TUNNELLING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING

LAMANNA Luigi Franco Independent Technical Consultant

132, via dei Serpenti – 00184 ROMA – ITALY – U.E. e-mail: lamannaluigifranco @ gmail.com

SOLUTIONS FOR PRE-EXCAVATION GROUTING IN ROCK TUNNELING

WILL BE SHOWN BELOW EXAMPLES OF ISSUES THAT CAN BE ENCOUNTERED IN THE EXCAVATION OF UNDERGROUND TUNNELS AND NOT IN THE CITY 'OR THROUGH INFRASTRUCTURE

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TBM-EPB EARTH PRESSURE BALANCED SHIELD

TBM OPEN FACE STABILIZATION TREATMENTS

When the over-excavation at the face was increasing above a couple of meters in front and above the cutterhead, the TBM advance was stopped, the voids filled with resin foams (GLOBALFOAM-SP) and the collapsed material in front of the face consolidated with chemical grout mix. Thant the TBM was advanced for few strokes until the treatment had to be repeated.

TREATMENT AND STABILISATION OF THE TUNNEL FACE AND

AHEAD OF THE FACE RAVELLING GROUND SECTIONS

EXPANSIVE FOAM RESIN INJECTION

“GLOBALFOAM-SP”

TBM-EPB

DRILLING

FIBERGLASS MICROPILE

DRILLING MICROPILE, 18 – 21 m

COLLAPSED MATERIAL CONSOLIDATED WITH CHEMICAL GROUT MIX

HARD ROCK TBM FACE STABILIZATION TREATMENTS

SCHEME OF THE PRETREATMENT AHEAD OF THE FACE IN THE TUNNEL TO GO THROUGH A COLLAPSED

PLAN TO OVERCOME EXTRAORDINARY GEOLOGICAL EVENTS

PHASE 1 – STABILIZATION AT THE FACE - Removal of soil from the TBM - Boring to drain water at the invert arch - Boring and spilings valved pipes L = 1.50 to 3.00 m. - Injections with resins

L = 3.00 m

L = 1.50 m

LANDSLIDE OF COHESIONLESS MATERIAL WATER INFLOWS

BORINGS L = 8.00 m FOR TREATMENTS AND DRAINAGE

TBM

EXPANSIVE FOAM RESIN INJECTION

“GLOBALFOAM-SP”

PHASE 2 – PILOT TUNNEL EXCAVATION AND TREATMENT - Soil reinforcement with spiling and resins injections - Excavations of pilot tunnel and support with ribs and forepoles - Drainage borings in crows L = 1.50 m

TYPICAL CROSS-SECTION PILOT TUNNEL IN CROWN

FOREPOLES

SHOTCRETE & MESH AT THE FACE

TBM

GLOBALFOAM-SP INJECTION

PHASE 3 – PILOT TUNNEL TREATMENTS AND TBM FACE RESTORATION - Boring and reinforcement injections from the pilot tunnel, in advancement and at TBM face - If necessary, drainage borings and umbrella forepoles at the face of pilot tunnel

TYPICAL CROSS-SECTION PILOT TUNNEL IN CROWN

SPILINGS UNP 100, IPE 100 (L = 3.00 M)

FOAM INJECTION

PILES

L = 1.50 m L = 3.00 m

L = 6.00 m

TBM

GLOBALFOAM-SP INJECTION

PHASE 4 – IF NECESSARY, DOWN EXCAVATION AT TBM FACE TO REDUCE SOIL PRESSURE ON THE HEAD - The plan indicates a general procedure, adapted to the encountered conditions during the excavation

TYPICAL CROSS-SECTION PILOT TUNNEL IN CROWN

SIDE PILOT TUNNEL

TBM

SHOTCRETE & MESH AT THE FACE

DOWN-EXCAVATION

GLOBALFOAM-SP INJECTION

GLOBALFOAM-SP INJECTION

PHASE 5 – PILOT TUNNEL TREATMENT AND TBM FACE RESTORATION - Down excavation at TBM face - Drainage borings and umbrella forepoles

