praktikum 5. poultry - · pdf filetuliskan hasil diskusi pada buku praktikum masing-masing....

PRAKTIKUM 5. POULTRY

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES IN ANIMAL SCIENCE (EAPAS)ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES IN ANIMAL SCIENCE (EAPAS)

• Diskusikan dalam kelompok bacaan dibawah ini, tandai dan catat kosa-katayang belum anda mengerti. Terjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia

• Diskusikan dalam kelompok bacaan dibawah ini, tandai dan catat kosa-katayang belum anda mengerti. Terjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia

• Pelajari dengan seksama artikel dengan judul EXPLORING POULTRY INDUSTRY• Jawab pertanyaan pada halaman 3-4

1. What is a layer?2. How long does it typically take for broilers to be ready for market?3. At what age do chickens typically begin egg production?4. What are the four classes of chickens used in the United States?5. What is the most common breed of turkey in the United States?6. 6. Name at least four duck breeds used for meat.7. 7. What is the most common duck breed used for meat production?8. 8. Name two duck breeds used for egg production.

Tuliskan hasil diskusi pada Buku Praktikum masing-masing. Buku Praktikumdikumpulkan sebagai berikut:

Tempat Pengumpulan : Lab THT lantai 2Batas Waktu : Senin 2 Mei 2016, Pukul 12.00 WIB

Hasil praktikum harus merupakan hasil diskusi kelompok; bukan pekerjaanindividual yang dilakukan sendiri-sendiri

HAVE FUN

Exploring the Poultry Industry

THE POULTRY INDUSTRY deals with domesticated birds

used for meat, eggs, and feathers. Chickens are the

most common part of the poultry industry, but turkeys,

ducks, and geese are also included. The poultry industry

consists of four main areas of production: broiler, egg,

pullet, and breeder bird.

Objectives:

� 1. Describe poultry as organisms and identifyexternal parts.

2. Define poultry terms.

3. Explain production systems and marketingof poultry.

4. List and describe kinds and breeds of poultry.

Key Terms:

�

Poultry as Organisms

Poultry is the group name for all domesticated birds used for meat, eggs, or feathers. Poul-

try are also referred to as birds and fowl. These birds have wings, backbones, and feathers;

some can even swim.

E-unit: Exploring the Poultry Industry

Page 1 � AgEdLibrary.com

Copyright © by CAERT, Inc. — Reproduction by subscription only. 020077

bantam

broiler

chick

cockerel

drake

duckling

gander

goose

gosling

hen

layer

poult

poultry

pullet

rooster

tom

The main difference between poultry and other animals is that they have different digestive

and reproductive systems. The poultry digestive system includes a gizzard to make up for not

having teeth. Reproduction entails egg laying after mating. Another interesting point on poul-

try reproduction is that artificial insemination is often needed because some birds lack the agil-

ity and the desire to mate naturally. Broad-breasted turkeys are the best example.

Externally, most birds are very similar. There are features on the heads and necks of birds

that help to identify them.

Poultry Terminology

Chickens are classified as layers or broilers. A layer is a chicken used to produce large

quantities of eggs. Eggs are used for food and to produce chicks. A broiler is a young chicken

that weighs about 4 pounds, is six

to seven weeks old, and is used

for meat because of its tenderness.

Chickens are grouped by sex

and age. A baby chicken of either

sex is called a chick. A young

male chicken is called a cock-

erel. A mature male is called a

rooster. A young female chicken

is called a pullet. A mature

female is called a hen. Hen also

refers to a mature female duck,

turkey, or pheasant. A miniature

chicken is called a bantam.

Turkeys also have names for

specific types. An adult male tur-

key is called a tom or a gobbler. A

young turkey of either sex is a

poult.

Ducks have down that grows

under the feathers. A drake is a

mature male duck.

A duckling is a young duck of

either sex.

A young goose is referred to as

a gosling. A mature male is

called a gander. A mature female

is called a goose.




FIGURE 1. Broilers are used primarily for their meat.

FIGURE 2. Chicks are baby chickens of either sex.

Poultry Production Systems and Marketing

Chickens are the main form of consumed poultry, so they will be focused on. There are

four areas of poultry production. Each has specific marketing options.

Ups and downs in supply and demand occur for all kinds of poultry production. For exam-

ple, turkeys will sell better during the Thanksgiving season. Eggs will be more in demand

around Christmas when many people are baking.

BROILER PRODUCTION

Production of broilers involves producing as much meat as possible as quickly as possible to

acquire maximum profit. Most broilers are raised in large facilities for six to seven weeks

before going to market. This time is declining, however, as producers use improved practices.

