prepared by: ayman naalweh mustafa mayyaleh nidal turkoman
DESCRIPTION
An-Najah National University Faculty of Engineering Civil Engineering Department Graduation Project: 3D Dynamic Soil Structure Interaction Design For Al-Manar Building Supervised By Dr: Imad AL-Qasem. Prepared by: Ayman Naalweh Mustafa Mayyaleh Nidal Turkoman. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Prepared by:Ayman Naalweh
Mustafa MayyalehNidal Turkoman
An-Najah National University
Faculty of EngineeringCivil Engineering Department
Graduation Project:
3D Dynamic Soil Structure Interaction Design For Al-Manar Building
Supervised By
Dr: Imad AL-Qasem
3D’s For Al-Manar Building
GRADUATION PROJECTDecember 2010
SUBJECTS TO BE COVERED
Abstract Chapter One : Introduction Chapter Two : Slab Chapter Three : Beams Chapter Four : Columns Chapter Five : Footing Chapter Six : Checks Chapter Seven : Dynamic Analysis Chapter Eight : Soil Structure Interaction
Abstract
AL-Manar building composed of seven stories office building. Each floor is composed of equal surface area of 1925 m2 with 3.5 meter height and long spans.
The building analyzed under static loads using SAP 2000v12.
After that the building was analyzed dynamically. Finally it was designed based on Soil Structure
Interaction (SSI).
INTRODUCTION
About the project: (AL-Manar) building in Ramallah, is an office building
consists of seven floors having the same area and height, the first floor will be used as a garage.
Philosophy of analysis & design:
SAP2000 V12 is used for analysis and ultimate design method is used for design of slab, the slab are carried over drop beams.
INTRODUCTION
Materials of construction: Reinforced concrete: (ρ) = 2.4 ton/m3 ,The required compressive strength after 28 days is fc = 250 kg/cm2, For footings fc =280 kg/cm2
For columns fc = 500 kg/cm2
Fy =4200 kg/cm2
Soil capacity = 3.5 kg/cm²
INTRODUCTION
loads:
Live load: LL=0.4 ton/m2 Dead load: DL=(Calculated By SAP) , SID= 0.3 ton/m2
Earthquake load: its represents the lateral load that comes from an earthquake.
INTRODUCTION
Combinations:
Ultimate load= 1.2D+1.6L
Codes Used: American Concrete Institute Code (ACI 318-05) Uniform Building Code 1997 (UBC97)
SLAB
One way solid slab is used : Thickness of slab: t = Ln/24 =12.9 cm use 15 cm ,d=12 cm Slab consists of two strips (strip 1 & 2)
SLAB
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN FOR SLAB : STRIP 1 :
SLAB
M+ve. = 1.28 ton.m
ρ= 0.0024As bottom = ρ* b* d = 2.8 cm2
Ast = ρ shrinkage * b*h = 0.0018*100*15= 2.7 cm2
Use 1 ф 12 mm /30 cm
SLAB
M –ve= 1.75 ton.m
ρ= 0.0028Ast top = 3.66 cm2
Use 1 ф 12 mm/ 25cmShrinkage steel = 1 ф 12 mm / 30 cmCheck shear : Vu= 2.95 ton at distance d from face of column. Ф Vc = ф (.53) (10) (b) (d) =0.75*0.53**10*1.0*0.12 = 7.54 ton > 2.95 ton. Ok
BEAMS
BEAMS SYSTEM: Beams will be designed using reaction method(Loads from
slab reactions) in this project, all the beams are dropped, multi spans and large space beams.
