Predictions

• Predict how the Empires in the Americas, Africa and Asia, built by Europeans rulers during the Age of Exploration, will affect Europe’s monarchs.

• Predict what they might do with their increased wealth?– (What would you buy if you won the lottery?)

• What would you do with ABSOLUTE power?– (What do you think the difference is between Monarchy

& Absolute Monarchy?)– What will move Kings and Queens from Monarchy to

Absolute Monarchy?

The Age of Absolutism – 1550 - 1800Absolute Monarchy

“It’s Good to be the King”

Where do leaders get their power from?

Middle Ages

Renaissance

Age of Exploration

Age of Absolutism

How are Absolute Monarchs Possible?Causes of the Age of Absolutism

• Long Term Causes –– Decline of Feudalism (lords, and lesser nobility

loss power)– Rise of cities and the middle class (merchants)– Growth of national kingdoms… large nations

rather than small princedoms • Analysis transition choppy

Why Absolute Monarchs? • Immediate causes – Religious and territorial conflicts created fear and

uncertainty – The growth of armies to deal with conflicts caused

rulers to raise taxes in order to pay troops • Armies give the monarchs more power but raising taxes

causes more unrest… leading to revolts

– Age of Exploration and the increase of wealthy rulers • the importation of gold, and other natural resources

from the Americas, Africa and Asia makes the monarchs very wealthy and gives them a lot of power.

Warm up #1 – Key Terms for Unit 3Vocabulary builder – find this in your packet

Vocabulary word 1st definition 2nd definition – in your own wordsAbsolute Free from imperfections;

complete; perfect

Divine Proceeding from God or a god

Right What is good, proper or just

Power The ability to do or act; the capacity to do something

Government The form or system of rule by which a state, or community is run

Absolute Monarchies • Absolutism• a system of government in which a

ruler has complete authority over the government and lives of the people– Control Political, Social and Economic

aspects of the country

– Based upon Divine Right – the idea that God had given the King

Central Understanding for this Unit• The time period 1550 – 1800, known as the ‘Age

of Absolutism,’ was one in which monarchs (Kings and Queens) of Europe Exercised Absolute (Total) control over all aspects of their states.”– Political: Laws, punishments, foreign and domestic

Policy, taxes, etc. – Social: culture, religion, customs, etc. – Economic: Trade, tariffs, taxes, national budgets, etc.

Which of the following statements do you agree with? And Why?

• A). A government leader should never have absolute authority.

• B). A government leader can exercise absolute authority if it will help advance a country’s economy.

• C). A governmental leader can exercise absolute authority when a country is under attack.

• D). A government leader can exercise absolute authority whenever it will advance a country’s interests.

How do Governments and Governmental leaders demonstrate Power?

Why do you think our capital building was designed to look like this?

What does a cities landscape show about the government?

How does the US government demonstrate power?

Spain and Absolute Rulers

1. Charles V inherits two crownsA. Rules the Hapsburg Empire

a) Hapsburgs Family – ruling family that controlled many European Countries and Colonies

i. Examples: ii. Spain ----- New Spain, Philippines, Peruiii. Netherlands ------New Netherlands, Spice Islandsiv. Southern Italy

B. Abdicated his throne (feels overwhelmed, too many people and cultures to unite)

a) Divides Empire in two - Spanish Hapsburgs and Austrian Hapsburgs

i. Spain, Philip II = gets Spain, Netherlands and their coloniesii. Austrian Hapsburgs = Austria, small Germanic States in Holy Roman

Empire

Holy Roman Emperor1519 - 1556

Lands Controlled by Philip II of Spain In Yellow

Catholic: Spain, France, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Italian States

Protestant: England, Netherlands, Sweden, the Swiss Fed., Prussia

Muslim: Ottoman Empire

Philip II of Spain

2. Philip II A. Goals – unite people under his total authority,

grow Spain’s power and defend the Catholic faith

a) *Conflicts associated with Reformation still occurring Catholic vs. Protestant States

B. Methods to Achieve Goals (how Philip II becomes an Absolute Monarch)

a). Increase authority over Spain's…. i. Politics ii. Society iii. Economy

Absolutism under Philip IIHow Philip II Absolutely controls the Politics of Spain

i. Politicsa. Domestic

Centralized all political authority and controlled all government affairs himself from his palace (El Escorial)

Refused all advisorsi. Anxious that others would attempt to take his powerii. Decision making was Very slow

b. Foreign Wars – to increase Spain’s power and enforce Catholicism Marriages - alliances with other nations (while wives are

alive) Marries 4 times (England, Portugal, France and the Holy

Roman Empire)

Absolutism under Philip II ii. Social

a. Religion Enforces religious unity (everyone

Catholic) Inquisition against his own subjects

Strengthen Catholicism and possibly remove political opponents

b. Impact on Art and Architecture Builds el Escorial , supports the arts

Absolutism under Philip IIiii. Economic

a. Imported millions of pounds of gold from Americas

Spent a huge amount of money on various projects Art, literature, architecture Wars and the Inquisition Philip II spends huge amounts on these

projects and despite gold coming from Americas goes through several bankruptcies (spends more than Spain makes)

3. Why are buildings a good visual display of Power?What other buildings are built to display power?

Warm Up Question1. How might you describe this building? 2. What assumptions would you make about the

government that built this palace?

El Escorial• The Façade / Architecture

• The building was both a monastery and a Spanish royal palace

• Architect who worked on St. Peter’s basilica.

• Built as a monument to demonstrate Spain’s role as the center of the Christian world.

El Escorial• Library at El Escorial • Philip II

wanted to build one of the finest libraries in the world

• More than 40,000 books

• Mable floors, frescoes on ceilings

El Escorial• Man made lake on the grounds

El Escorial• The grounds

San Lorenzo el Real at El Escorial

Why are Visuals so powerful?

Visual Demonstrations of Power during the Age of Absolutism

Visual Demonstrations of Power

Absolutism in Art

How do Governments and Governmental leaders demonstrate Power?

What are some ways that our government limits the power that one person can have?

• What would happen if we didn’t have these limitations?

Video

• Escorial – – http://www.youtube.co

m/watch?v=_OUIKm8e7Y0

What are leaders responsible for?

• List jobs -