preparing for future threats and regional challenges: the rok-u.s. military alliance in 2008-09 by...

8/3/2019 Preparing for Future Threats and Regional Challenges: The ROK-U.S. Military Alliance in 2008-09 by Bruce E. Bechto

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]vganlg ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) qcc

@gnecih xcpb Idvpb Kdvgn? Pnkcih \pdlk da 6==2

Id Bwhhcih Id Egnvicih

Jclbnge \lbcaagv ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) >

Idvpb Kdvgni ^wg|pcdi|? Pnkcih \pdlk da 6==2

Egg \bci*xbn ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) >7

Ldj}egpcih pbg \pvnpghcl Pvni|advjnpcdi? Pbg W)\) Jcecpnvs Neecnilg| xcpbKdvgn ni` On}ni

Pbg W)\)*On}ni Neecnilg ni` pbg W)\)*VDK Neecnilg

Onjg| ]vzs|pw} ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 0=>

Fgsdi` Fcenpgvne N}}vdnlbg|? Vghcdineczcih On}ni*Kdvgn Pgi|cdi|

P)O) ]gj}ge) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) >>3

Nepgvinpcqg Awpwvg|? W)\)*Kdvgn Gldidjcl Pcg| xcpb ni` xcpbdwp n Avgg

Pvn`g Nhvggjgip

Lni pbg W)\) ni` \dwpb Kdvgn \cih xcpbdwp KDVW\4 Pbg Gldidjcl

ni` \pvnpghcl Gaaglp| da pbg KDVW\ APN

Jnvk Jnisci% Xceecnj Ldd}gv) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) >73

Kdvgn*On}ni Gldidjcl Pcg|

Kdvgn? pbg Igrp N|cni `djcid ci Hedfne Lvc|c|

Vclbnv` Knpz ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) >88

LDIPGIP\


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\bcapcih \pvnpghcl ni` ]decpclne Vgenpcdi| xcpb pbg Kdvgn| 87

]VG]NVCIH ADV AWPWVG PBVGNP\ NI@

VGHCDINE LBNEEGIHG\?

PBG VDK*W)\) JCECPNVS NEECNILG CI 6==2=3

Fvwlg G) Fglbpde Ov)/

LDIPGIP\

C) Cipvd`wlpcdi

CC) VDK Jcecpnvs @gqged}jgip? Jnplbcih Ln}nfcecpcg|

pd pbg Pbvgnp

CCC) Lni pbg VDK Hdqgvijgip ]ns adv Igg`g` Ln}nfcecpcg|4

CQ) Xnvpcjg D}gvnpcdine Ldipvde?

Pbg Vchbp Jdqg np pbg Vchbp Pcjg4

Q) Ldilew|cdi|

/Fvwlg G) Fglbpde Ov) c| n }vdag||dv da cipgvinpcdine vgenpcdi| np pbg Jnvcig

Ldv}| Ldjjni` ni` \pnaa Ldeeghg) Pbg qcgx| gr}vg||g` ci pbc| }n}gv nvg pbd|g

da pbg nwpbdv ni` `d idp iglg||nvces vgstglp pbg dalcne }decls dv }d|cpcdi da pbg

Jnvcig Ldv}| Ldjjni` ni` \pnaa Ldeeghg% pbg Jnvcig Ldv}| Wicqgv|cps% dvpbg W)\) hdqgvijgip)


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81 W)\)Kdvgn Nln`gjcl \sj}d|cwj

C) Cipvd`wlpcdi

]vg|c`gip Egg Jswih*fnk xdi n eni`|ec`g qclpdvs ci 6==8) Bc| }d}wenvcps fgadvg

pbg geglpcdi xn| dfqcdw|% ni` cp lnjg n| n |wv}vc|g pd nejd|p id dig pbnp bg xdifs pbg envhg|p jnvhci |cilg gjdlvnpcl geglpcdi| v|p fghni pd fg bge` ci \dwpb

Kdvgn ci >328 "Dic|bc 6==8#) Jnis nines|p| nhvgg pbnp pbg |pvwhhecih gldidjs

ni` dpbgv c||wg| pbnp jnis Kdvgni| fgecgqg` pbg Vdb Jdd*bswi hdqgvijgip bn`

idp n``vg||g` qgvs xgee xgvg kgs ci bge}cih ldi|gvqnpcqg| dilg nhnci vgpwvi pd

}dxgv) Fwp nidpbgv kgs c||wg xn| Egg| |pvdih |pnilg di inpcdine `gagi|g ni`

pbg vgenpcdi|bc} xcpb xbnp vgjnci| ni wi}vg`clpnfeg ni` fgeechgvgip igchbfdv pd

pbg idvpbpbg @]VK) Ci`gg`% n| `c|pcihwc|bg` Idvpb Kdvgni nines|p Iclbden|

Gfgv|pn`p "6==8# |pnpg` adeedxcih pbg geglpcdi da 6==8?

\dwpb Kdvgni| xcilg` n| pbgcv hdqgvijgip vg}gnpg`es nf|pncig`

avdj W)I) qdpg| lvcpclczcih Idvpb Kdvgn adv bwjni vchbp|

nfw|g|) Pbgs hvwjfeg` n| pbgs |nx pbgcv pnr*awi`g` gldidjcl

ldd}gvnpcdi }vdoglp| xcpb pbg Idvpb `gqdeqg cipd ni gldidjcl

ecagecig adv n |pcee*bd|pceg hdqgvijgip ci ]sdihsnih) Ni` pbgs

xdvvcg` n| pbg wi`c|hwc|g` vcap xcpb Xn|bcihpdi dqgv pbg Idvpb

Kdvgni pbvgnp lvgnpg` wijc|pnknfeg |pvnci| ci pbg qcpne W)\)*\dwpb

Kdvgni neecnilg)

Egg| }vg|c`gils |bdx| n |bcap pd pbg lgipgv*vchbp ci pbg VDK geglpdvnpg "\pgcifgvh

6==2#)