Beam 1(0.8*0.3)
Beam 2(0.8*0.4)
Girder 1(0.9*0.3)
Girder 2(0.9*0.6)
Ast TOP 15.01 cm2 43.7 cm2 39.7 cm2 97.68 cm2
# of bars 4 ф 22 mm 12 ф 22 mm 9ф 25 mm 20 ф 25 mm
Ast BOTTOM 14.40 cm2 41.32 cm2 32.6 cm2 78.5 cm2
# of bars 4 ф 22 mm 11 ф 22 mm 9 ф 22 mm 21 ф 22mm
BEAMS
DESIGN OF BEAM 1:
BEAMS
DESIGN OF BEAM 1:
BEAMS
DESIGN OF BEAM 1: Positive moment on beam 1: M+ve = 38.44 ton.m =0. 00624
As bottom = ρ* b*d = 14.4 cm2
As min = 0.0033*b*d=0.0033.*30*76=7.54 cm2 < 14.4 cm2
Use 4 ф 22 mm
BEAMS
DESIGN OF BEAM 1:Negative moment on beam 1: M -ve= 40.34 ton.m
ρ = 0.0066As top = 15.01 cm2
Use 4 ф 22 mm
Min. beam width = ndb +(n-1)S+2ds+2* cover
b min = 4(2.2)+ 3(2.5)+2(2.5) +2(1) =23.3 cm < 30 cm ok
COLUMNS
Columns System : Columns are used primarily to support axial compressive
loads, that coming from beams that stand over them. 24 columns in this project are classified into 2 groups
depending on the ultimate axial load and the shape. The ultimate axial load on each column is calculated from
3D SAP, and the reaction of beams as shown in next table :
3D (SAP)(ton)
Hand calculation
(ton)
3D (SAP)(ton)
Hand calculation
(ton)
C1 451.1 284.1 C13 858.3 759.8C2 901.8 711.4 C14 1425.5 1859.3C3 852 711.4 C15 1425.7 1859.3C4 462.6 284.1 C16 857 759.8C5 852.4 869.1 C17 852.6 869.1C6 1796 2126.2 C18 1786.9 2126.2C7 1723.4 2126.2 C19 1786.5 2126.2C8 863.1 869.1 C20 851.9 869.1C9 858.6 759.8 C21 453.1 284.1
C10 1425.4 1859.3 C22 895.9 711.4C11 1425.7 1859.3 C23 895.1 711.4C12 856.2 759.8 C24 451.8 284.1
COLUMNS
Design of columns: the capacity of column: ФPn max = ф λ {0.85 'c (Ag - Ast) + y Ast} 𝒇 ℱ Ast = 0.01 Ag (Assumed)
All columns are considered as short columns .
Column type Tied column Spiral columnФ 0.65 0.7λ 0.8 0.85
COLUMNS
Group (1) Group (2)C1 C13 C6C2 C16 C7C3 C17 C10C4 C20 C11C5 C21 C14C8 C22 C15C9 C23 C18C12 C24 C19
Columns Groups :
COLUMNS
Design columns in group (1): Pu = 980 ton Check buckling:
The column is short K: The effective length coefficient (=1 braced frame )Lu: unbraced length of the columnr: radius of gyration of the column cross sectionLet = 1 , = 16.67 < 22 → ok short column.
ФPn max = ф λ {0.85 'c (Ag - Ast) + y Ast}𝒇 ℱ
Let
b
b
MM
2
1
= 1
COLUMNS
Design columns in group (1):
→ Ag = 4073 cm2
Use 70*70 → Ag = 4900 cm2
→ Ast = 0.01× 4900 = 49 cm2 (use 20 Ф18)
Spacing between stirrups:Spacing between stirrups shall not exceed the least of the following: 1) At least dimension of the column = 70cm
2 )16db = 16*1.8 = 28.8 cm 3) 48ds = 48*1.0 = 48 cm
use Ties (1 ф 10 mm/25 cm c/c)
Let
= 1
COLUMNS :
Summary:Group 1 Group 2
Ultimate load (ton)
980 1900
dimensions (cm) 70*70 Dia. = 95
Reinforcement 20 Ф18 28 Ф18
Stirrups / Spiral Ф10 mm Ф10 mm
Spacing (cm) 25 5
cover (cm) 2.5 cm 2.5 cm
FOOTING :
FOOTING SYSTEM: All footings were designed as isolated footings. The design depends on the total axial load carried by
each column. Groups of footings :
Groups Footing
Group 1 F1, F4,F21,F24
Group 2 F2, F3,F5,F8,F9,F12,F13,F16,F17,F20, F22, F23
Group 3 F6,F7,F10,F11,F14,F15,F18,F19
FOOTING :
Summary :Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
Dimensions (m) 3.4*3.4 4.7*4.7 6.5*6.5
Thickness (cm) 70 110 130
Steel in x direction (cm2/m ) 17.62 23.12 37.6
Steel in y direction (cm2/m ) 17.62 23.12 37.6
Cover (cm) 5 5 5
FOOTING :
Group 2 using sap :
FOOTING :
Group 2 using sap :
Moment per meter in x& y =395.66/4.7= 84.18 ton.m/m Compare it with hand calculation Mu= 88.73 ton.m % of error = 88.73-84.18/84.14 = 5.4 %
FOOTING :
Tie Beam Design: Tie beams are beams used to connect between columns
necks, its work to provide resistance moments applied on the columns and to resist earthquakes load to provide limitation of footings movement.
