prediction of juice quality from fruit analysis · Æble temadag taastrup, 14-11-2012 slide 1 mabel...
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Æble temadag Taastrup, 14-11-2012Slide 1
Mabel Martínez Vega
PhD Student
Supervisors:
Brian Grout
Torben Toldam-Andersen
Dvoralai Wulfsohn
Prediction of juice quality from fruit analysis
Æble temadag Taastrup, 14-11-2012Slide 2
Fruit Material
LevelsMeasurement
Dates Cultivars
Aroma
Rajka
HolsteinerCox
Ingrid Marie
1
1
2
2
1
2
• Sugar• Firmness• Acidity• Sug/acid• Starch• Color• Aroma• sensory
Quality traits
Æble temadag Taastrup, 14-11-2012Slide 5
Sugar content, 10 trees (Pometum)
Variety: 'Aroma'. Date 1
Tree
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
SS
C (
%B
rix)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Sug
arC
onte
nt (
%B
rix)
Variety: 'Rajka'. Date 1
Tree
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11S
SC
(%
Brix
)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Sug
arC
onte
nt (
%B
rix)
Æble temadag Taastrup, 14-11-2012Slide 6
Science and Variability
Author/s Method Area of study
Barrit et al. 1987, Krishnaprakash et al. 1983
Random sampling Effects of fruit position and light
De Silva et al. 2000, Kainer et al. 2001, Skrede et al. 2011, Woodward et al. 2011),
Random sampling Fruit variation
Gutrie and Walsh 1999, McGlone et al. 2002, Hernández et al. 2003, Chauchard et al. 2004, Qing and Zude 2007, Mendoza et al. 2012
Random sampling Fruit quality prediction
H.J. Gundersen, 1987 The fractionator , systematic sampling
Medicine
Gardi et al. 2006, 2007; Dorph- Petersen et al. 2000,
Different uses of Systematic Uniform Random sampling
Medicine,
Æble temadag Taastrup, 14-11-2012Slide 8
Applications of SUR sampling: The fractionator
Number of flowers in a tree, fruit yieldSource: (Maletti et al. 2004, Wulfsohn et al. 2011)
Æble temadag Taastrup, 14-11-2012Slide 9
Objectives
1. To obtain representative samples in order to study the
quality variability of early and late season apple varieties
2. To explore relationships between fruit and juice quality
3. To evaluate feasibility of non-destructive methods to predict
fruit and juice quality
Æble temadag Taastrup, 14-11-2012Slide 10
Sugar content, 10 trees (Pometum)
Variety: 'Aroma'. Date 1
Tree
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
SS
C (
%B
rix)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Sug
arC
onte
nt (
%B
rix)
Variety: 'Rajka'. Date 1
Tree
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11S
SC
(%
Brix
)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Sug
arC
onte
nt (
%B
rix)
Æble temadag Taastrup, 14-11-2012Slide 11
Sugar Content and fruit position on the tree
Variety: Rajka D1
low high
SS
C (
%B
rix)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Variety: 'Aroma'. Date 1
low high
SS
C (
%B
rix)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Low = apples under 1.56 m High = apples over 1.56 m
(In agreement with: Barritt et al. 1987, Volz et al. 1995, Warrington et al. 1996)
Æble temadag Taastrup, 14-11-2012Slide 12
An example of skin color and sugar content
9,2 11 11,1 11,3 11,4 11,5 11,7 11,9 12,1 12,3 12,4 12,5 12,7 13,3 13,5 14,1 15,1
‘Aroma 2010’
Æble temadag Taastrup, 14-11-2012Slide 13
Commercial Orchard: ‘Fuji’ Chile (7.6ha)
Distribution of Caliber (18.2 kg box)
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
135 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40
Caliber
Fre
quen
cy
Sample
Packing Export
N= 70 apples
Distribution of fruit size class
Size class (mm)
Parameter Standard Range in sample % of exportquality