\cilg Egg Jswih*fnk n||wjg` pbg }vg|c`gils da \dwpb Kdvgn% bg bn|

gildwipgvg` jnis lbneegihg|) Ci`gg`% Egg bn| fggi nllw|g` fs jnis di pbg

egap adv fgcih pdd bnv` di Idvpb Kdvgn ni` adv fvcihcih `calwepcg| fnlk cipd

pbg Idvpb*\dwpb vgenpcdi|bc} "pbdwhb ci vgnecps pbc| xn| nejd|p gipcvges n dig*

xns vgenpcdi|bc} `wvcih Vdb| n`jcic|pvnpcdi xbgi cp lnjg pd ldj}vdjc|g

ni` pvni|}nvgilsnejd|p grlew|cqges di pbg }nvp da \dwpb Kdvgn#)>

Fwp pbg|glvcpclc|j| bnqg idp hncig` ignves n| jwlb nppgipcdi n| pbd|g jdwipg` nhnci|p

Egg adv bc| g|cvg pd jdqg advxnv` di pbg avgg pvn`g nhvggjgip xcpb pbg Wicpg`

\pnpg|% xbclb xcee hcqg W)\) fgga cj}dvp| xbnp |djg lvcpcl| "wiancves ci js qcgx#

bnqg lneeg` wi|nag civdn`| cipd pbg \dwpb Kdvgni add` jnvkgp) Ci`gg`% pbg fgga

c||wg "pd pbg |wv}vc|g da jnis Njgvclni|# fglnjg n }vdjcigip c||wg ci \dwpb

Kdvgn ni` eg` pd lni`egechbp qchce|% }vdpg|p| ci pbg |pvggp% ni` xbnp njdwipg` pd

n eghcpcjnpg lvc|c| adv pbg Egg Jswih*fnk hdqgvijgip "Owii 6==2#)

>) Adv grnj}eg| da lvcpclc|j da Egg| Idvpb Kdvgn }declcg| avdj egap*da*lgipgv nines|p| ni`

}decpclcni|% |gg Pdedvnsn "6==2# ni` \bcj "6==2#)


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Nepbdwhb pbg fgga c||wg jns bnqg fggi ni gjdpcdine dig adv jnis Kdvgni|% cp

|ggj| pbgvg xn| jdvg pd cp pbni jggp| pbg gsg) Ci`gg`% jnis nines|p| bnqg |nc`

pbc| xn| ci vgnecps n jdqg fs pbg egap g|chig` pd |wfqgvp pbg igx hdqgvijgip da

Egg Jswih*fnk) N| Qclpdv Lbn "6==2#% n }vdag||dv np Hgdvhgpdxi Wicqgv|cps%vglgipes xvdpg?

Xbceg pbg pvchhgv adv Kdvgn| |gea*}nvneszcih `gjdi|pvnpcdi| xgvg

ldilgvi| nfdwp fgga% cp c| cilvgn|cihes n}}nvgip pbnp pbg c`gdedhclne

Egap ci Kdvgn% }w|bg` dwp da }dxgv napgv dqgv dig gln`g ci pbg |gnp

da pbg }vg|c`gils ni` ci ldipvde da pbg Inpcdine Eghc|enpwvgni`

xcpb id jnodv geglpcdi |lbg`weg` adv nidpbgv adwv sgnv|bnqg

pnkgi pbgcv }decpcl| pd pbg |pvggp| ci ni gaadvp pd |wfqgvp pbg v|p

ldi|gvqnpcqg hdqgvijgip Kdvgni hdqgvijgip ci n gln`g)

Lbn awvpbgv lwp pd pbg lvwr da pbg jnppgv xbgi bg xvdpg% Pbc| c| idp nfdwp edaps

idpcdi| da n igx Kdvgni inpcdinec|j% fwp nfdwp pbg }vcjcpcqg |pvwhheg adv }decpclne

}dxgv edih n }nvp da }decpcl| di pbg }gici|wen) Nlldv`cih pd }vg|| vg}dvp| "Knih

C) 6==2#% |gqgvne lcqcl hvdw}| ni` egap*da*lgipgv nlpcqc|p| nlpwnees }eniig` jnis

da pbg vneecg| xcpb pbg |}glcl cipgip da fvcihcih `dxi Egg| hdqgvijgip)

Xbceg pbg fgga c||wg bn| fggi pbg lgipgv da jd|p da pbg nppgipcdi ci \dwpb Kdvgn

ci vglgip jdipb|% ci js qcgx cp pddk nxns avdj dpbgv cj}dvpnip c||wg| pbnp jw|pfg n``vg||g`) N| pbc| c||wg bn| fghwi pd `cg dxi% pbg qgvs vgne lbneegihg| ni`

c||wg| pbnp anlg Egg| hdqgvijgip ni` pbg VDK*W)\) neecnilg lni idx fgldjg

pbg lgipgv da jdvg adlw| fs }declsjnkgv| ni` nines|p| ci pbg Wicpg` \pnpg| ni`

\dwpb Kdvgn) ]gvbn}| jd|p cj}dvpnip% Egg bn| idx |pnpg` pbnp bc| }decls pdxnv`

Idvpb Kdvgn c| pd |ggk gqgipwne wiclnpcdi wi`gv n ecfgvne `gjdlvnls) Pbc| c| n

|chiclnip fvgnk avdj pbg }decls da bc| }vg`glg||dv| ci pbg Kcj @ng*owih ni`

Vdb Jdd*bswi n`jcic|pvnpcdi| xbd |dwhbp }gnlgawe ldgrc|pgilg xcpb Idvpb

Kdvgn fwp }nc` ecppeg nppgipcdi pd xbnp xdwe` fg ni gr}gi|cqg ni` }vdfegjnpcl

}d|p*wic

lnpcdi |cpwnpcdi "Kcj \) 6==2#)

Pbc| igx }decls }dcip| pd pbg cj}dvpnip c||wg| pbnp xcee fg n``vg||g` ci pbc|

}n}gv) Adv \dwpb Kdvgn pd fg nfeg pd xdvk pdxnv` wiclnpcdi wi`gv n ecfgvne%

`gjdlvnpcl hdqgvijgip% pbg hdqgvijgip ci \gdwe jw|p fg nfeg pd `gqged} cp|

jcecpnvs ln}nfcecpcg| ci dv`gv pd jnplb pbg ldipciwcih Idvpb Kdvgni pbvgnp }d|g`

fs cp| ldiqgipcdine ni` wildiqgipcdine advlg|) \dwpb Kdvgn bn| n calwep pn|k)

Pbg hdqgvijgip "nedih xcpb cp| kgs jcecpnvs nees% pbg Wicpg` \pnpg|# jw|p }eni

adv n advlg*di*advlg ldistclp xcpb Idvpb Kdvgn ni` jncipnci ln}nfcecpcg| pbnp

gaaglpcqges gpgv pbg @]VK; np pbg |njg pcjg% \dwpb Kdvgni hdqgvijgip da

lcne|jw|p }vg}nvg adv n }d||cfeg ldeen}|g da pbg pbvgnp pbnp pbgs nvg `gpgvvcih ni` }eni