Tie beam was designed based on minimum requirements with dimensions of 30 cm width and 50 cm depth.
Use minimum area of steel , with cover = 4 cm.
Ast Top bars Bottom bars stirrups4.46cm2 4 Φ 12 mm 4 Φ 12 mm 1 Φ 10 / 20cm
CHECKS
Check Compatibility: This requires that the structure behave as one unit, so the
computerized model should achieve compatibility, to be more approach to reality.
CHECKS
Check of equilibrium: Dead load:
Columns :
Type of column
Number of columns
dimensions (m)Weigh per
unit volume
weight (ton)
Tied 112 3.5 0.7 0.7 2.4 3.5*0.7*0.7*2.4*112 = 460.99
Spiral 563.5 D= 0.95 2.4
(π/4 *0.952 )*3.5*2.4*56= 333.42
Total 794.41
CHECKS
Slab : Area of slab =1846.2mWeight of slab = 1846.2*2.4*0.15*7 = 4652.42 tonBeams :
Type of beam
Number of beams
dimensions (m)
Total length
Weigh per unit volume
weight (ton)
Ground beams
1120.3 0.5 404.4 2.4 0.3*0.5*2.4*404.4 = 145.58
Beam 1 42 0.3 0.8 77 2.4 0.3*0.8*2.4*77*7 = 310.46Beam 2 98 0.4 0.8 516 2.4 0.4*0.8*2.4*516*7 = 2774.14Girder 1 112 0.3 0.9 102 2.4 0.3*0.9*2.4*102*7 = 462.71Girder 2 112 0.6 0.95 102 2.4 0.6*0.9*2.4*102*7 = 946.75
Total 4359.18
CHECKS
Super imposed dead load:Super imposed dead load = area of slab* Super imposed on slab
= 1846.2*0.3*7 = 3877.02 tonTotal dead load = columns +slabs +beams +super imposed
= 794.41+4652.42+3877.02+4359.18 =13683.03 ton
Results from SAP: Dead load = 13947.82 ton
Error in dead load: %of error = (13947.82 -13683.03)/ 13683.03 = 1.9% < 5% ok
CHECKS
Live load:Live load = area of slab* live load
= 1846.2*0.4*7 = 5169.36 ton
Results from SAP: Live load = 5169.36
Error in live load: %of error = (5169.36 - 5169.36 )/5169.36 = 0% < 5% ok
CHECKS
Check stress strain relationship:
Taking beam 1 as example:
Stress –Strain relationship is more difficult check compared with others, because of the large difference between values of 1D and 3D model, which usually appears during check .
Max M+ Ext. (Ton.m) Max M- Int. (Ton.m) 1D 3D %of error 1D 3D %of error
38.44 43.18 12.3 40.34 35.4 13.9
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
Period of structure : Fundamental period of structure depends on the nature of
building, in terms of mass and stiffness distribution in the building .
