PRE-BREEDING IN NORDIC COUNTRIES

NMR PROJECT

OBJECTIVETo investigate the need for collaborative

efforts to strengthen Nordic plant breeding. This in view of demand for new genetic material linked to effects of Climate Change and the structural changes that have taken place in plant breeding over the last decade

Nordic Plant breedingTHE PROCESS

• Reference group

•NMR meeting in Växjö 2008

•Visits to companies/institutes/organiz

•Discussions with rel. ministries

• Presentation to ministers July 2009

• Final report autumn 2009

NordGen 2009 NordGen 2009

Nordic Plant breeding

THE BREEDING CHAIN

• Education and research

• Conservation and utilization of genetic

resources

• Pre-breeding

• Breeding of cultivars/varieties

• Testing

WHAT IS PRE-BREEDING?

- To introduce new desirable traits/genes into an adapted genetic background

- To broaden the genetic base in abreeding material in pace with environmental changes

- To develop new methodology

The step before the practical breeding :

NordGen 2009 Växjö 2008The Nordic area: large regional

and climatic differences!

Växjö 2008 What will climatic change mean to the Nordic area ?

Changes in vegetation period

(Fogelfors 2008)

2025

NordGen 2009

>3 000 ha

2 000 - 3 000

1 000 - 2 000

500 - 1 000

100 - 500

50 - 100

10 - 50

<10

0

(Fogelfors 2008)

Change in maize cultivation2002 – 2007

NordGen 2009

DISEASE RESISTANCE – a large challenge

Powdery mildew in wheat

NordGen 2009

NEW SPRING WHEATS IN NORWAY�Polkka

– New 1992 – susceptible 1992

�Brakar

– New 1995 – susceptible 1996

�Zebra

– New 2001 – susceptible2003

�Bjarne

– New 2002 – susceptible 2004

NordGen 2009

Fungicide sales in Finland / tn a.i.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

FUNGICIDE SALES IN FINLAND

NordGen 2009

KAUKORANTA TIMO et al. 1996

”Increase of one degree in averagetemperature= one fungicid treatement more per year”

NordGen 2009

Climatic changes – what do we know?

• Increased temperature – heat stress, earliness

• Changed precipitation – drought and more rain

• Winter – harmful spring frost

• Pest and diseases – new resistances needed

• New cultivation systems - crops are moved to the

north, no change of the light

NordGen 2009

Växjö 2008THE NORDIC MAP OF

BREEDING

Växjö 2008

2

1

1

3

1

BREEDING:

Agricultural crops

Växjö 2008

BREEDING:

VEGETABLES

0

00

0

0

Växjö 2008BREEDING:

FRUITS and BERRIES

0

0

SLU

MTT

GRAMINOR

TRENDS

Increased diversity: new actors

• Local production

• Organic farming

• “New Nordic food” –

origin important!

NordGen 2009

GENETIC RESOURCES ARE

CURRENTLY UNDERUTILIZED!!!!

NordGen 2009

PIIKIÖ 2008

The NORDIC area has unique older cultivars

but marginal (or no) breeding in many

crops!!

Diversity in oats: Nordic material has

a very restricted variation!! Factorial analysis: Axe s 1 / 2

-.3 -.25 -.2 -.15 -.1 -.05 .05 .1 .15 .2

.25

.2

.15

.1

.05

-.05

-.1

-.15

-.2

9741A41-4-6-86 A.sativa

AC Assiniboia

AC Aylmer

AC Marie

AC Medallion

AC Rigodon

AC Ronald

Aarre

Ac Goslin

Ajay

Assiniboia/S42

Avena Eurabbie

Avena Fulghum

Avena Kangaroo

Avena MN841801-1

Avena Mortlock

Avena Noble-2

Avena Norline

Avena Potoroo

Avena Sun II-1

Avena W intok

Avena sativa L. 2006BT14/1RAvena sativa L. 2006BT14/1S

Avena sativa L. 2006BT47/3RAvena sativa L. 2006BT47/3S

Avena sativa L. 2006BT70/4RAvena sativa L. 2006BT70/4S

Aveny (SW 01168)Belinda

Bia (SW 00137)