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adv pbg bwhg lbneegihg| pbnp xcee grc|p ca gcpbgv dig da pbg|g |lginvcd| dllwv|)

Pd `d |d% \dwpb Kdvgn jw|p fg nfeg pd nlpwnees gcpbgv }ns adv pbg n``cpcdine

ln}nfcecpcg| igg`g` dv gi|wvg pbnp n |pvdih neecnilg grc|p| xcpb pbg Wicpg` \pnpg|%

xbclb lni |w}}egjgip pbg hn}| wipce |lne dv jcecpnvs vgn`cig|| lbneegihg|% dvfdpb% nvg jgp)

Pbc| egn`| pd pbg ~wg|pcdi da xnvpcjg d}gvnpcdine ldipvde "D]LDI# ni` pbg

|lbg`weg` `c|jnipegjgip da Ldjfcig` Advlg| Ldjjni` "LAL# ci 6=>6) Lni

cp fg dig4 Acinees% |gqgvne dpbgv c||wg| igg` pd fg n``vg||g` ci pbg ignv pgvj n|

\dwpb Kdvgn eddk| np cp| jcecpnvs neecnilg xcpb pbg Wicpg` \pnpg|) Idp pbg egn|p

da pbg|g c||wg| c| pbg ld|p da jncipncicih W)\) pvdd}| di pbg Kdvgni }gici|wen

"ni` ld|p |bnvcih# ni` pbg w}ldjcih jdqg da W)\) pvdd}| dwp da \gdwe ni` fn|g|

ci pbg Wcodihfw*Pdih`wlbgdi ldvvc`dv) C xcee n``vg|| nee da pbg|g c||wg| ci pbc|}n}gv ni` jnkg |djg |whhg|pcdi| adv }eniicih ni` }decls pbnp xcee fg cj}dvpnip

n| pbg VDK*W)\) jcecpnvs neecnilg ldipciwg| pd gqdeqg ni` cj}vdqg pd jggp pbg

lbneegihg| adv |glwvcps ni` |pnfcecps di pbg Kdvgni }gici|wen ci ldjcih sgnv|)

CC) VDK Jcecpnvs @gqged}jgip?Jnplbcih Ln}nfcecpcg| pd pbg Pbvgnp

Jnis c||wg| anlg pbg neecnilg fgpxggi pbg Wicpg` \pnpg| ni` \dwpb Kdvgn% fwp

pbgvg c| id dwfp pbnp pbg fwexnvk da pbg vgenpcdi|bc} fgpxggi pbg|g pxd inpcdi| c|

pbg VDK*W)\) jcecpnvs neecnilg) Pbc| c| pbg neecnilg pbnp bn| }vdpglpg` pbg |pnfcecps

ni` |glwvcps da pbg Kdvgni }gici|wen |cilg pbg gi` da pbg Kdvgni Xnv)

Pbg jcecpnvs neecnilg bn| wi`gvhdig |gqgvne cj}dvpnip lbnihg| ci vglgip sgnv|)

Idp pbg egn|p da pbg|g c| pbg pvni|advjnpcdi da VDK jcecpnvs advlg|% xcpb ni

dvchcine gi` npg da 6=6=% pbnp xn| g|pcjnpg` pd ld|p >10 pvceecdi xdi) Pbg }eni%

|gp cipd }enlg wi`gv pbg Vdb Jdd*bswi n`jcic|pvnpcdi% ne|d c| |w}}d|g` pd hcqg

pbg VDK jcecpnvs pbg ci`g}gi`gip ln}nfcecps pd d}gvnpg wi`gv |g}nvnpg xnvpcjg

ldjjni` avdj W)\) advlg| fs 6=>6 "Oci 6==8#) Gqc`gilg pbnp pbg }vdlg|| dapvni|cpcdicih pd pxd |g}nvnpg xnvpcjg ldjjni`| c| hdcih advxnv` lni fg |ggi

ca dig grnjcig| pbg vglgip Welbc Adlw| Hwnv`cni grgvlc|g bge` wvcih Nwhw|p da

6==2) @wvcih pbnp grgvlc|g% pbg \dwpb Kdvgni| ni` Njgvclni| |cjwenpg` hbpcih

n xnv wi`gv pxd |g}nvnpg d}gvnpcdine ldjjni`|% dig eg` fs pbg lbncvjni da

\dwpb Kdvgn| Odcip Lbcga| da \pnaa ni` dig eg` fs pbg ldjjni`gv da Wicpg`

\pnpg| Kdvgn Ldjjni` "KDVLDJgqgipwne |wllg||dv pd Wicpg` \pnpg| Advlg|

Kdvgn [W\AKZ#) Pbg grgvlc|g xn| df|gvqg` fs |gqgvne vgpcvg` jcecpnvs dalgv|

avdj fdpb pbg Wicpg` \pnpg| ni` \dwpb Kdvgn ni` c| gr}glpg` pd nc` ci }eniicih

adv pbg jnodv lbnihg| pbnp nvg gr}glpg` pd dllwv fs 6=>6 "Owih \) 6==2g#)


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Pbgvg bn| fggi n hvgnp gne da lvcpclc|j vghnv`cih pbg pvni|advjnpcdi }eni |gp cipd

nlpcdi fs pbg Vdb n`jcic|pvnpcdi) Idp dies xcee pbc| gr}gi|cqg pvni|advjnpcdi

}vdlg|| }wp n bwhg |pvnci di pbg fw`hgp da \dwpb Kdvgn| hdqgvijgip% fwp ne|d

jwlb da pbg }eniicih }wp cipd pbc| pvni|advjnpcdi }vdlg|| lni eghcpcjnpges fglneeg` qgvs `nihgvdw| pd pbg |glwvcps da \dwpb Kdvgn) Pbg pvni|advjnpcdi }eni

bn| |gqgvne kgs xgnkig||? "># cp lnee| adv lwppcih jcecpnvs advlg| fs >2=%===

fgadvg nl~wc|cpcdi da jd`gvi }vdhvnj| lni daa|gp pbg vg`wlpcdi ci advlg|% "6#

pbg }eni xn| idp |gp w} pd ldwipgv Idvpb Kdvgn| iwlegnv ni` jc||ceg pbvgnp|%

xbclb bnqg }vdqgi pd fg |chiclnip |cilg pbg gqgip| da 6==1% ni` "6) ]vg||

vg}dvp| nvg nevgn`s |nscih pbnp pbg VDK hdqgvijgip jns }w|b pbg }eni fnlkavdj cp| }eniig` `npg da 6=6= pd 6=67 fglnw|g da pbg vgn|di| |pnpg` nfdqg ni`

fglnw|g da fw`hgpnvs c||wg| "Owih \) 6==2b#)