(Define area mass for building)
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
Check the modal response period from Sap by Rayleigh method
Approximate method calculation:Rayleigh law: period = 2 , Where:M = mass of floor
= displacement in direction of force (m)F: force on the slab (ton)
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
Level mass force delta mass*delta2 force*delta period (sec)
7 196.6 1846.2 1.97 762.9849 3637.0146 196.6 1846.2 1.88 694.863 3470.8565 196.6 1846.2 1.74 595.2262 3212.3884 196.6 1846.2 1.54 466.2566 2843.1483 196.6 1846.2 1.27 317.0961 2344.6742 196.6 1846.2 0.94 173.7158 1735.4281 196.6 1846.2 0.52 53.16064 960.024
sum 3063.303 18203.53 2.58
Rayleiph method calculation for 7 stories in x- direction :
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
Response spectrum : Analysis input:IE: seismic factor (importance factor) = 1.0
R: response modification factor (Ordinary frame) = 3 PGA: peak ground acceleration = 0.2 g
According to seismic map for Palestine (Ramallah city) Soil type: SB (Rock)
Ca: seismic coefficient for acceleration = 0.2Cv: seismic coefficient for velocity = 0.2Scale factor = = 3.27
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
Definition of response spectrum function :
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
Define of earthquake load case in x-direction :
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
Base reaction for Response Spectrum :
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
Summary:
Direction Modal period )sec (
Base Reaction of Qauke (ton)
Displacment )cm(
X-direction ( U1 ) 2.63 321.7 5.28
Y- direction ( U2 ) 2.15 393.3 4.64
SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION (SSI)
The process in which the response of the soil influences the motion of the structure and the motion of the structure influences the response of the soil is termed as soil-structure interaction (SSI).
Neglecting SSI is reasonable for light structures in relatively stiff soil such as low rise buildings, however, The effect of SSI becomes prominent for heavy structures resting on relatively soft soils .
SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION (SSI)
Soil structure model from SAP
SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION (SSI)
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN FOR BEAMS: Beam 1:
SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION (SSI)
M+ ext. = 32.73 ton.m
ρ= 0.0053 As bottom = ρ* bw* d = 12.0 cm2
SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION (SSI)
SUMMARY:Max M- Ext. Max M+ Ext. Max M- Int. Max M+ Int.
BEAM Normal1D
SSI3D
Normal1D
SSI3D
Normal1D
SSI3D
Normal1D
SSI3D
BEAM1 0 -58.21 38.44 32.73 -40.34 -35.86 0.32 17.37BEAM2 0 -109.32 96.69 57.93 -101.64 -40.35 2.06 18.02Girder1 0 -72.2 87.87 41.91 -103.58 -76.12 53.87 40.56Girder2 0 -155.28 220.14 100.7 -258.58 180.4 90.21 94.56
Ast cm2 Ast cm2 Ast cm2 Ast cm2
BEAM1 0 22.4 14.23 11.05 14.99 13.33 0.1 6.2BEAM2 0 48.3 41.32 23.08 43.9 15.64 0.8 6.7Girder1 0 25.86 31.1 14.4 39.68 27.7 17.93 13.38Girder2 0 52.01 78.49 32.68 93.9 62.8 28.84 31.12
SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION (SSI)
SUMMARY:Max S- Ext. Max S+ Ext. Max S- Int. Max S+ Int.
BEAM Normal1D
SSI3D
Normal1D
SSI3D
Normal1D
SSI3D
Normal1D
SSI3D
BEAM1 -13.85 -24.35 19.82 21.5 -14.34 -15.83 -13.85 14.34BEAM2 -36.8 -48.14 51.23 42.25 -37.07 -29.74 37.07 29.69Girder1 -26.95 -34.91 47.26 35.13 -39.16 -34.72 34.59 34.23Girder2 -66.83 -86.87 117.53 88.4 -98.42 -85.91 85.49 87.1
Spacing(Ф10)(cm)
Spacing(Ф10)(cm)
Spacing(Ф10)(cm)
Spacing(Ф10)(cm)
BEAM1 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35BEAM2 25 13 13 13 25 25 25 25Girder1 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20Girder2 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION (SSI)
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN FOR SLAB: STRIP 2:
SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION (SSI)
M+ ve=1.18 ton.m
b=100 cm, d=12 cm ρ = 0.00221 As bottom = ρ* b* d = 2.6 cm2
As min. =2.7 cm2
Use 1 ф 12 mm /30 cm
SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION (SSI)
SUMMARY: