pregnancy and lactation life cycle nutrition. prior to pregnancy achieve and maintain a healthy body...
TRANSCRIPT
Pregnancy and
Lactation
Life Cycle Nutrition
Prior To Pregnancy
• Achieve and maintain a healthy body weight
• Choose and adequate and balanced diet
• Be physically active• Avoid harmful influences
Weight Prior To Conception
• Underweight– Preterm
• Overweight and obesity– Post term– Cesarean section
Weight Gain
Weight Gain
#2 b
Weight Gain#4 c#4 c
#4 c
Exercise During Pregnancy
Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson LearningCopyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Energy And Nutrient Needs
#6 c #13 b,c
Nutrition-Related Concerns
• Nausea• Constipation and hemorrhoids• Heartburn• Food cravings and aversions• Non-Food cravings
–Pica #7 d #8 b
Nutrition-Related Concerns
Nutrition-Related Concerns
High-Risk Pregnancies
High-Risk Pregnancies
Infant’s Birth Weight
• Low birthweight (LBW)– Criteria: 5 ½ pounds– Causes:
•Mother’s weight•Mother’s nutritional status•Mother’s age
#1 b #11 d #12 a
Maternal Health• Preexisting diabetes• Gestational diabetes• Pre-existing hypertension• Transient hypertension of pregnancy• Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia• Pregnancy in adolescents• Pregnancy in older women
– Down’s Syndrome
Practices Incompatible With Pregnancy
• Alcohol; caffeine• Illicit drugs; medicinal drugs• Herbal supplements• Smoking; chewing tobacco (SIDS)• Environmental contaminants• Vitamin/Mineral megadoses• Weight-loss dieting• Sugar substitutes
Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding
Practices Incompatible With Lactation
• Alcohol; smoking; caffeine
• Illicit drugs; medicinal drugs
• Environmental contaminants
#16 b
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
#9 d
Alcohol• Prenatal alcohol exposure
– Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder = ARND
– Alcohol-related birth defects = ARBD
Alcohol• Drinking during pregnancy
• How much is too much?
• When is the damage done?– 1st trimester – brain, heart, kidney– 2nd trimester – increased abortion– 3rd trimester – growth retardation