N| pbg \dwpb Kdvgni jcecpnvs ldipciwg| cp| pvni|advjnpcdi }vdlg|| ni` }w|bg|

di xcpb pbg lbneegihg| cp anlg| ci pbg lbnihcih VDK*W)\) jcecpnvs neecnilg%

}declsjnkgv| ci \gdwe lniidp advhgp pbnp pbg Idvpb Kdvgni pbvgnp vgjnci|

djcidw| ni` qgvs vgne) Idvpb Kdvgn ldipciwg| pd jncipnci pbg xdve`| apb*

envhg|p jcecpnvsn jcecpnvs pbnp c| g~wc}}g` xcpb n iwlegnv ln}nfcecps% fneec|pcl

jc||ceg|% ni` ni n|sjjgpvcl ln}nfcecps pbnp bn| gqdeqg` |cilg pbg jc`*>33=|)6

]sdihsnih bn| sgp pd gqgi `c|lw|| pgvj| adv gecjcinpcih cp| g|pcjnpg` 1 pd >6

iwlegnv xgn}di|% ni` cp ldipciwg| pd g}eds 8= }gvlgip da cp| hvdwi` advlg| xcpbci

3= jceg| da pbg @gjcecpnvczg` _dig "@J_#) Pbg|g advlg| cilew`g pxd `g}edsg`

jglbniczg` ldv}|% ni nvjdv ldv}|% ni` ni nvpceegvs ldv}|}ew| n jc||ceg ldv}|

pbnp bn| jdvg pbni 1== \lw`| ni` 6== Id*`dih jc||ceg| ln}nfeg da |pvckcih

nisxbgvg ci \dwpb Kdvgn dv On}ni "Kecihigv 6==2n#) Adv pbg Egg n`jcic|pvnpcdi

pd jnkg w} adv pbg jc|pnkg| jn`g fs pbg Vdb n`jcic|pvnpcdi| pvni|advjnpcdi

}vdhvnj% cp xcee igg` pd adlw| di pxd kgs nvgn|? "># pbg Idvpb Kdvgni pbvgnp%

fn|g` di pbg |cj}eg cipgeechgilg dlpvcig "N}}eghnpg 6==># pbnp n pbvgnp c| g

ig`n| ln}nfcecps + cipgip : pbvgnp% ni` "6# n vgigxg` adlw| di cipgvd}gvnfcecps xcpb

W)\) advlg| n| VDK ci`g}gi`gip ln}nfcecps ldjg| pd avwcpcdi) Pbg |gldi` kgs

nvgn xn| chidvg` adv jd|p da pbg Vdb n`jcic|pvnpcdi ni` xcee fg cj}dvpnip n| pbg

VDK ni` W)\) jcecpnvcg| jnkg ni gaadvp pd ldipciwg `gpgvvcih pbg Idvpb Kdvgni

pbvgnp wvcih pbg pvni|cpcdi| dllwvvcih ci pbg VDK*W)\) jcecpnvs neecnilg)

Pbg Idvpb Kdvgni jcecpnvs pbvgnp bn| jd|p lgvpncies gqdeqg`) Ci`gg`% n `vn|pcl

|bdvpnhg da awge "fglnw|g da n enlk da |wf|c`cg| avdj pbg \dqcgp Wicdi fghciicih

6) Adv lwvvgip nines|c| di pbg Idvpb Kdvgni jcecpnvs pbvgnp% |gg \ldfgee ni` \niadv` "6==8#)


8/29

2= W)\)Kdvgn Nln`gjcl \sj}d|cwj

ci >33=# ni` |djgpcjg| add` bn| advlg` n `c} |cilg pbg jc`*>33=| ci pbg ge`

pvncicih egqge| da cp| ldiqgipcdine advlg|% n| |ggi ci cp| pvn`cpcdine cianipvs%

jglbniczg`% nvjdv% ni` nvpceegvs wicp|)< @g|}cpg pbg|g qgvs vgne |gpfnlk|% pbg

@]VK bn| n`ow|pg` ~wcpg legqgves) Ci anlp% |cilg pbg jc`*>33=|% Idvpb Kdvgnbn| |chiclnipes cilvgn|g` pbg ln}nfcecpcg| da cp| jc||ceg advlg| ci |d}bc|pclnpcdi%

iwjfgv| "envhg cilvgn|g| ci pbg iwjfgv| da nee ps}g| da jc||ceg|#% ni` ldjjni`

ni` ldipvde) Pbg Idvpb Kdvgni Nvjs bn| cipghvnpg` jc||ceg| cipd cp| nvpceegvs

`dlpvcig% ni` ci nis advlg*di*advlg ldistclp "dv ecjcpg` ldistclp% adv pbnp jnppgv#

jc||ceg| xdwe` fg w|g` n| edih*vnihg nvpceegvs |s|pgj|% nfeg pd pnvhgp nis id`g

ci \dwpb Kdvgn ni` jnis ci On}ni)0

Fwp jc||ceg| nvg dies pbg fghciicih) \cilg pbg enpg >33=| pbg Idvpb Kdvgni| bnqg

|chiclnipes cilvgn|g` pbg iwjfgv da edih*vnihg nvpceegvs |s|pgj| "pbg |s|pgj|vgagvvg` pd n| edih*vnihg nvg pbg >8=jj |gea*}vd}geeg` nvpceegvs |s|pgj ni` pbg

60=jj jwepc}eg vdlkgp enwilbgv |s|pgj# `g}edsg` nedih pbg @J_led|g pd

3== bwi`vg` da pbg|g |s|pgj| nvg edlnpg` xcpbci n |bdvp `c|pnilg da pbg @J_

ni` w} pd ==%=== ni` nvg ln}nfeg da nppnlkcih kgs id`g| xcpbci

\dwpb Kdvgn "cilew`cih W)\) fn|g|#% c|vw}pcih ldjjni` ni` ldipvde% ni` gqgi

lnvvscih dwp nlp| da pgvvdvc|j ni` n||n||cinpcdi)1

33=|% |gg pbg pg|pcjdis da Hgigvne Pbdjn| N) \lbxnvpz "6===#%

ldjjni`gv W\AK; adv |}glcl g|pcjnpg| di pbg iwjfgv da edih*vnihg nvpceegvs |s|pgj| Idvpb

