Technologies for First RespondersKnow WHERE They Are and HOW They Are

Precision Indoor Personnel Location and Tracking for Emergency RespondersTechnology Workshop, August 4-6, 2008

Jalal MaparProgram ManagerInfrastructure & Geophysical DivisionScience and Technology DirectorateAug 5, 2008

• S&T Organization & IPT Process• First Responder Technologies

– Location Tracking and Monitoring– Physiological Health Monitoring

• Q&A

Topics

3

Explosives Command, Control& Interoperability Borders/

Maritime

Human Factors

Infrastructure/Geophysical

Director of InnovationDirector of Research Director of Transition

Chem/Bio

(Research)(Applications)

(Innovation)

U/S for Science and Technology

Sec Dir Research

Sec Dir Transition

Sec Dir Research

Sec Dir Transition

Sec Dir Research

Sec Dir Transition

Sec Dir Research

Sec Dir Transition

Sec Dir Research

Sec Dir Transition

Sec Dir Research

Sec Dir Transition

DHS S&T Directorate

4

Infrastructure and Geophysical DivisionObjectives

Develop capabilities to identify and mitigate the vulnerabilities of the 17 critical infrastructure and improve the ability of the Nation to prepare for, respond to, and recover from all-hazards emergencies to keep our society and economy functioning

Program ElementsCritical Infrastructure ProtectionPreparedness & ResponseGeophysical

ObjectivesDevelop capabilities to identify and mitigate the vulnerabilities of the 17 critical infrastructure and improve the ability of the Nation to prepare for, respond to, and recover from all-hazards emergencies to keep our society and economy functioning

Program ElementsCritical Infrastructure ProtectionPreparedness & ResponseGeophysicalPreparedness & Response

5

Preparedness & ResponseObjectives

Enhance first responders ability to prepare for, respond to and recover from all-hazards emergencies through development and deployment of enabling technologies

CustomerDHS/FEMA (primary), and others (CBP, CG, TSA, …)

End-User44,000 Emergency Response Organizations 18,000 Law Enforcement Agencies30,000 Fire Departments83,000 State/Local Governments

ObjectivesEnhance first responders ability to prepare for, respond

to and recover from all-hazards emergencies through development and deployment of enabling technologies

CustomerDHS/FEMA (primary), and others (CBP, CG, TSA, …)

End-User44,000 Emergency Response Organizations 18,000 Law Enforcement Agencies30,000 Fire Departments83,000 State/Local Governments

6

Customer

T&E

U/S Cohen established the Capstone IPT Process to focus on customer needs

IPT Chaired by customer

DHS Management(Acquisition)

S&T Provider

End User

Building a Better Product Team

7

DHS Requirements/Capability Capstone IPTsDHS S&T Product – “Enabling Homeland Capabilities” (EHCs)

OIA

Acquisition

CBP/ICE

Acquisition AcquisitionC2I Borders/Maritime

OOC Inspector/Agents Policy

Acquisition Acquisition

ExplosivesBorders/Maritime

Guardsmen

CMO/IP

Information Sharing/Mgmt Border Security Chem/Bio Defense

Explosive PreventionMaritime Security

Agents

People Screening Infrastructure Protection

Acquisition Acquisition

US VISIT/TSA

Human Factors

Infrastructure/Geophysical

SCO/CIS IP

USCG TSA/USSS

Cargo Security

Officers/Industry

Acquisition/Policy Borders/

Maritime

Acquisition

Infrastructure/Geophysical/C2I

Infrastructure Owners/Operators

CBP

Chem/Bio

Cyber SecurityCS&C

InfrastructureOwners/Operators

Incident Management

Acquisition

First Responders

FEMA

Infrastructure/Geophysical

Prep & Response

C2I

First Responders

Acquisition

InteroperabilityFEMA/OEC

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High Priority Technology Needs

• Location Tracking System– Provide real-time location

positioning and monitoring of first responders

• Physiological Health Monitoring– Provide real-time health status of

first responders to Responders and Incident Commanders

Responder Technologies

Critical Technologies to Provide Situational Awareness and Save Lives

Critical Technologies to Provide Situational Awareness and Save Lives

“The Inter Agency Board, a working group of first responders that identifies and approves technologies for use by police, fire and ambulance services, has listed the development of a 3-D tracking system as one of its top research priorities … Commanders want icons on a screen showing them where all their personnel are, especially while they’re inside buildings … “

Chief Bob Ingram, FDNY and IAB ChairmanNational Defense Magazine, March 2008

http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/issues/2008/March/Tracking.htm

Locate 1st Responders in X, Y, and Z

Capability to Requirements

• Capability Need– Allow emergency managers,

including fire chiefs and other incident commanders, to rapidly and effectively deploy and re-deploy their forces or understand and respond to the consequences of potential threats to their forces

