166 by the Cuyama River. [2] (ii) Using evidence from rivers that you have studied, evaluate the effectiveness of river management strategies. [8] TKGS

TKSS

2 (a) Fig. 4 is part of an article on the impact of monsoons.

India’s annual monsoon rains have swept across the country two weeks ahead of schedule, breaking a 108-year-old record and causing floods and mudslides that have killed at least 25 people. The annual rains feed the farms that provide a livelihood to more than 60 per cent of India’s 1.1 billion people. But they can be deadly. The monsoon usually begins sweeping across India in early June, but rarely reaches northern India before July. It is the first since record keeping began 108 years ago that monsoon rains covered the entire country two weeks before the start of July.

Fig. 4

Source: “India: Early Monsoon rains bring death” 17th June 2008, The Straits Times

(i) Explain why India experiences high rainfall from June to September annually. [5]

(ii) “It is the first since record keeping began 108 years ago that monsoon rains covered the entire

country two weeks before the start of July.” What could have brought about such a change in climatic patterns as stated in the excerpt above?

[4] (b) Study the 1: 50 000 Map Extract provided of Rusape, (Zimbabwe) and answer the questions below.

(i) Describe the main features of the Rusape River as indicated in Fig. 5 below. You must support your

answer with map evidence. [5] (ii) Explain why the Rusape River may not be a navigable river. [3]

You must support your answer with map evidence.

(c) River management strategies have long been in use to prevent river flooding. Evaluate the

usefulness of such strategies. [8]

3 (a) Study Fig. 6, which is the climatic data from a weather station. Month J F M A M J J A S O N D Temp.

(°C) -10 -8 -4 4 13 17 19 17 11 4 -2 -8

Rain (mm)

27 23 30 38 48 51 71 73 56 36 41 38

Fig. 6

(i) State the mean annual temperature and the total annual rainfall for the weather station. [2] (ii) Using data from Fig. 6, describe the main characteristics of this climate. [5] Xinmin

41 50

41 50

91

81

91

81

Not to scale

Fig. 5