Kdvgn bn| advxnv` g}edsg` di dv ignv pbg @J_% |gg Fgvjw`gz "6==


9/29

\bcapcih \pvnpghcl ni` ]decpclne Vgenpcdi| xcpb pbg Kdvgn| 2>

@wvcih pbg Vdb n`jcic|pvnpcdi pbg VDK hdqgvijgip vgaw|g` pd nl~wcvg

nipcjc||ceg |s|pgj| ln}nfeg da gagi`cih pbg VDK avdj pbg jdvg pbni 1== \lw`

jc||ceg| ci pbg Idvpb pbnp pnvhgp id`g| nee dqgv \dwpb Kdvgn) Pd grnlgvfnpg pbg

|cpwnpcdi% Idvpb Kdvgn bn| idx fwcep% pg|pg`% ni` g}edsg` ni n`qnilg` qgv|cdida pbg de` \dqcgp \\*6> "kidxi n| pbg KI*=6#)8 Pbc| c| dig da pbg kgs grnj}eg|

xbgvg pbg pvni|advjnpcdi da pbg VDK jcecpnvs n| `cvglpg` fs pbg Fewg Bdw|g

`wvcih pbg Vdb n`jcic|pvnpcdi ci g||gilg anceg` pd pnkg cipd nlldwip pbg qgvs

pbvgnp pbnp cp xn| |w}}d|g` pd fg fwcep pd gpgv ni` gagi` nhnci|p) @wvcih pbg Vdb

n`jcic|pvnpcdi% \dwpb Kdvgn nhvgg` pd }wvlbn|g 02 |gldi`bni` ]NL*6 ]npvcdp

|s|pgj| avdj Hgvjnis|s|pgj| pbnp xcee fg |n`es enlkcih ci pbgcv nfcecps pd

|bddp dxi \lw`|% nlldv`cih pd pbgKdvgn Bgvne`di 6) Ci n``cpcdi%Bniksdvgb Cefd di 2

Owes 6==2 vg}dvpg` pbnp pbg \dwpb Kdvgni| nvg ldi|c`gvcih }wvlbn|g da R*fni`

vn`nv% ni g||gipcne gegjgip da jc||ceg `gagi|g ni` n |s|pgj pbnp w|g| n`qnilg`

pglbidedhs) Pbg|g nvg fdpb cj}dvpnip cicpcne |pg}| pbnp pbg VDK hdqgvijgip

igg`| pd pnkg ci dv`gv pd `gpgv ni` `gagi` nhnci|p jc||ceg nppnlk| avdj Idvpb

Kdvgn) Fwp pbg|g nvg dies cicpcne |pg}|) N| cp |pni`| vchbp idx pbg dies jc||ceg

`gagi|g |s|pgj| di pbg }gici|wen pbnp nvg pvwes ln}nfeg da `gagi`cih nhnci|p njc||ceg nppnlk nvg pbg ]NL*< ]npvcdp |s|pgj| lwvvgipes jniig`% jncipncig`% ni`

d}gvnpg` fs pbg W)\) Nvjs) Lbd|wi Cefd vg}dvpg` di 60 Nwhw|p 6==1 pbnp 10 da

pbg|g |s|pgj| xgvg lwvvgipes g}edsg` ci \dwpb Kdvgn)

Pbg On}nig|g jd`ge |gvqg| n| ni grlgeegip grnj}eg da xbnp \dwpb Kdvgni| lni

gr}glp ca pbgs fwce` n jc||ceg gagi|g |s|pgj pbnp advj| n vgnec|pcl gpgvvgip ni`

`gagi|g nhnci|p }d||cfeg Idvpb Kdvgni nppnlk) Pbg On}nig|g Inqs |wllg||awees

8) Adv jdvg di pbg iwjfgv| ni` ln}nfcecpcg| da Idvpb Kdvgni \lw` ni` KI*=6 jc||ceg|% |gg Owih

\) "6==8n#)


10/29


ldi`wlpg` cp| v|p pg|p da pbg \J*< "|bc} `g}edsg`# cipgvlg}pdv jc||ceg ci

@glgjfgv 6==8) Pbg On}nig|g nvg fwce`cih n pxd*pcgv jc||ceg `gagi|g |s|pgj

ci led|g ldd}gvnpcdi xcpb pbg Wicpg` \pnpg|) Pbg \J*< xcee fg enwilbg` avdj

Nghc|*len|| |bc}| pd cipgvlg}p jc||ceg| np bchb nepcpw`g|% ni` pbg ]NL*< |s|pgj|"`g}edsg` di eni` fn|g|# xcee cipgvlg}p jc||ceg| np edxgv nepcpw`g|% vg}dvpg`

Lbd|wi Cefd di >3 @glgjfgv 6==8) On}ni }eni| pd `g}eds = di adwv Nghc|*len|| |bc}| ni` ne|d }eni| pd g}eds >60

n`qnilg`*ln}nfcecps ]NL*< cipgvlg}pdv jc||ceg| fs 6=>= di |gqgvne fn|g| ni`

kgs edlnpcdi| pbvdwhbdwp pbgcv ldwipvs) Acinees% On}ni bn| nevgn`s `g}edsg`

R*fni` vn`nv "Lenvgjdip Ci|pcpwpg 6==2#) Pbw| anv% nlldv`cih pd Lbd|wi Cefd di

6> @glgjfgv 6==8% pbg \dwpb Kdvgni hdqgvijgip bn| jn`g id }eni| pd }wvlbn|g

pbg \J*< |s|pgj "pbg }vgecjcinvs }wvlbn|g }eni| adv ]NL*< jc||ceg |s|pgj|

nvg adv jnis agxgv |s|pgj| pbni On}ni| nepbdwhb pbg pbvgnp avdj Idvpb Kdvgnijc||ceg| c| bchbgv# adv pbgcv dxi Nghc|*len|| |bc}| "kidxi n| pbg Kcih \godih

len|| g|pvdsgv|# ni` bn| idp nhvgg` pd odci pbg W)\) jc||ceg gagi|g |s|pgjn

lnvvsdqgv avdj pbg Kcj @ng*owih ni` Vdb Jdd*bswi n`jcic|pvnpcdi|)

