predictions of diffraction at the lhc compared to experimental results konstantin goulianos the...
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Predictions of Diffraction at the LHC Compared to Experimental
ResultsKonstantin Goulianos The Rockefeller University
1
http://physics.rockefeller.edu/dino/my.html
ICNFP-2013, Kolymbari Predictions of Diffraction at the LHC K. Goulianos
International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics (ICNFP-2013)Aug 28 – Sep 5, 2013, Kolymbari, Crete, Greece
http://indico.cern.ch/event/icnfp2013
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Total pp cross section: predicted in a unitarized parton model approach, which does not employ eikonalization and does not depend on the -value.
Diffractive cross sections: SD - single dissociation: one of the protons dissociates. DD - double dissociation: both protons dissociate. CD – central diffraction: neither proton dissociates, but there is
central diffractive production of particles. Triple-Pomeron coupling: uniquely determined.
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This is an updated version of a talk presented at EDS-2013.
CONTENTS
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DIFFRACTION IN QCD
Diffractive events
Colorless vacuum exchange
-gaps not suppressed
Non-diffractive events
color-exchange -gaps exponentially suppressed
POMERON
Goal: probe the QCD nature of the diffractive exchange
rapidity gap
p p p p
p
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DEFINITIONS
MX
dN/d
,t
p’rap-gap
=-ln0s
eEΣξ
iηtower-iT
all1iCAL
s
M2Xξ1- Lx
ln s
22 M
1
dM
dσ
ξ
1
dξ
dσconstant
Δηd
dσ
0t
ln Mx2
ln s
since no radiation no price paid for increasingdiffractive-gap width
pp
MX
pp’
SINGLE DIFFRACTION
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Forward momentum loss
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DIFFRACTION AT CDF
Single Diffraction orSingle Dissociation
Double Diffraction or Double Dissociation
Double Pom. Exchange or Central Dissociation
Single + DoubleDiffraction (SDD)
SD DD DPE/CD SDD
Elastic scattering Total cross sectionT=Im fel (t=0)
OPTICALTHEOREM
gap
JJ, b, J/W ppJJ…ee… exclusive
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Basic and combined diffractive processes
Basic and combineddiffractive processes
4-gap diffractive process-Snowmass 2001- http://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/0110240
gap
SD
DD
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KG-PLB 358, 379 (1995)
Regge theory – values of so & gPPP?
Parameters: s0, s0' and g(t) set s0‘ = s0 (universal IP ) determine s0 and gPPP – how?
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(t)=(0)+′t (0)=1+
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A complicatiion… Unitarity!
A complication … Unitarity!
sd grows faster than t as s increases unitarity violation at high s
(similarly for partial x-sections in impact parameter space)
the unitarity limit is already reached at √s ~ 2 TeV !
need unitarization
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Factor of ~8 (~5)suppression at √s = 1800 (540) GeV
diffractive x-section suppressed relative to Regge prediction as √s increases
see KG, PLB 358, 379 (1995)
1800
GeV
540
GeV
M,t
p
p
p’
√s=22 GeV
RENORMALIZATION
Regge
FACTORIZATION BREAKING IN SOFT DIFFRACTION
CDF
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Interpret flux as gap formation probability that saturates when it reaches unity
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Gap probability (re)normalize to unity
Single diffraction renormalized - 1
yy
yt ,2 independent variables:
t
colorfactor
17.0)0(
)(
ppIP
IPIPIP tg
gap probability sub-energy x-section
KG CORFU-2001: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0203141
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yoyt
p eetFCyddt
d
222
)(
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Single diffraction renormalized - 2
17.0)0(
)(
ppIP
IPIPIP tg
color
factor
Experimentally: KG&JM, PRD 59 (114017) 1999
QCD:
104.0,02.017.0
pIP
IPIPIPg
ICNFP-2013, Kolymbari Predictions of Diffraction at the LHC K. Goulianos 11
18.03
125.0
8
175.0
121f
1
1f
2
Q
NN cq
cg
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Single diffraction renormalized - 3
constsb
sssd
ln
ln~
set to unity determines so
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M2 distribution: dataM2 distribution: data
KG&JM, PRD 59 (1999) 114017
factorization breaks down to ensure M2 scaling!
