Pregnancy

What are some signs that a woman might be

pregnant?

Early Signs of Pregnancy1. A Missed Menstrual Period

2. Fullness or Ache in Abdomen

3. Tired or Faint

4. Nausea

5. Need to Urinate More Often

6. Tenderness in Breasts

She is pregnant, now what? • Calculate the due date• Choose a prenatal

caregiver

• Continue to eat healthy

• Exercise appropriately• Be prepared for early

symptoms (nausea)

• Decide when tell others

• Expect body changes• Follow the baby's

development

• Figure out finances

• Sign up for a newsletter

• Join a birth club

• Pick up a book, or two• Start brainstorming

names

What to Expect at the 1st Doctor’s Visit

1. Blood Pressure

2. Weight

3. Medical History

4. Measure Pelvis

5. Analyze Urine• Infection• Diabetes• High blood pressure

(Preeclampsia – reduces blood flow which affects organs)

6. Blood Tests• Anemia • Rh factor• Immunity to rubella

(German measles)

Pregnancy Doctor Visits

Until month 6: Once a month Months 7-8: Twice a month

Month 9: Once a week

Possible Discomforts of Pregnancy

1.Nausea

2. Sleepiness

3. Heartburn

4. Shortness of Breath

5. Varicose Veins

6. Muscle Cramps in Legs

7. Lower Back Pain

Possible Issues During Pregnancy

• Vaginal bleeding

• Unusual weight gain

• Excessive thirst• Painful or reduced

urination

• Severe abdominal pain

• Persistent headaches

If any of these issues happen during pregnancy, contact the doctor right away.

Possible Issues During Pregnancy continued

• Severe vomiting

• Fever• Swelling of face, hands, ankles

• Blurred vision, dizziness

• Prolonged backache

• Increased vaginal mucus

If any of these issues happen during pregnancy, contact the doctor right away.

Possible Pregnancy Complications

• Ectopic Pregnancy– the fertilized egg stays in the fallopian tube

instead of moving into the uterus

• Gestational Diabetes – a form of diabetes that occurs only during

pregnancy– Can result in a heavier Baby

• Preeclampsia– High blood pressure and protein in mother’s

urine

• Anemia– A lack of iron resulting in poor appetite, fatigue,

and weakness

Possible Pregnancy Complications Rhesus (Rh) factor

• Inherited trait• Specific protein found on

the surface of red blood cells. – If your blood has the

protein, you're Rh positive the most common Rh

factor. – If your blood lacks the

protein, you're Rh negative.• Doesn't affect mother’s

health• Can affect pregnancy if

the mother is Rh negative and baby's father is Rh positive.

• Mother’s blood will produce antibodies that will attack the protein in the fetus’s blood

• Does not affect the first pregnancy

• Prevention - An injection of immunoglobulin before pregnancy

STDs and Pregnancy

• STD/STI Chart – Risks, Method of Transfer, Treatment

Click on image for link

Weight Gain

Nutritional needs during pregnancy

Pregnancy nutrition is essential for a healthy baby

Adopt a healthy eating plan before pregnancy

The food we eat on a daily basis affects how:• our bodies work• we heal and grow• we maintain energy and strength

Pregnancy is the one time in a woman’s life when her eating habits directly affect another person

Your Turn:Research using the internet on your phone

Scenario: As a recently hired intern at a prenatal clinic, you are ask to assist a prenatal nutritionist. She requests that you to do some research to prepare for a meeting with a new client.

She asks you to complete the following:• Find three healthy food items that women should be

eating while pregnant and why they are a healthy choice.

• Also, find three food items that women should avoid eating while pregnant and why they should not be eaten.

Nutrition During PregnancyReference Slides

Nutrition for Pregnancy: ProteinExperts recommend 75 to 100 grams of protein per day.

Protein in your foods positively affects the growth of fetal tissue, including the brain.

It also helps your breast and uterine tissue to grow during pregnancy.

It plays a helping part in your increasing blood supply.

Examples of daily sources of protein:2-3 servings of meat (1 serving = approximately 3 ounces/ size of a deck of cards)fully cooked fish or seafoodliverchickenlean beeflambporknuts (1 serving = approximately ⅓ cup)tofu (1 serving = approximately ½ cup)

2-3 servings of legumes (1 serving = approximately ½ cup)split peasred and white kidney beansblack beansnavy beansblack-eyed peaschick peas (garbanzo beans)

Pregnancy Nutrition: Calcium and Iron

Pregnancy Nutrition: CalciumDaily requirement of calcium is around 1000 milligrams during pregnancy.  Calcium helps your body regulate fluids, and it helps build your baby’s bones and tooth buds.

Examples of daily sources of calcium:3-4 servings of dairymilk (1 serving = 1 cup)eggs (1 serving = 1 large egg)yogurt (1 serving = 1cup)pasteurized cheese (1 serving = approximately 1.5 ounces/ or 4 playing dice stacked together)tofu (1 serving = ½ cup)white beans (1 serving = approximately ½ cup)almonds (1 serving = approximately ⅓ cup)salmon (1 serving = approximately 3 ounces)turnip greens (1 serving = approximately 1 cup)cabbage (1 serving = approximately 1 cup)

Nutrition for Pregnancy: IronIn combination with sodium, potassium, and water, iron helps increase your blood volume and prevent anemia. A daily intake of 27 milligrams is ideal during pregnancy.

Examples of daily sources of iron:2-3 servings of green leafy vegetables (1 serving = approximately 1 cup)collard, turnip, spinach, lettuce, cabbage3 servings of whole grains (1 serving = approximately. ½ cup or one slice)bread, cornmeal ,cereal oatmeal2-3 servings of lean protein (1 serving = approximately 3 ounces / size of a deck of cards)beef, seafood, poultry

Pregnancy Nutrition: Folate/Folic Acid and Vitamin CNutrition for Pregnancy: Folate/Folic Acid Folic acid plays a key role in reducing the risk of neural tube defects, including spina bifida. Experts recommend 600 to 800 micrograms (.6 to .8 milligrams) daily.Examples of daily sources of folate:2 servings of dark green leafy vegetables (1 serving = approximately 1 cup)Collard, turnip, spinach, lettuce, cabbage2-3 servings of fruit (1 serving = approximately ½ cup)Orange, strawberry, lemon, mango, tomato, grapefruit, kiwi, melon3 serving of whole grain (1 serving = approximately ½ cup or 1 slice)Bread, cornmeal, cereal, oatmeal2 servings of legumes (1 serving = approximately ½ cup)split peas, red and white kidney beans, black beans, navy beans, black-eyed peas, chick peas (garbanzo beans)

Nutrition for Pregnancy: Vitamin CFruits and vegetables rich in Vitamin C will help with wound healing, tooth and bone development, and promotes metabolic processes. Experts recommend at least 85 milligrams per day.Examples of daily sources of Vitamin C:3 servings of fruit or vegetables (1 serving = approximately ½ cup)Orange, strawberry, lemon, mango, tomato, grapefruit, kiwi, melon, potato, peppers

Food to Avoid During Pregnancy• Raw meat• Deli meat• Fish with mercury• Smoked seafood • Fish exposed to industrial pollutants• Raw shellfish• Raw eggs• Soft cheeses • Unpasteurized milk• Pate • Unwashed vegetables• Caffeine• Alcohol