On}ni ni` pbg Wicpg` \pnpg| lwvvgipes jni xbnp c| kidxi n| pbg fcenpgvne odcip

d}gvnpcdi| lgipgv pd lddv`cinpg ni` |bnvg jc||ceg `gagi|g ciadvjnpcdi ci n

pcjges jniigv) @wvcih pbg Idvpb Kdvgni jc||ceg vcih| da Owes 6==1% pbg Wicpg`

\pnpg| ni` On}ni grlbnihg` ciadvjnpcdi ci n pcjges jniigv pbvdwhb ni cipgvcj

lddv`cinpcdi anlcecps edlnpg` np Sdkdpn Ncv Fn|g "@D\ 6==8; Ecppeg 6==8#)Ci`gg`% Fw|b n`jcic|pvnpcdi dalcne| ldjjgipg` pbnp bnqcih pbg jc||ceg gagi|g

|s|pgj "eni` fdvig ni` |gn fdvig# vgn`s ci ni` nvdwi` On}ni `wvcih 6==1 xn|

n |chiclnip anlpdv ci needxcih pbg }vg|c`gip pd `glc`g idp pd `g|pvds pbg Png}d*

`dih 6 jc||ceg fgadvg cp ldwe` fg enwilbg`; pbw|% g|lnenpcdi da xbnp xn| nevgn`s

fgldjcih n vghcdine lvc|c| xn| nqdc`g`) Odbi Vdd`% nlpcih wi`gv |glvgpnvs da

|pnpg adv nvj| ldipvde ni` cipgvinpcdine |glwvcps% vgjnvkg` di >> Jnvlb 6==2?

Xg c`ip bnqg pd |gvcdw|es ldi|c`gv d}pcdi| eckg }vggj}pcdi dv dqgvxbgejcih

vgpnecnpcdi) Xg bn` n `gagi|g% ni` xg xgvg ldipgip pd w|g pbnp `gagi|g% ni` cp

xn| n xns da idp ldipvcfwpcih pd pbg lvc|c| fgcih envhgv "Fdg|g 6==2#)

Pbg vgn|di fgbci` \gdwe| ancewvg pd }wvlbn|g n jd`gvi jc||ceg `gagi|g |s|pgj

xcpb pbg ln}nfcecpcg| iglg||nvs pd pvwes `gpgv pbg Idvpb Kdvgni pbvgnp c| jd|p

lgvpncies idp n enlk da gildwvnhgjgip avdj pbg Wicpg` \pnpg|) Ci anlp% `wvcih

pbg Vdb n`jcic|pvnpcdi Hgigvne F) F) Fgee "6==8n#% pbgi pbg ldjjni`gv da

W\AK% |pnpg`% Pbg Vg}wfecl da Kdvgn jw|p }wvlbn|g ni` ge` cp| dxi PJ@

|s|pgj% ln}nfeg da awee cipghvnpcdi xcpb pbg W)\) |s|pgj) Pbg vghcdine jc||ceg

pbvgnp avdj Idvpb Kdvgn vg~wcvg| ni nlpcqg VDK jc||ceg `gagi|g ln}nfcecps

pd }vdpglp cp| lvcpclne ldjjni` ln}nfcecpcg| ni` }gv|diige) Pbc| n||g||jgipldipciwg| pd fg pbg qcgx da pbg lwvvgip ldjjni`gv da W\AK% Hgigvne Xnepgv


11/29

\bcapcih \pvnpghcl ni` ]decpclne Vgenpcdi| xcpb pbg Kdvgn| 2> Nwhw|p 6==2% bpp}?gihec|b)lbd|wi)ldjx6>`npnbpje

igx|6==2=26==2=2>>===8)bpje% ni` fs \pvnpghs]nhg)ldj di >6 Nwhw|p 6==2% xxx)|pvnpghs}nhg)

ldjbpjxbpcipgenvpcleg|6==2=2>6)n|}r)

3) Adv `gpnce| da |}glcl W)\) |s|pgj| pbnp \dwpb Kdvgn `g}gi`| di pd }vdqc`g fdpb |pvnpghcl ni`

pnlpclne fnppegge` ni` }dpgipcne fnppegge` ciadvjnpcdi ni` pbg lwvvgip hn}| ci \dwpb Kdvgn| jcecpnvs

ciadvjnpcdi |s|pgj|% |gg Swi "6==1#)


13/29


Adv pbg pbcv` gegjgip da pbg Idvpb Kdvgni n|sjjgpvcl pbvgnp\}glcne

D}gvnpcdi| Advlg| "\DA#pbg vdeg da L0C c| cj}dvpnip adv \dwpb Kdvgn|

jcecpnvs ci `gagi`cih nhnci|p Idvpb Kdvgni \DA ni` ci xdvkcih pdhgpbgv xcpb

W)\) neecg| ci dv`gv pd vg|}di` dv `g}eds ci nis advlg*di*advlg ldistclp) Pbgadvjgv ldjjni`gv da \}glcne D}gvnpcdi| Ldjjni` Kdvgn% Fvchn`cgv Hgigvne

\cjgdi Pvdjfcpn| "6==8#% |w}}dvp| pbc| n||g||jgip? Ldi|pvwlpcih n fcenpgvne

L0C |bnvcih ln}nfcecps xcpb n ldjjdi nvlbcpglpwvg c| lvcpclne adv cipgvnlpcdi xcpb

dwv VDK ldwipgv}nvp| pd cilvgn|g pbg |sigvhs fgpxggi dwv advlg| ni` gibnilg

ldjjni` ni` ldipvde)

Nidpbgv cj}dvpnip anlpdv jw|p fg n``vg||g` ca dig c| pd `c|lw|| \dwpb Kdvgn|

lwvvgip ln}nfcecps pd ldwipgv pbg Idvpb Kdvgni \DA pbvgnp) Pbc| c| pbg ncvecap

da \dwpb Kdvgn| dxi gecpg |}glcne advlg| ni` ncvfdvig fvchn`g|) \dwpb Kdvgnlwvvgipes bn| |gqgi |}glcne advlg| fvchn`g| "nee ncvfdvig# ci cp| nvjs ni` qg

ci`g}gi`gip fvchn`g| "pxd cianipvs ni` pbvgg ldwipgvciepvnpcdi#) Dpbgv |jneegv

wicp| ne|d xdwe` vg~wcvg ncvecap ci nis ldistclp dv ldipcihgils) Pbg|g nvg njdih pbg