SIDE PILOT TUNNEL

SPILINGS UNP 100, IPE 100 - L = 3.00 m INJECTION PILES D = 1”

TBM

DRAINAGE BORING L = 15 – 20 m

N. 18 UMBRELLA PILES D. 50 mm L = 15 – 20 m

DRAINAGE BORING D 2.5 cm L = 5 – 10 m

CAP AT FACE OF PILOT TUNNEL L = 800 mm

GLOBALFOAM-SP INJECTION

COLLAPSED MATERIAL CONSOLIDATED WITH CHEMICAL GROUT MIX

EXPANSIVE FOAM INJECTION “GLOBALFOAM-SP” OR “GLOBALFOAM-3V”

THE PNEUMATIC DRIVEN SINGLE PLUNGER PUMP FOR

TUNNELLING OR MINING

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EXAMPLES OF CONSOLIDATION OF LAND AND ROCKS BEFORE TUNNELING (WITH MECHANIZED EXCAVATION (TBM-EPB)

PHASE 1 SERIES OF INJECTIONS BY "GLOBALFOAM-SP” OR “GLOBALFOAM-3V” AD INTERVAL 0,75-1,5 M. - LENGTH 2 - 4 M. HOLES

PHASE 2 SERIES OF INJECTIONS CEMENT MIXTURE TO RANGE 2 - 4 M. - LENGTH 4 - 12 M. HOLES

1^ STAGE

PHASE 1

PHASE 2

PHASE 1 SERIES OF INJECTIONS BY "GLOBALFOAM-SP” OR “GLOBALFOAM-3V” AD INTERVAL 0,75-1,5 M. - LENGTH 2 - 21 M. HOLES

PHASE 2 SERIES OF INJECTIONS BY "GLOBALFOAM-SP” OR “GLOBALFOAM-3V” - LENGTH 2 - 21 M. HOLES

FIBERGLASS MICROPILE 6,00 M + 15 ÷21 M

FIBERGLASS MICROPILE 6,00 M + 15 ÷21 M

TBM-EPB

EXAMPLE FACE STABILIZATION TREATMENT

EXAMPLE OF PRATICAL BASIS FOR INJECTION WORKS IN TUNNELLING EXPLORATION RANGE (40 – 100 m ADVANCED) – GRIPPER-TBM

PHASE 1 - PROBE DRILLING AHEAD - 37 GUIDE HOLES AT 360° WITHIN THE GRIPPER SHIELD - 8° INCLINATION, DN100

PHASE 2 – ROOF BOLTING, ROCK ANCHORS - 28 GUIDE HOLES AT 360° WITHIN THE TAIL SHIELD - 18° INCLINATION, DN100

“SHALLOW ANGLE COLLARING TO DRILL HOLES”

“SHALLOW ANGLE COLLARING TO DRILL HOLES”

EXAMPLE OF PRE-TREATMENT OF THE GROUND IN FRONT OF THE TBM-DSU (DOUBLE-SHIELD-UNIVERSAL)

INJECTIONS “GLOBALFOAM-SP” OR “GLOBALFOAM -3V”

BEFORE THE TBM-DSU ARE MADE A SERIES OF HOLES WHERE ARE BITS A SERIES OF TUBES IN GLASS-FIBER AND THEN INJECTED WITH “GLOBALFOAM-SP“, “GLOBALFOAM-3V” OR “GLOBALFOAM-PU” TO INCREASE THE COHESION OF SOIL

TO PREVENT FAILURE (SEE NEXT SAMPLE)

EXAMPLE INJECTION AND CAVITY FILLING SYSTEM

COLLAPSED MATERIAL CONSOLIDATED WITH “GLOBALFOAM-SP”

IN DRIVING TUNNELS AND WHEN WORKING THROUGH TUNNELS AND FAULT AREAS. “GLOBALFOAM-SP” IS USED TO STABILISE ROCK FORMATIONS AND SEAL OFF WATER