Blaze

Brochan

Bullion

Bulwark

CDC Baler CDC Boyer

CDC Dancer

CDC Orrin

CDC Sol-Fi

CDC W eaver

CI 1712 A.sativa

CI 4706 A.sativa

CI 9416-1 A.sativa

Calibre

Capital

Cascade

Cilla

Coker 227

Coker 833

D921-643

Dal

Dancer

Domingo (SW 00448) Dominik (Bauer)

Drummond

Exeter

Expression

Finnish

Florida 501

Freja

Furlong

Fyris

GS7

Gem

Graakall

Grey W interHendon

HiFiHird

Hurdal

IA98822-2

IL00-7267

IL02-8658

IL2858-1

IL86-5262

IL86-5698IL86-5698-3

IL97-19238

IL98-10145

IL99-1338

Ivory (Nordsaat)

Jay

Jerry

Jordan

Kanota

Kapp

Kaufman

Korgen

Kvitodal

Lamont

Leggett

MAM17-5

MN841810 A.sativa

Maldwyn

Marion (Canada)

Martin

Matilda

MelysMoholtMonida

Morton

Mustang

Nora OA516-2

OT3006

OT380

OgleOgle 1040

Otana

PI 189733 A.sativa

PI 260616-1 A.sativa

PI 263412-1 A.sativa

Pol

Powel l

Provena

Racoon

Richard

Rodney 0

Roope

S147

S172

SW Betania

SW Kerstin

SangSesqui

Sol-Fi

Solva

Spurs

Starter

Stout cv. A.sativa

Svea

TAM O-301

TAM O-397

TAM-O-405

Terra

Triple Crown

Troy

UFRGS 14

UFRGS 16; Pacheco; Brazil

UPF 16

UPFRGS 046054-2

URS 20

URS 21

URS 22

URS GUAPA

VAO-2

Veli

Vista

W 95116

W IX 7955-1

Ylitornio

Z615-4

Nordic

oats

NordGen 2009

NordGen 2009

CONCLUSIONSObjectives for a joint Nordic

engagement

• Climatic changes – new demands

• The goals for environmental and regional development are similar

• International focus on large crops and markets – the Nordic area is in the periphery with many small submarkets

• Regional development is of Nordic interest

• Use of genetic resources should increase

NordGen 2009

CONCLUSIONS 1

• Climate change will have a strong impact on

future agriculture

• Genetic resources are currently underutilized

• Pre-breeding is a necessary prerequisite for

agricultural development

NordGen 2009

CONCLUSIONS 2• Pre-breeding has considerable support in

other EU-countries

• The Nordic countries are small, fragmented

markets

• Concern for future competitiveness for Nordic

Plant Breeding

NordGen 2009

PROPOSAL PPP 1

• Establish Public-Private Partnership: 2010

• Scope:- Broadening of the genetic base for adaptation to

Climate Change - Introduction of specific genetic variation- Development of tools for breeding and selection

NordGen 2009

• Funding:

- 60 % public, through NMR budget- 40 % breeding companies/public breeding

• Execution: At Nordic universities, institues and/or

companies. No funding of new, larger infrastructures

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PROPOSAL PPP 2

• Administration: NordGen

• Steering Committee:

- Society 2-4 (incl. chairman)- Academy 2 - Plant Breeding Community 2-4

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PROPOSAL PPP 3

• ResultsConsortium agreements including policy on publications and access to Intellectual Property

• International cooperationOpen for non-Nordic partners if this adds value and is agreed upon

NordGen 2009

PROPOSAL PPP 4

• Re-assessment: every 2nd year

• Re-evaluation: every 5th year

• Project proposals:

Initiatives from Plant Breeding companies/entitiesSteering Committee etc.

NordGen 2009

PROPOSAL PPP 5NMR PROJECT ON PLANT BREEDING

Further tasks

BALTIC STATES

• How can the Baltic states take part in the suggested Public-Private-Partnership?

• How to involve the Baltic states in the considerations about joint testing?

NordGen 2009

NordGen 2009

We need to preserve and

utilize the diversity for the

future!! The Global Seed Vault

SVALBARDNordGen 2009

Thank you!

Seed Portal:

www.nordgen.org/sgsv

www.seedvault.no