VDK| jd|p gecpg advlg|% ni` pbgs nvg njdih pbg fg|p pvncig` ci pbg xdve`fwp

xcpbdwp ncvecap pbgs lniidp hgp pd xbgvg pbgs igg` pd hd pd ldi`wlp pbgcv qcpne

jc||cdi|) Pbg \dwpb Kdvgni Ncv Advlg pvni|}dvp stggp c| lwvvgipes enlkcih ci cp|

ln}nfcecps pd ldi`wlp pbc| jc||cdi) Pbgvg nvg dies >= L*>7 |jneegv% \}nic|b*`g|chig`% pxci*gihcig` LI*6


14/29


}gici|wen nedih pbg @J_ pd vgneczg pbg invvdx ciqn|cdi ldvvc`dv| cipd \dwpb

Kdvgn }vdqc`g d}}dvpwicpcg| pbnp lni fg gr}edcpg` "|gg Achwvg >#)

Achwvg >? Kdvgni Ciqn|cdi Vdwpg|

\dwvlg? Idvpb Kdvgni Ldwipvs Bni`fddk% W)\) @g}nvpjgip da @gagi|g% Jns% >338% WVE?bpp}?xxx)`cn)jce}wfeclnaancv|Adcnikdv)}`a

Dpbgv c||wg| da pbg lwvvgip VDK pvni|advjnpcdi nvg cj}dvpnip n| xgee n| \dwpb

Kdvgn `gne| xcpb lbneegihg| vgenpg` pd `gqged}jgip ni` cipghvnpcdi xcpb W)\)

advlg|) Dig pbnp C xdwe` eckg pd `c|lw|| bgvg c| pbg ]vdecagvnpcdi \glwvcps Cicpcnpcqg

"]\C#ni c||wg pbnp c| eckges pd fg n |dwvlg da ldipciwcih `gfnpg n| pbg Egg

n`jcic|pvnpcdi eddk| pd cp| cjjg`cnpg inpcdine `gagi|g ni` cp| neecnilg xcpb

pbg Wicpg` \pnpg|) Pbg vgn|di pbc| c| |d cj}dvpnip c| fglnw|g da pbg pbvgnp pbnpIdvpb Kdvgn }d|g| pd vghcdi| dwp|c`g da Idvpbgn|p N|cn pbvdwhb cp| }vdecagvnpcdi

da n qnvcgps da xgn}di| |s|pgj|% }nvpclwenves jc||ceg|) ]sdihsnih bn| |bdxi

n |cihwenv }vdlcgils ci cp| nfcecps pd }vdecagvnpg jc||ceg|% jc||ceg ldj}digip|%

ni` jc||ceg pglbidedhs pd inpcdi| ci fdpb pbg Jc``eg Gn|p ni` \dwpb N|cn) Pbg

vg|wep c| n |gvcdw| pbvgnp pd pbg |pnpw| ~wd ci pbg|g vghcdi| ni` dapgi n vnplbgpcih

w} da pgi|cdi|)

Dig bn| dies pd eddk pd pbg vglgip grnj}eg da Cvni pd wi`gv|pni` xbs ]\C c| |d

cj}dvpnip) Idvpb Kdvgn |de` >2 Png}d*`dih R "ne|d kidxi n| pbg Jw|w`ni#fneec|pcl jc||ceg |s|pgj| "n |s|pgj fn|g` di pbg de` \dqcgp \\*I*1 `g|chi# pd


15/29


Cvni ci 6==7 "Fgi*@nqc` 6==7#) Nlldv`cih pd }vg|| vg}dvp|% Cvni |wllg||awees

ldi`wlpg` n pg|p*enwilb da pbc| |s|pgj `wvcih 6==1) Pbg jc||ceg c| vg}dvpg` pd

bnqg n vnihg da w} pd 0%=== kcedjgpgv| "Qclk 6==1; Vwfci 6==1#) N| |bdxi ci

Achwvg 6% Cvni idx bn| pbg ln}nfcecps pbnik| pd jc||ceg |s|pgj| nl~wcvg` avdjIdvpb Kdvgn "nee da pbg |s|pgj| di pbg jn} xgvg nl~wcvg` avdj Idvpb Kdvgn#

pd pbvgnpgi idp dies C|vnge dv dpbgv inpcdi| ci cp| dxi vghcdi fwp INPD advlg|

ci Gwvd}g n| xgee "B]\LC 6==1#)

Achwvg 6? Vnihg| da Cvni| Jc||ceg|

\dwvlg? Ni vgx Agclkgvp% Jc||ceg \wvqgs? Fneec|pcl ni` Lvwc|g Jc||ceg| da \geglpg` Advgchi Ldwipvcg|%Vg}dvp id) VE


16/29


Egg jchbp vgldi|c`gv \dwpb Kdvgn| |pnilg di ]\C ni` pnkg n jdvg nlpcqg vdeg ci

cp}nvpclwenves ca Idvpb Kdvgni iwlegnv }vdqdlnpcdi| xgvg pd cipgi|cas) Hcqgi

pbg lwvvgip |pnpg da naancv| xcpb pbg |cr*}nvps pnek| ni` Idvpb Kdvgn| ldipciwcih

}vdecagvnpcdi pd dpbgv vdhwg |pnpg| |wlb n| \svcn% dig bd}g| pbnp pbc| xcee bn}}gi"O) Kcj 6==2; Bnv`gi 6==2; @IC 6==2; Bgivs 6==2#) Pbc| xdwe` ci js qcgx

fg n xgeldjg `glc|cdi ci Xn|bcihpdi)

Ci anlp% pbg Wicpg` \pnpg| bn| vgigxg` lnee| adv \dwpb Kdvgn pd pnkg ni nlpcqg

vdeg ci pbg ]\C) Np n jg`cn vdwi`pnfeg vg}dvpg` fs Lbd|wi Cefd di 63 Jns 6==2%

Odbi Vdd`% nlpcih wi`gv |glvgpnvs da |pnpg adv nvj| ldipvde ni` cipgvinpcdine

|glwvcps% |pnpg`% Xg xdwe` lgvpncies gildwvnhg pbgj [\dwpb KdvgnZ pd odci% ni`

xgqg gihnhg` ci n iwjfgv da `c|lw||cdi| xcpb pbgj) Vdd` ne|d |pnpg`% Pbg

}vg|gip hdqgvijgip ci \gdwe c|% C pbcik% vgqcgxcih pbg c||wg) Xg xcee nxncp pbgdwpldjg da pbnp) Ci`gg`% dig da pbg kgs xns| pbnp \gdwe lni ldipvcfwpg pd ni`

|pvgihpbgi pbg VDK*W)\) neecnilg xdwe` fg pd pnkg n jdvg nlpcqg vdeg ci pbg

]\C) \wlb n jdqg xdwe` ne|d eckges |gvqg pd bnj}gv ]sdihsnih| }vdecagvnpcdi

pd `nihgvdw| vghcdi| da pbg xdve`)