BEARING STRATA

GLOBALFOAM-SP

PRE- INJECTION GLOBALFOAM-SP

EXAMPLES OF CONSOLIDATION OF LAND AND ROCKS BEFORE TUNNELING (01 – 04)

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EXAMPLE OF PROTECTION OF MANUFACTURED AND STABILITY OF

'THE LAND BEFORE DIGGING A TUNNEL FOR UNDERGROUND

EXAMPLE OF CONSOLIDATION TYPE “TENT" UNDER THE ROADS AND MANUFACTURED

BEFORE DIGGING A TUNNEL FOR UNDERGROUND

“JET-GROUTING” OR CHEMICAL RESIN “GLOBALSTONE” OR “GLOBALSTONE-LV”

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EXAMPLE OF CONSOLIDATION OF MANUFACTURED WITH POLES TYPE “JET-GROUTING" BEFORE DIGGING A TUNNEL

FOR UNDERGROUND

EXAMPLE OF A CONSOLIDATION OF RAILWAY LINE WITH POLES TYPE “JET-

GROUTING" BEFORE DIGGING A TUNNEL FOR UNDERGROUND

“JET-GROUTING” OR CHEMICAL RESIN “GLOBALSTONE” OR “GLOBALSTONE-LV”

EXAMPLE OF CONSOLIDATION PROVIDED FOR THE ENFORCEMENT OF AN

EXCAVATION FLAP IN AN UNDERGROUND TUNNEL

EXAMPLE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF AN AIMED CONSOLIDATION OF A TUNNEL

EXCAVATION ADJACENT TO THE METROPOLITAN FABRICA

“JET-GROUTING” OR CHEMICAL RESIN “GLOBALSTONE” OR “GLOBALSTONE-LV”

“JET-GROUTING” OR CHEMICAL RESIN “GLOBALSTONE” OR “GLOBALSTONE-LV”

FIBERGLASS MICROPILE

FIBERGLASS MICROPILE

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EXAMPLE OF CONSOLIDATION OF LAND AND ROCKS BEFORE TUNNELING (DIG IN WITH TRADITIONAL)

FIBERGLASS MICROPILE CHEMICAL RESIN “GLOBALSTONE” OR “GLOBALSTONE-LV”

TUNNEL ENLARGED OLD TUNNEL ENLARGE

PHASE 1 JET-GROUTUING

PHASE 2 INJECTION

GLOBALSTONE OR GLOBALSTONE-LV

CONSOLIDATION AND RESTORATION OF OUR EXISTING STRUCTURE DEFORMATION DUE TO PUSH SIDE OF LAND (01-08)

PHASE 01

PHASE 02

SCOPE OF CONSOLIDATION AND RESTORATION OF EXISTING LAND VERY ALLER AU PUSHING

VIEW OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE TUNNEL DEFORMATION WITH SETTLE THE PIERS AT AN ANGLE

BOLTS – 26 MM.

INJECTIONS “GLOBALSTONE” OR “GLOBALSTONE-LV”

EXAMPLE OF A METAL FIXING TYPE TM 45/58 OR TH 45/58

DIFFERENTIAL GLIDING

PHASE 03

PHASE 04

PHASE 05

PHASE 06

PHASE 1 SERIES OF INJECTIONS BY "GLOBALFOAM-SP” OR “GLOBALFOAM-3V” AD INTERVAL 0,75-1,5 M. - LENGTH 1,5 – 2,5 M. HOLES

PHASE 2 SERIES OF INJECTIONS CEMENT MIXTURE TO RANGE 2 - 4 M. - LENGTH 4 - 12 M. HOLES

REALIZATION OF SLAB REPLACEMENT IN ARMED INVERT SO ENSURE THE

CONTINUITY OF GEOMETRIC AND MECHANICAL

INJECTIONS “GLOBALFOAM-SP” OR “GLOBALFOAM -3V”

INJECTIONS “CEMENT MIXTURE”

PHASE 1

PHASE 07

PHASE 08

SEEN IN PERSPECTIVE OF THE ANCHOR RIBS METAL (TM45/58) HARD WITH BOLTS

SECTIONAL VIEW OF THE ANCHOR RIBS METAL HARD WITH BOLTS

UNP220 – L = 0,90 M. TM 45/58

BOLTS – 26 MM.

