An inventor, or the inventor?

It'swell-known fact thatelectric light was invented by American Thomas Edison, but is it really true? Edison's light bulb, like many inventions, wasresult of many scientists' work.English scientist had madesimple electric light seventy years earlier, and Edison's further development ofidea wouldn't have been possible without the work of his colleagues.

Similarly, the Wright brothers are generally credited with inventing the first successful airplane atbeginning oftwentieth century. Yet literally dozens ofinventors and scientists before that time might claim to have taken key steps in developingsustained flight. For instance,Norwegian named Navrestad supposedly flew in a glider in 1825, and in subsequent years,advances were made all over the world. In fact just before the Wright brothers' famous flight,American named Langley flew overPotomac River, a distance of about 800 metres.

It seems thatperson who not only achieves a particular feat but also records it, protects it and publicises it will be credited with the discovery.

Put: a/an/the/_

Read the article. Selectthe in ten places where it is unnecessary. YOUR MILLION-DOLLAR IDEA $Do you want to join those people who have made a million from a simple idea? Then just follow these five tips:$ Rememberthesaying 'necessity isthemother oftheinvention'. Whenthepeople needthethings, sooner or later someone will come up with an idea to meet that need. It could be you!$ Watch people and notice their habits. How do they dotheeveryday activities, such as answeringthephone, handlingthemoney orthecredit cards, eating and drinking? Is there a way that one of the activities could be made easier?$ When you have an idea, write it down. Draw a picture. Give it a name. This will help your mind work ontheidea further.$ Don't talk tothenegative people about your ideas.Themotivation is important forthecreativity, and negative people can kill it.$ Talk to a friend about your ideas. Some ofthemost successful ideas emerge throughthetalking.

Complete the puzzle and find a piece of advice.

Across:1- adjective describing a harmful effect2- adjective describing a positive effect3- change something completely4- make something better5- change something unnaturally6- change something completely7- harm8- make something different

Complete the compound nouns with the words below.

Read the article and complete it with the words below.

Match the meanings with the phrases in bold in the article.

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use between two and five words including the word given.

Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of the verbs in brackets.

Complete the crossword.

Put the words in the correct order to make phrases for making comparisons.

Exercise 6B Learn to make written comparisonsLook at the chart and complete the sentences with the phrases below.

Exercise 1A Function suggesting ideasRead the conversation about rules in an English class. There is one unnecessary word in each phrase in brackets. Rewrite the phrase correctly, without the unnecessary word.A: What do you think about simply writing the rule on a sign on the wall: 'English only?'B: I think it's too simple. We would ignore it.C: How do you feel about a fine system? You have to pay if you speak your language.B: That's not original enough.A: Suppose we try a mother-tongue 'island.' A place in the room where you can go to speak your mother tongue if you really need to.C: That's a terrific idea.B: It doesn't grab me.A: Would you consider having five-minute mother-tongue breaks in the middle of the lesson?B: I think we're on the wrong track here. It's either punishment or reward, nothing else works.C: How does giving a prize for using only English strike you? Like no homework? Or chocolate?B: I'd go for that.A: It'd be great if we could get more different nationalities in the group. Then we'd naturally speak English more.B: That's not very realistic.C: I'm torn between punishment and reward systems. Fines or prizes.A: Could we go for both?B: Yeah, let's go with that.

A: (What do you think about simply write writing) the rule on a sign on the wall: 'English only'? B: I think it's too simple. We would ignore it. C: ? (How much do you feel about a fine system)? You have to pay if you speak your language. B: That's not original enough. A: (I suppose we try) a mother-tongue 'island'. A place in the room where you can go to speak your mother tongue if you really need to. C: That's a terrific idea. B: (It doesn't grab for me). A: (Would you consider about having) five-minute mother-tongue breaks in the middle of the lesson? B: (I think we're running on the wrong track here). It's either punishment or reward, nothing else works. C: (How does giving a prize for using only English strike you out)? Like no homework? Or chocolate? B: (I'd go agree for that). A: (It'd be great if we should could get) more different nationalities in the group. Then we'd naturally speak English more. B: That's not very realistic. C: (I'm torn up between punishment and reward systems). Fines or prizes. A: (Could we go in for both)? B: Yeah, (let's go out with that).

Exercise 2A Learn To show reservationsFind and select the mistake in each sentence. You will need to select two words in Question 6. 1.- With respectful, we need to be more focused. 2.- To be honestly, I thought your first suggestion was better. 3.- To put that bluntly, that's the worst idea I've heard today. 4.- Actual, I don't think that's a very practical idea. 5.- Frankedly, it's just not going to work. 6.- As a fact of matter, that's probably the only way.Rewrite the phrases, correcting the underlined mistakes. Then listen and check. 1.- With respectful, we need to be more focused., we need to be more focused. 2.- To be honestly, I thought your first suggestion was better., I thought your first suggestion was better. 3.- To put that bluntly, that's the worst idea I've heard today., that's the worst idea I've heard today. 4.- Actual, I don't think that's a very practical idea., I don't think that's a very practical idea. 5.- Frankedly, it's just not going to work., it's just not going to work. 6.- As a fact of matter, that's probably the only way., that's probably the only way.