Firmness (kg) 6.4-9-1 5.9-10-4 86%
Sugar content(%Brix)
> 12% 12.1 – 18.6 100%
Starch index (10 scale)
5-7 4 - 10 43%
Æble temadag Taastrup, 14-11-2012Slide 14
• The Samples who showed extreme values of sugar seem to
come from the upper part of the trees
• No clear relationships between internal quality and skin
color were found
• It was possible to produce an early fruit quality evaluation
for a commercial apple plantation
Æble temadag Taastrup, 14-11-2012Slide 15
Objectives
1. To obtain representative samples in order to study the
quality variability of early and late season apple varieties
2. To explore relationships between fruit and juice quality
3. To evaluate feasibility of non-destructive methods to predict
fruit and juice quality
Æble temadag Taastrup, 14-11-2012Slide 16
Fruit Quality
Quality
Aroma Rajka Holsteiner Cox Ingrid Marie
5 days 10 Days 5 days 10 Days 5 days 10 Days 5 days 10 Days
No. 102 94 96 90 111 115 105 76
Sugar/acid 15.8 16.9 21.9 24.5 17.7 19.7 18.2 20.7
Streif 0.13 0.04 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.18 0.08
Juice Quality
Quality
Aroma Rajka Holsteiner Cox Ingrid Marie
5 days 10 Days 5 days 10 Days 5 days 10 Days 5 days 10 Days
Sugar/acid 14.3 17.1 20.3 23.8 17.8 20.5 18.5 25.76
Æble temadag Taastrup, 14-11-2012Slide 18
Aroma Rajka H. Cox Ingrid Marie
‘normal applesmell’
‘fresh apple flavor’ ‘Complex applesmell’
‘complex fruittones’
Date 1Cis-3-hexenolEthyl-2-methylpropanoate
Date 22-propanoneButyl 2 methyl butanoateEthyl-2-butenoate
Date 1Methyl propanoateEthyl-2-methylpropanoate
Date 2Cis-3-hexenol
Date 11-pentanol Hexanol2-methyl-1-propanol2-methyl-1-propanolPentanal 2-pentanone2-nonanone2-heptanoneMethyl acetate*Ethyl acetate*
Date 2Propanol2-butanol2-methyl butanal2-butanonePropyl acetateButyl propanoate
Date 1ButanalHexanal*t-2-hexenalpentil acetatemethyl butanoateethyl butanoatepropyl butanoatebutyl butanoatemethyl hexanoate
Date 11-pentanol Hexanol2-methyl-1-propanol2-methyl-1-propanolPentanal 2-pentanone2-nonanone2-heptanoneMethyl acetate*Ethyl acetate*
Harvest date
Æble temadag Taastrup, 14-11-2012Slide 19
• Apple varieties collected at the end of the harvest season
developed more complex and appealing aroma taste after
a postharvest period
• sugar/acidity ratio between fruit and their juice was similar
Æble temadag Taastrup, 14-11-2012Slide 20
Objectives
1. To obtain representative samples in order to study the
quality variability of early and late season apple varieties
2. To explore relationships between fruit and juice quality
3. To evaluate feasibility of non-destructive methods to predict
fruit and juice quality
Æble temadag Taastrup, 14-11-2012Slide 24
Fruit sugar content calibration model (%Brix)
Actual (%Brix)
Predicted (%Brix)Variety ‘Aroma’
R=0.78SEC=0.66 (%Brix)
Æble temadag Taastrup, 14-11-2012Slide 25
Predictive spectral regions for sugar content . Variety ‘Aroma’
Fruit sugar content bands of interest (%Brix)
Æble temadag Taastrup, 14-11-2012Slide 26
The juice calibration model for sugar content obtained from fruit spectra
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Hcox B-2 Hcox B-1
Ingrid A-2 Ingrid A-1
Ingrid B
Hcox A-2
Rajka B-1 Hcox A-1
Predicted PC#4
Rajka A-1
Aroma B-2
Rajka B-2
Aroma B-1 Rajka A-2 Aroma A-1 Aroma A-2
Actual Brix (%)
Predicted Brix (%)
R = 0.92 SEC= 0.95
Æble temadag Taastrup, 14-11-2012Slide 27
Conclusions
• It was possible to model fruit quality from sets of representative samples
• Postharvest results in juice quality enhancement but betterquality control of quality in the field is necesary to avoidpost harvest fruit disorders (e.g. Patulin)