PRODUCT SHEETS GLOBALCHIMICA

ROCK INJECTION

- Fast setting pre-injection systems - Cavity filling - Ground stabilization

ANCHORING - Perfect for vertical and overhead grouting - Rock bolting INJECTION - Pre-injection for water stopping and ground consolidation - Post-injection for strata consolidation, cavity filling and water stopping

FIELDS OF APPLICATION IN TUNNELLING, MINING AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING - Sealing of cracks, sealing against water, sealing against pressing water, sealing of excavations, sealing against gas, sealing of anchor heads, installation of injection anchors, rock stabilization, injections in unconsolidated ground, rock consolidation, filling of cavities, TBM excavations, .............

GLOBALFOAM-SP

Organic-mineral two components resin foam, characterized by low viscosity, excellent chemical stability, mechanical resistance and good adhesion on rock stabilization, cavity filling, protection and water proofing of reservoirs and aqueducts, water conveyance in water bearing stratum. GLOBALFOAM WR

Polyurethane resin, self-estinguishing, suited for sealing of cracks, joints, cavity filling, and for consolidation of crushed manufacture made of stone or cement, in presence of dampness. In contact with water starts a chemical reaction that forms a closed-cells consolidating foam, which is waterproof and has a good chemical stability. GLOBALFOAM PU-NF

Two-component polyurethane injection foaming-resin, self-extinguishing, ensuring high reactivity, excellent mechanical strength and chemical stability; designed for waterproofing and consolidation of rocks, friable land and structures affected by high-pressure water, as well as to convey water in aquifers and fill voids and cavities. It penetrates into the smaller fissures and seals them even against significant water infiltration. It always hardens, with or without water .It forms a stable, resistant, hard yet flexible foam, characterised by high chemical-mechanical stability.

POLYMERS RESINS FOR TUNNEL

GLOBALSTONE

Ideal for water-proofing fractured rock, consolidation of loose land and rock, crack and cavity filling. Also designed for construction, lining and insulating materials, protection and water-proofing of reservoirs and aqueducts, water conveyance in water-bearing stratum. This resin is especially suitable for bonding injection drill bolts because the resin cure within just a few minutes and the bolt can be loaded in a very short time. It is a rapid-hardening and rapid-curing silicate resins. It is free of CFC and halogen. It may be used with overhead boreholes with large diameters as well since it hardens very quickly right after mixing. GLOBALSTONE-LV

Organic-mineral two components resin, not expansible, characterized by low viscosity, excellent chemical stability, mechanical resistance and flexibility. Ideal for water-proofing fractured rock, consolidation of loose land and rock, crack and cavity filling. Also designed for construction, lining and insulating materials, protection and water-proofing of reservoirs and aqueducts, water conveyance in water-bearing stratum. Especially suitable for bonding injection drill bolts because the resins cure within just a few minutes and the bolt can be loaded in a very short time. GLOBALFOAM-PH

It is a two component injection product, intended for cavity filling, air and gas sealing and the consolidation of highly fractures strata. It is applied using a metering pump and mixing gun. The special properties of GLOBALFOAM-PH (rapid application, high expansion rate, high compressive strength, fire resistance and excellent antistatic properties) produce a cost-effective, quick and safe cavity filling solution. As it is classified as fire resistant, GLOBALFOAM-PH is also suitable for sealing off underground heating, for aiding fire-fighting operation in deep mines and to stop gas leaks.

