predavanje3: umetnost starog bliskog istoka · darius and xerxes receiving tribute, apadana,...
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Predavanje 3:
Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka
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Sumer
3500 BCE-2340 BCE
Tehnoloski razvitak:
• Cuvanje i dovodjenje vode
•Tocak
•Plug
Pismo:
Pocetakpisane istorije
Nezavisni gradovi-drzavesa
svojim:
• Bozanstvima / zastitnicima
gradova
• Institucionalizvanom upravom:
Vladar,
Svestenstvo,
Administracija, Vojska
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Beli hram i zigurat,
Uruk (Warka), Irakca. 3200–3000 BC
Hram posvecen Anu, boginji Neba
Zigurat visok oko 12m
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Beli hram, Uruk (Warka), Irak ca. 3200–3000 BCErekonstrukcija (S. E. Piggott)
Cela Oltar
Cella Altar
HRAM – prilaz po izlomljenoj osi
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Votivne skulpture, Kvadratni Hram, Esnana (modern Tell Asmar), Irak
ca. 2700 BCE
2’ 6” high. Iraq Museum, Baghdad.
Votivne figure
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3,400-3,200 BCE Piktogrami
3,000-2,800 BCE Klinasti znakovi
2,700 BCE Kompleksne gramaticke
konstrukcije
cuneus (Latin) - klin
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Standard (zastava) iz Ura, „Ratna‟ strana, Kraljevsko groblje, Ur (Tell Muqayyar), Irak
ca. 2600 BCEWood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli, and red limestone, approx. 8” x 1’ 7”. British Museum, London.
3 horizontalna registra
Hijerarhijske proporcije
Kombinovani izgled: Profil + ¾
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Standard iz Ura, „Mirna‟ syrana, Kraljevsko groblje, Ur (Tell Muqayyar), Irak
ca. 2600 BCEWood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli, and red limestone, approx. 8” x 1’ 7”. British Museum, London.
3 horizontalna registra
Hijerarhijske proporcije
Kombinovani izgled:
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AKAD
ca. 2340 PNE-2180
PNE
ca. 2340 PNE: Sumer potpadaju pod vlast
akadskog vodje Sargona I
Gradovi-drzave gube
autonomiju
Pocetak centralizovane
vlasti
ca. 2180 PNE:
Invazija Guta
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Glava akadskog vodje
Niniva (moderni Kuyunjik), Irak
ca. 2250–2200 BCECopper, 1’ 2 3/8” high. Iraq Museum, Baghdad.
Suplje liveni bakar
Namerno ostecenje
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Pobednicka stela Naram-Sina, Susa, Iran
2254–2218 BCEPink sandstone, approx. 6’ 7” high. Louvre, Paris.
Hierarhijske proporcije
Kombinovani pogled
Tekst
Naznaka pejzaza
Pobednicka vojska vs. pobedjeni neprijatelj
Naram-Sin kao kralj-Bog
Stela – Uspravna kamena ploca
Stela, stelae (pl.) – Latin: potporac
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ca. 2150 BCE:
Obnova Sumera
Neo-Sumerska drzava
Vladari – kraljevi iz Ura
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Zigurat (sveroistocnafasadasa rekonstruisanim stepenistem), Ur (Tell Muqayyar), Irak
ca. 2100 BCEOsnova 62.5x43m (205‟x141‟)
Posveceno boginji Meseca Nani (Nana- Inana, Sin, Ištar)
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Gudea sa planom hrama
Girsu (Telloh), Irakca. 2100 BCE
Diorit, 2‟ 5”
Louvre, Paris.
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Uloga kralja/
Reka nosilac zivota sa ribom
Natpisi
Votivna skulptura Gudee
Girsu, Iraq
C. 2090
Diorit, 29”,
Louvre, Paris
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ca. 2000 BCE:Neo-Sumersko carstvo
pada pod vlast Elamita
Nestabilan period u cel;oj
Mesopotamiji
Vavilonski kralj
Hamurabi
(1792-1750 BCE) ponovo ujedinjuje region i
obnavlja centralizovanu
drzavu
Zakon
ca. 1595 BCE:Vavilon pada pod vlast
Hetita.
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Stela sa Hamurabijevim zakonon, Susa, Iran
ca. 1780 BCE.
Bazalt, approx. 7’ 4” high. Louvre, Paris.
300 zakonskih odredniva
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Stela sa hamurabijevim zakonom, Susa, Iran
ca. 1780 BCE.
Bazalt, approx. 7’ 4” high. Louvre, Paris.
Šamaš –Bog Sunca I Bog Pravde
Atributi:
Suncevi zraci
Kupasta kapa sa rogovima
Raboš / Lenjir
Klupko konopca…
…tron, planina. Hierarhijske proporcije
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Hetiti
ca. 1600-1200 BCE
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Lavlja kapija, Hatuša (Hatussha , sada Boghazköy), Turkey, ca. 1400 BCE.Limestone, lions approx. 7’ high.
Heraldicka kompozicija
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The Ancient Near East
Neo-Asirsko carstvo
934 BCE - 612 BCE
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Citadela Sargona II, Dur Šarukin (Dur Sharrukin, Khorsabad), Irak
ca. 720–705 BCE Reconstrukcija (Charles Altman).
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Lamasu(krilati bik sa covecijom glavom
Citadela of Sargona II, Dur Dur Šarukin
(Khorsabad), Irak
ca. 720–705 BCE
Krecnjak, approx. 13’ 10” high. Louvre, Paris.
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Neo-Vavilonsko Carstvo
(612 BCE – 538 BCE)
612 Neo-Vaviloncizauzimaju Ninivu
605-562 Navukadonosor II
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Kapija boginje Ištar
(restaurisana), Vavilon, Irakca. 575 BCE.
Glazirana opeka. Staatliche Museum,
Berlin.
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Ahemenidsko Persijsko carstvo
(538 BCE – 330 BCE)Ja sam Darije, velicanstveni Kralj, Kralj kraljeva, Kralj zemalja, Kralj ove Zemlje
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232m2 Drvena tavanica oslonjena na 18 stubova, visokih 12m
Kraljevska dvorana za audijencije (Apadana), Persepolis, Iranca. 521–465 BCE
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Kapitel
Baza
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Persepolis, Palace of Darius I, Detail of the South Façade
c. 500
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61Procesioni friz (detalj) na terasi kraljevske dvorane za prijem (Apadana), Persepolis, Iran
ca. 521–465 BCE
•…, predstavnici 23 nacije
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Darije i Kserks primaju pocasti
Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran
491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m)