Nutrition and environment are closely monitored for ideal broiler production.

Nearly all broilers are grown under contract between farmer and processor. About 99 per-

cent of broilers raised in the United States are marketed in this way. The contract between the

farmer and the processor defines the terms of payment. Other marketing options include sell-

ing live broilers at auctions, to dealers, or to processing plants.

EGG PRODUCTION

Egg production requires farmers to produce high-quality eggs for consumption. To be suc-

cessful, producers must provide an ideal environment for the hens. Management of hens

focuses on proper housing and nutrition. It is also very important to keep all eggs clean and to

prevent them from breaking. Marketing eggs is often done under contract, like broilers. Other

options include selling to local buyers or through cooperatives. Since eggs are very delicate,

they must be handled carefully in any marketing option to ensure profit and food quality.

PULLET PRODUCTION

Pullet production systems raise hens for laying purposes. They raise day-old female chicks

into replacement hens. Management focuses on keeping a healthy environment for chicks.

Producers raise the pullets until they are 20 weeks old. They then deliver the pullets to a laying

farm where the hens will begin egg production at about 24 weeks of age. Marketing of pullets

is done between pullet producers and egg producers.

BREEDER-BIRD PRODUCTION

Breeder-bird production systems grow pullets and cockerels for fertile egg production.

These eggs are hatched, and the birds become broilers. Marketing for breeder birds includes

selling under contract with a poultry company.




Kinds and Breeds of Poultry

Knowing breeds of poultry is important when deciding what type of bird to raise. Four

classes of chickens are used in the United States: American, Asiatic, English, and Mediterra-

nean. They have characteristics that identify them, including color of eggs, skin, eyes, earlobes,

and plumage. American breeds raised in the United States include White Plymouth Rock,

Rhode Island Red, and New Hampshire. Asiatic breeds are not very common in America.

English breeds raised in the United States include Australorp and Cornish. The most popular

Mediterranean breed raised in the United States is the Leghorn. Breeds typically used for meat

and egg production include the White Plymouth Rock and New Hampshire. Breeds used for

egg production only include Rhode Island Red, Australorp, and Leghorn. Cornish are primar-

ily raised for meat production only.

Turkeys come in many varieties, but the Broad Breasted Large White is the most commonly

grown bird in the United States. It was developed from crosses. The males have black beards,

and all birds have white feet, beaks, and shanks.

Duck breeds used for meat include the Call, Swedish, Rouen, Pekin (commonly called

White Pekin), Aylesbury, Muscovy, and Cayuga. The White Pekin is the most commonly used

bird for meat production. The breed originated in China. White Pekins weigh 8 pounds at

maturity and are white feathered with yellow skin. They are nervous birds that have white-

tinted eggs. Egg-laying breeds include Khaki Campbell and Indian Runner.

Geese are also raised in the United States. They are used for meat, eggs, feathers, down, and

the weeding of crops. The five most common breeds of geese are Toulouse, Embden, Chinese,

Pilgrim, and African.

Summary:

� Poultry is the term used to describe all domesticated birds used for meat, eggs, andfeathers. The poultry industry consists of four main areas of production: broiler,egg, pullet, and breeder bird. Broiler production is the growing of birds for meat.Egg production involves keeping layers to produce eggs for human consumption.Pullet production is the raising of hens that will be used for laying purposes.Breeder-bird production involves growing pullets and cockerels for fertile egg pro-duction.

Checking Your Knowledge:

� 1. What is a layer?

2. How long does it typically take for broilers to be ready for market?

3. At what age do chickens typically begin egg production?

4. What are the four classes of chickens used in the United States?




5. What is the most common breed of turkey in the United States?

6. Name at least four duck breeds used for meat.

7. What is the most common duck breed used for meat production?

8. Name two duck breeds used for egg production.

Expanding Your Knowledge:

� Interview a local chicken producer and discuss his or her preferred breed ofchicken. Determine why the producer has a preference for that breed.

Web Links:

� Chicken Production

http://www.antwifarms.com/chickenhome.shtml

The Poultry Site

http://www.thepoultrysite.com/

Poultry Extension—Penn State Department of Poultry Science

http://poultryextension.psu.edu/




http://www.antwifarms.com/chickenhome.shtml

http://www.thepoultrysite.com/

http://poultryextension.psu.edu/

praktikum 5. poultry - · pdf filetuliskan hasil diskusi pada buku praktikum masing-masing....

Documents