preliminary model payloads for the ganymede lander and the relay orbiter 7 march, 2013...
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Preliminary model payloads for the Ganymede Lander and the
Relay orbiter
7 March, 2013
Laplace-Ganymede lander mission
Oleg Korablev, [email protected]
• Detailed reconnaissance from JUICE for choosing the Ganymede Lander landing site
• Landing using (ESA) Visual Navigation System IF AVAILABLE• OR a Lander robust against severe surface roughness IF POSSIBLE• Telecommunication via JUICE, IF LOGISTICS PERMIT
Dedicated Ganymede orbiter for TELECOMMUNICATION, additional meter-scale mapping of the selected landing site and (some limited) SCIENCE
+ +
JUICE Relay OrbiterGanymede Lander
Ganymede Lander Mission: play safe !
• Form (an ambition of) direct search for life on Europa to determining the habitability of Ganymede: Traces of life might have reached the surface IN THE PAST– Establishing geophysical and chemical context for habitability – Lander is to provide ground truth for remote measurements and
enhance the detection limits
• Orbiter: – Landing site selection (in addition to high-resolution mapping from
JUICE)– To complement JUICE (2-points observations, radioscience, etc.)– Other Jupiter system investigations, in particular those not included in
JUICE– Cruise investigations
Objectives
• Ocean– Crust depth– Salinity– Composition – …
• Habitability– Ice composition– Search for paleolife– …
• Environment
Science Themes
• Internal structure – Crust/ocean depth– Core size– …
• Surface– Regolith/ice
composition– Conditions– …
• Exosphere • Magnetosphere
OR OR…
Instrument Conditions Composition Habitability Prototype Mass(estimated)
Seismometer OPTIMISM/Mars 96 495g +electronics
Magnetometer MMO Bepi Colombo 770g
TV camera set CIVA/Rosetta; Phobos 11 1200g
Optical microscope Beagle-2; Phobos 11 300g
IR spectroscopy No direct prototype;
technique well established
(2000g)
IR close-up spectrometer
CIVA/RosettaMicrOmega/ExoMars (1000g)
GCMS
GAP/Phobos 11; COSAC/Rosetta (5000g)
Wet chemistry set (option 1) Urey/ExoMars1 2000g
Immuno-arrays (option 2) SOLID/ExoMars1 (1000g)
Raman spectroscopy RAMAN-LIBS/ExoMars1 1100g2
Laser-ablation MS LASMA/Phobos 11 1000g
XRS (TBD) No prototype (2000g)
Various sensors MUPUS/Rosetta 2350g
Radiation dose RADOM/Chandrayaan-1 100g
20315gLargely applicable to Ganymede? No account for aux systems
Europa Lander Model Payload
• A set of instruments on the Lander– Assume max mass of instruments and aux systems of 50 kg
(cf talk Maxim Martynov) to include: • instruments; • sampling device(s);• Deployment• Data handling• Radiation protection for instruments out of common compartment
• Penetrator(s)
Ganymede Surface Science
• T surf = 103K average• Acceleration = 0.13 g• Orb. period = 3.55 d• Regolith thickness largely unknown, several
meters reworked and refrozen• Sublimated uppermost layer of few mms,
below 1 cm
• To be released from the orbit• Mass 5-15 kg• Payload <2 kg
Penetrators
• Set of context instruments– Panoramic camera (stereo, filters or color) mast– Various sensors (temperature, conductivity, radiation, etc)
• Geophysical package– Magnetometer boom– Radioscience– Seismometer/gravimeter/tiltmeter
• Geochemistry– Contact (GCMS, Raman, XRD/XRS, …) robotic arm, sample preparation,
close-up camera– Remote (IR spectroscopy, LIBS) mast
• Environment– MS for atmosphere– Plasma/wave, ENA, Ion spectrometer
Lander instruments/systems
• Robotic arm with sampling device 3-5 kg – Heritage: Phobos-Grunt, Luna-Resource– Chomic-type perforator 1.4kg, heritage Rosetta– Scoop/sampling cylinder– Dedicated context and close-up cameras (mass ~ 500g) – 1-2 instruments (mass ~500 g)
• Drilling proposal: 10kg/400 mm depth – Heritage Luna 16
• Common sample preparation system for GCMS, XRD, etc ???– Heritage ExoMars/Pasteur
• Mast for Camera/LIBS/IR spectrometer – Periscope or some instruments outside?– Stereo camera (type Luna Lander, or other)– High-resolution camera (Type ExoMars)?– LIBS– IR spectrometer (type LIS, or ISEM)
• Magnetometer boom ~1.5 m• Data handling system
Lander instruments/systems
• Magnetometer (talk Auster)– mass within 1 kg – Deployment : boom!
• Radioscience– USO or phase conservation retransmitter 0.85 kg (talk Rosenblatt)– Ka-band communications (talk Gregnanin)
• Seismometer– No need for a state-of-the-art Mars-type device– Two-axis– Mass: <2 kg (?)– Deployment required or placement on the foot suffice?
• Gravimeter/tiltmeter 1.4 kg (talk Karatekin)• GPR (active or passive) (talks Hamelin/Przyklenk)
Geophysical package
• GCMS (talk Gerasimov)– Large MASS and POWER (5 kg/50 W) – Sample preparation
• LIBS (talks Pavlov, Kameda) mass likely 2-3kg– Remote– Only the upper few millimeters sounded regolith, altered, depleted in
volatiles• Raman
– Incompatible with a “remote” LIBS ?– High diagnostic potential – Possible complement of GCMS
• Laser ablation MS: element analysys• XRD/XRF: structure/element analysis
Surface composition/extinct life
• Magnetometer• MS for atmosphere
– MS from GCMS should be able to sound the atmosphere– Or a separate INMS?
• Plasma/wave set– Is a combination with GPR possible?
• ENA• Ion spectrometer
Environment
Instrument Conditions Composition Habitability Prototype Mass(estimated)
Seismometer/gravimeter/tiltmeter
OPTIMISM/Mars 96Luna-Resurce ~2000 g +shield
Magnetometer MMO Bepi Colombo 770g +boom
GPR ? 1000g
Mast 2000 gTV camera set
ExoMars, Luna Globe 1200g + mast +
shield
IR spectroscopy LIS Luna-Resource, ISEM ExoMars 1400 +shield?
LIBS ChemCam Curiosity 3000 (?)g +shield
Robotic arm + sampling 3500 gOptical microscope Beagle-2; CUPI/ExoMars 500g + shield
GCMS
GAP/Phobos 11; COSAC/Rosetta 6000g
XRD/XRF ExoMars XRD 1400g
Environmental package APX/ MER
Various sensors, electronic block
Rosetta, Luna Resource, 2500g
Radiation dose RADOM/Chandrayaan-1 100g
~25 000 g
An attempt to compile a model payload
• Reconnaissance– Full mapping from JUICE– Landing sites/target areas– WAC+HRC– Meter resolution required
• Magnetometer– Boom of several meters!
• Radioscience• Plasma/particle package (+cruise)• Dust detector/monitor (+cruise)• Some other investigations complementing/not included in
JUICE payload
Orbiter Payload
• A modest wish-list is already likely incompatible with the resources• (Much) more iterations and discussions are necessary • Proposed lander design is incompatible with the Mast, and likely many of
environment investigations: could a smaller Ka-band high-gain antenna solve the problem?
Proposal for the Discussion:To form few dedicated groups on science payloads• “Geophysics”• “Composition/Past or Present Habitability”• “Environment”• Landing siteAnd to compile papers accordingly for the ASR
Concluding remarks