GLOBALFOAM-3V

Organic-mineral two components resin foam, characterized by excellent chemical stability, mechanical resistance and good adhesion on rock, suitable to fill the hollow-spaces behind the ashlars, cavity filling, protection and water proofing of reservoirs and aqueducts, water conveyance in water bearing stratum, gas leaks stopping. Foaming reaction doesn’t suffer from presence of water. It is self extinguishing, absolutely non-toxic and non-pollutant.

GLOBALFOAM-AS

It is a high performance liquid foaming agent based on special biodegradable anionic surfactants, studied to treat clayey and sandy grounds in mining and tunnels dug with full-section mechanical cutter. It produces very stable foam and it can be dilute in both fresh and salt waters, even with a high degree of hardness. GLOBALCRYL-46

It is a liquid polymer synthetic high molecular weight, formulated with special copolymers acrylamide / sodium acrylate, suitable treatment of the sludge in preparation work drilling land and civil engineering. It is as translucent milky liquid medium viscosity, extremely easy to disperse in water, which hydrolyzes forming solutions clear and highly viscous.

DUST STOPPING IN TUNNEL

GLOBALSTONE

Ideal for water-proofing fractured rock, consolidation of loose land and rock, crack and cavity filling. Also designed for construction, lining and insulating materials, protection and water-proofing of reservoirs and aqueducts, water conveyance in water-bearing stratum. This resin is especially suitable for bonding injection drill bolts because the resin cure within just a few minutes and the bolt can be loaded in a very short time

It is a rapid-hardening and rapid-curing silicate resins. It is free of CFC and halogen. It may be used with overhead boreholes with large diameters as well since it hardens very quickly right after mixing. GLOBALSTONE- LV

Organic-mineral two components resin, not expansible, characterized by low viscosity, excellent chemical stability, mechanical resistance and flexibility. Ideal for water-proofing fractured rock, consolidation of loose land and rock, crack and cavity filling. Also designed for construction, lining and insulating materials, protection and water-proofing of reservoirs and aqueducts, water conveyance in water-bearing stratum. Especially suitable for bonding injection drill bolts because the resins cure within just a few minutes and the bolt can be loaded in a very short time

ROCK BOLTING SYSTEM FOR TUNNEL

BONDING OF ANCHOR RODS AND GRP BOLTS FOR SECURING OF THE ROOF IN GATEROADS

FOR SECURING THE RIBS

EXPOSURE OF OUR PRODUCTS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE FAIRS

prof. ing. Luigi Franco, LAMANNA

INDIPENDENT CONSULTANT

Tunnelling Consultant Specialized in Mechanized Tunnelling with

Hard Rock TBM and Soft Soil EPB Shields

Expert and Consultant in structural reinforcement

E-mail: info @ epc-consulting.it epc.consulting.italia @ gmail.com

132, via dei Serpenti – 00184 ROME, ITALY, U.E.

INDUSTRIAL FACTORY: GLOBALCHIMICA srl

16-18, via del Boschetto

10040 LOMBARDORE (TORINO) – ITALY - U.E.

E-mail: info @ globalchimica.com

TECHNICAL AND COMMERCIAL DEPARTMENT:

DIVISIONS:

- TUNNELLING

- MINING

- CIVIL ENGINEERING UNDERGROUND ENG.

- TBM-EPB (GREASE-SEALANTS, SOIL CONDITIONING FOAMS AND POLIMERS)

E.P.C. CONSULTING srl

Prof . Eng. LAMANNA LUIGI FRANCO

132, via dei Serpenti – 00184 ROME – ITALY - U.E.

E-mail: info @ epc-consulting.it / epc.cons@ virgilio.it / epc.consulting.italia @ gmail.com

TECHNICAL SALES: Indipendent Consultant Mining and Tunnelling Consultant Specialized in Mechanized Tunnelling with Hard Rock TBM and Soft Soil EPB Shields

Prof. Ing. LAMANNA LUIGI FRANCO 132, via dei Serpenti - 00184 ROMA – ITALY – U.E. INTERNET: www.epc-consulting.it E-MAIL: info @ epc-consulting.it lamannaluigifranco @ gmail.com