ε12
2ε
2 )(M
s
dM
dσ
Regge
1
Independent of s over 6 orders of magnitude in M2
M2 scaling
ddM2|t=-0.05 ~ independent of s over 6 orders of magnitude!
data
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Scale s0 and PPP coupling
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Two free parameters: so and gPPP
Obtain product gPPP•so from SD
Renormalized Pomeron flux determines so
Get unique solution for gPPP
Pomeron-proton x-section
os
)(s /2o tgPPP
Pomeron flux: interpret as gap probabilityset to unity: determines gPPP and s0 KG, PLB 358 (1995) 379
)sξ()ξ,t(fdtdξ
σdIP/pIP/p
SD2
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Saturation at low Q2 and small x
figure from a talk by Edmond Iancu
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DD at CDF
renormalized
gap probability x-section
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Rapidity gaps in fireworks!Fermilab1989Opening night at Chez Leon
Rapidity Gaps in Fireworks
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SDD at CDF
Excellent agreement between data and MBR (MinBiasRockefeller) MC
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Total, elastic & inelastic cross sections
GeV2
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KG Moriond 2011, arXiv:1105.1916
elp±p =tot×(eltot), with eltot from CMG
small extrapol. from 1.8 to 7 and up to 50 TeV )
CMG
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The total x-section
√sF=22 GeV
98 ± 8 mb at 7 TeV109 ±12 mb at 14 TeV
Main error from s0
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Reducing the uncertainty in s0
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glue-ball-like object “superball” mass 1.9 GeV ms
2= 3.7 GeV agrees with RENORM so=3.7
Error in s0 can be reduced by factor ~4 from a fit to these data!
reduces error in t.
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TOTEM results vs PYTHIA8-MBR
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inrl7 TeV= 72.9 ±1.5 mb inrl
8 TeV= 74.7 ±1.7 mbTOTEM, G. Latino talk at MPI@LHC, CERN 2012
MBR: 71.1±5 mb
superball ± 1.2 mb
RENORM: 72.3±1.2 mbRENORM: 71.1±1.2 mb
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SD and DD cross sections vs predictions
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KG*: from CMS measurements after extrapolation into low using the KG model.
Includes ND background
KG*
KG*
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CD/DPE at CDF
Excellent agreement between data and MBR low and high masses are correctly implemented
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Difractive cross sections
1=0.9, 2=0.1, b1=4.6 GeV-2, b2=0.6 GeV-2, s′=s e-y, =0.17, 2(0)=0, s0=1 GeV2, 0=2.82 mb or 7.25 GeV-2
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Inelastic cross sections at LHC vs predictions
TOTEPYTHIA8+MBR
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Monte Carlo Strategy for the LHC …
tot from SUPERBALL model optical theorem Im fel(t=0) dispersion relations Re fel(t=0) el using global fit
inel = tot-el
differential SD from RENORM use nesting of final states forpp collisions at the P -p sub-energy √s' Strategy similar to that of MBR used in CDF based on multiplicities from:
K. Goulianos, Phys. Lett. B 193 (1987) 151 pp“A new statistical description of hardonic and e+e− multiplicity distributios “
T
optical theoremIm fel(t=0)
dispersion relationsRe fel(t=0)
MONTE CARLO STRATEGY
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Monte Carlo algorithm - nesting
y'c
Profile of a pp inelastic collision
y‘ < y'min
hadronize
y′ > y'min
generate central gap
repeat until y' < y'min
ln s′=y′
evolve every cluster similarly
gap gapno gap
final stateof MC
w/no-gaps
t
gap gap gap
t t t1 t2
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SUMMARY
Introduction
Diffractive cross sections:
basic: SD1,SD2, DD, CD (DPE)
combined: multigap x-sections
ND no diffractive gaps:
this is the only final state to be tuned
Total, elastic, and total inelastic cross sections
Monte Carlo strategy for the LHC – “nesting”
derived from NDand QCD color factors
Thank you for your attention
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Images
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Fermilab 1971First American-Soviet Collaboration
Elastic, diffractive and total cross sections
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At the gorge of Samaria (1980)-I
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At the gorge of Samaria (1980)-II
with R. Feynman – a day of jokes!
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Opening night at Chez Leon
Fermilab1989Opening night at Chez Leon
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The End
The End!