Exercise 3A Vocabulary adjectivesComplete the words by adding vowels to the adjectives.

1. People who read that won't understand it, they've never heard of any of the people involved it's too.2. When the movie started I already knew how it was going to end. It was so.3. They both refused to speak until the other apologised, and so they never spoke again. The situation was totally.4. Harry's just started at the bank and says he'll be running it within a year. He always was rather.5. Hmm a chicken in a spacesuit that's .6. Have you heard? They fired Sophie without warning, and with no pay. It's really .7. So you want to drive two thousand kilometres in two days, all by yourself? I think that's.8. That's the best idea I've ever heard! It's .

REVIEWExercise 3 Grammar narrative tensesSelect the correct option to complete the sentences.

ate-was eating-had eating

had been waiting-had waiting-was waiting

already had sold-had sold already-had already sold

heard-was hearing-had been hearing

was forgetting-had been forgetting-had forgotten

has sung-were singing-sang

had been knowing-had known-was knowing

was looking-has looked-was looked

Exercise 4 Grammar narrative tenses

Complete the dialogues with the past perfect or the past perfect continuous form of the verbs in brackets. If both are possible, use the past perfect continuous.A: Why was Claire crying?B: Because Richard (just break up) with her.A: What was the score in the end?B: Onenil. They (play) really badly until they scored.A: I can't believe Joe said those horrible things about Paulette.B: I know. I (always think) he was such a nice person until that.A: So what made you decide to visit Russia?B: Well, I (study) Russian Politics at university when I thought it sounded like an interesting place.A: Helen Jackson is really famous now you see her on TV all the time.B: Yes, but nobody (hear) of her until she won a gold medal at the Olympics.Exercise 5 Grammar future formsSelect the correct alternatives.

1. m working - ll work2. Are going to watch - might watch3. Will be-is planning to be4. ll get-get5. May well-may will6. Hoping to find-finding7. Going to be-will be8. Starts-is starting

Exercise 6 Grammar future formsPut the words in the correct order to make sentences.

Exercise 7 Grammar passivesRewrite the sentences using the prompts in brackets and your own words. Do not change the form of the prompt.

1. John Logie Baird created the first television. (invented) The television ______________________________________________2. Someone is watching us. (being) We _____________________________________3. You mustn't eat this type of plant. (can't) This type of plant ________________________________________4. I left my money on the table, but now it's not there. (stolen) My money _____________________________________________5. I'm hoping they'll give me a bigger salary next year. (to) I hope _____________________________________________________6. I don't like people telling me gossip. (being) I don't like ________________________________________________You are going to read a magazine article about five people describing extreme jobs.For questions 1630, choose from the people (AE). The people may be chosen more than once.

Which personsays the job doesn't pay much money? 16 tries not to be frightened? 17 describes doing something which is usually illegal? 18 thinks it's very important to succeed? 19 did a temporary job? 20 says they earn a lot of money for their job? 21 22 had a lot of accidents when they were younger? 23 describes how the weather can affect their work? 24 says it's important to stay calm? 25 says other people want to do the job? 26 describes seeing something beautiful every day? 27 likes being able to help people who are similar to them? 28 works with computers? 29 describes using chemicals? 30

Exercise 2B ReadingFind words or phrases in the texts to match definitions 16.1. an organisation which rescues people and puts out fires (A) .2. a chemical which the body produces when you are in an exciting or dangerous situation (A) .3. in very high places (B) .4. to like something very much (C) to a .5. not clear (D) .6. when everybody has to leave a building/area because of a risk of danger (E) .

Exercise 3 Vocabulary behaviour and locationsComplete the sentences with the correct word/phrase.

1. as the crow flies / half way between2. get on with / put it off3. give in / ignore4. unspoilt / remote5. densely populated / in close proximity6. pay attention / take care

Exercise 4 Vocabulary feelingsUse the clues to complete the crossword.

Exercise 1A WritingRead the email below and correct the mistakes in bold.

Subject: Our holidayHi!How are thing with you? Sorry I hadn't written to you for such a long time, things have been really busy at work. I got a promocion at the beginning of the year which is great as I'm now winning more money, but I do about ten times more work!What about you? Are you still in a relationship? I remember you guys were really happy together when we last were meeting .Anyway, I'm writing ask you for some advices . I finally have a bit of free time in the summer and we're thinking of going on a cycling holiday in your country. I know you did a similar thing a few years ago in the south. Could you recommend where to go?Also, are there any special equipment I should buy? We also want to go camping as I know hotels are expensive there.Thanks in advance for any advice you can give, and please write soon to tell me your news.Dan