– Accurately locate and track incident responders in X-Y-Z

• Targeted situation areas–Inside of threatened

buildings–Collapsed buildings–Subterranean facilities or

underground

REQUIREMENTS• Specify the location of its host in three dimensions within 6

meters (3 meters desired) • *Assume building is not instrumented*

• Function in the extreme operational environments encountered by emergency responders

• Incident life of 2 hours or longer (4 hours desired)• Include a distress button and indicator of non-movement• Wirelessly transmit inside or outside of structures and

through rubble to an off-site incident command post, on-site incident command posts, emergency responders

• Self-initializing, calibrating, adjusting, and with diagnostic capabilities to ensure speed and reliability

• Resistant to potentially damaging electrical charge, protected from potentially dangerous gases, impact resistant, and waterproof

• Operate outside all buildings and inside of almost all buildings, no matter their structural state and environmental conditions

• Primary incident command posts should be able to monitor the status of the locator and its host from a radial distance from 30 meters to 100 meters (per relay)

• Base station is a combination of additional communications equipment and the laptop/portable computer and required software.

• Base station software must be able to display location and identification of personnel.

• Base station software must be able to link the unique identifier of the locator to a specific individual

• Base station must include visualization tools to allow incident commanders and site personnel to easily interpret incoming displayed information

• And many more …

Current Solution & ActivitiesSummary:• No viable single solution exist• Best approach is the “Cocktail Solution”• Current technology solution

GPS, Radio Frequency Ranging (UWB), Inertial Navigation System (INS), Barometric Altimeter, Wireless Mesh Network, …, visual display for the incident commander

• Responder wears the unit that transmits location info via a wireless network to a command post

Plan and Schedule:• Develop Prototype 3D Locator Hardware – FY07

• Critical Design – FY07• Small scale testing – FY07

• Prototype visual imaging and tracking – FY08• Pilot first responder 3D Locator System in major

urban areas across the U.S. – FY08/FY09• Improve accuracy to better than 3m – FY09• Enhance range and signal penetration in urban

environment – FY09/FY10

Current Technology Components

Wireless Ad-Hoc Network

Navigation Fusion

Altimeter

Inertial Magnetometer

GPSRF Ranging

900 MHzData Communications Link

Ranging Link

IMU/Magnetometer(MicroStrain)

3DM-GX1

FalcomJP-15

HoneywellPPT0015AFN2VAB

GPS Antenna

MSSIRMR

ICIMobiquity

BluetoothTo Main Unit

Installed onICI Board

BT

Bluetooth Antenna

Bluetooth Antenna

Shared Navigation ConOps

Fireman “A”Precision 2D from networkThird axis from altimeter

Fireman “B”Precision 2D from combination of network & GPSThird axis from altimeter

Ranging Exchange

Inertial/Pedometer/Altimeter

GPS

Magnetometer

A

B

Wireless Ad-Hoc Network

Navigation Fusion Engine

A-GPSInertialAltimeterRF Ranging Magnetometer

Inter/Intra-Links

Navigation Technologies

Prototype Unit

Latest Test Results

Let’s go to the video

Muscatatuck Urban Training Center (MUTC)

with JFCOM

Future Enhancements• System robustness• Improved accuracy• Form/Fit/Function• Ranging• Cost reduction• T&E with large groups of 1st Responders

– Current plan: NY (Aug), Seattle (Sep), Cincinnati (Aug), Chicago (Aug)

• Algorithms, SW• Network, bandwidth• Integration of new components

High Priority Technology Needs

Physiological Monitoring- Statistics

Source: The New England Journal Of Medicine, March 22, 2007 vol. 356 no. 12

Physiological Monitoring• Capability Need

• Prevent fire ground deaths and the attendant risks they present to other firefighters and responders

• A highly reliable metric and notification system for on scene identification of firefighters who are at significant risk of an immediate cardio-vascular or cerebral-vascular incident

• Know when to pull them out• An integrated sensor package

that will monitor a responder’s vital signs

• A baseline for the overall physical health of the responder

REQUIREMENTS• Alert both the wearer and command staff monitoring

emergency responders warnings of physiological irregularities

• Non-invasive• Able to be integrated with existing personal protective

equipment• Interoperable with different types of PASS devices• Able to be used in all forms of structures• Cost TBD/unit• Sensor components• Other parameters:

– Max Range to The Furthest Access Point Or Node– User Density– Size (Weight, Dimension) – Power– Auto Alarm & Alarm Management– False Alarm Error Rate – Data Fusion Accuracy– Physiological Status Accuracy– Battery Life– Data Collection & Storage – Data Collection & Storage W/ Wireless Comms– Upload/Download Capable– Wireless Communications– Security (Encryption)– Visualization of Personnel Vitals– And many more …

• Sensors– Heart rate, pulse oximetery, blood pressure, body temp, …

• Operation– Environment, size, weight, …

• Algorithm– Data fusion, decision aid, …

• Metrics– Baseline parameters, thresholds, …

• Cost

Physiological Monitoring

Planned FY09 ProgramPlanned FY09 Program