CCC) Lni pbg VDK Hdqgvijgip ]ns adv Igg`g` Ln}nfcecpcg|4

Ca \dwpb Kdvgn pvwes c| pd fg ln}nfeg da |gea*vgecnip inpcdine `gagi|g ci ldjcih

sgnv|% cp jw|p cicpcnpg pbg }vdhvnj| ni` }declcg|njdih dpbgv|n``vg||g`

gnvecgv ci pbc| }n}gv) Pbg `calweps c| pbnp pbc| xcee fg ni gr}gi|cqg gaadvp ni`

dig pbnp c| eckges pd }wp n |gqgvg |pvnci di ni gldidjs ci \dwpb Kdvgn pbnp c|

nevgn`s gr}gvcgilcih calwepcg|)

]vg|c`gip Egg vglgipes n``vg||g` pxd hedfne c||wg| pbnp nvg bnqcih n }vdadwi`

gaaglp di pbg \dwpb Kdvgni gldidjs|dnvcih dce }vclg| ni` hedfne lvd}

|bdvpnhg|) Xbceg di n qc|cp pd pbg lcps da ]w|ni `wvcih Owes da pbc| sgnv% Egg

|pnpg`% Pbg gldidjs c| bgnqces g}gi`gip di gr}dvp|) Pbgvgadvg% pbg|g anlpdv|

jnkg cp lbneegihcih adv pbg hdqgvijgip pd i` pbg vchbp |dewpcdi|) Fwp xg nvg}gd}eg xbd pgi` pd fgldjg |pvdih ni` wicpg` xbgi pcjg| nvg grpvgjges pdwhb

"Knih B) 6==2#) Pbg gaaglp| da vc|cih }vclg| adv awge ni` add` bnqg nevgn`s bn`

ni cj}nlp di pbg \dwpb Kdvgni jcecpnvs) Ci anlp% nlldv`cih pd }vg|| vg}dvp|% ci

Owes da 6==2 pbg \dwpb Kdvgni jcecpnvs xn| advlg` pd vg`wlg grgvlc|g| pd |nqg

gigvhs) Aechbp pvncicih bdwv| adv }cedp| nvg pd fg vg`wlg`% xcpb |djg da pbg pvncicih

fgcih jn`g w} di |cjwenpdv|; pbg nvjs bn| jn`g }eni| pd vg`wlg fs


17/29


Pbgvg c| ne|d eckges pd fg n `cvglp cj}nlp di nidpbgv cj}dvpnip c||wg adv \dwpb

Kdvgn| jcecpnvs advlg|@gagi|g Vgadvj 6=6=% \gdwe| pvni|advjnpcdi }eni pd

w}hvn`g ni` jd`gviczg cp| advlg| pd }vg}nvg adv ci`g}gi`gip inpcdine `gagi|g

ln}nfcecpcg|) Nlldv`cih pd vglgip }vg|| vg}dvp|% pbg pvni|advjnpcdi }eni% |gp pd fgic|bg` fs 6=6=% jns gi` w} wi`gvhdcih grpgi|cqg vgqc|cdi) Pbg }vcjnvs vgn|di

adv pbg `vn|pcl dqgvbnwe da pbg vgadvj }nlknhg c| fw`hgp |bdvpanee|% nlldv`cih

pd jnis jcecpnvs gr}gvp| ni` `gagi|g dalcne| ci \dwpb Kdvgn) \djg gr}gvp|

bnqg }vg`clpg` n awvpbgv `glvgn|g ci `gagi|g gr}gi`cpwvg| adv pbg }eni) Dig da

pbg v|p }vdhvnj| pbnp jchbp fg nrg` n| n vg|wep da pbg|g fw`hgp |bdvpanee| c| pbg

Hedfne Bnxk WNQ }vdhvnj) Pbg \dwpb Kdvgni hdqgvijgip jchbp ~wcpg |cj}es

fg winfeg pd naadv` pbg xdve`| jd|p |d}bc|pclnpg` bchb*nepcpw`g WNQ)

Pbg fw`hgpnvs }vdfegj| cibgvgip ci \gdwe| lwvvgip jcecpnvs pvni|advjnpcdi}eni ldwe` bnqg dpbgv vnjclnpcdi|) Acv|p% pvni|advjnpcdi jchbp gi` w} hgppcih

}w|bg` fnlk pd n ic|b `npg da 6=67) \gldi`% pbg lwvvgip |lbg`weg adv |s|pgj|

nl~wc|cpcdi ni` pvdd} lwp| c| n||g||g` fs jnis gr}gvp| pd fg cin`g~wnpg pd

nlldwip adv Idvpb Kdvgn| n|sjjgpvcl ln}nfcecpcg|) Ni` pbcv` "ni` }gvbn}|

jd|p cj}dvpnip#% jnis jcecpnvs gr}gvp| ne|d n||g|| pbnp pbg `gagi|g vgadvj `c`

idp cilew`g vg~wcvg` nvj| }vdlwvgjgip }eni| ni` |glwvcps jgn|wvg| adv \gdwe|

pvni|cpcdi pd ci`g}gi`gip xnvpcjg D]LDI da cp| advlg|% |lbg`weg` pd dllwv ci

6=>6 "Owih \) 6==2n#)

Pd grnlgvfnpg c||wg| vgenpg` pd xnvpcjg D]LDI ni` pbg pvni|cpcdi da VDK ni`

W)\) advlg| di pbg Kdvgni }gici|wen ci ldjcih sgnv|% pbg }eniig` ld|p da pbg

W)\) fn|g vgedlnpcdi da W)\) advlg| avdj fn|g| ignv pbg @J_ ni` ci \gdwe pd n

bwf np Lnj} Bwj}bvgs| "|wf|c`czg` fs pbg VDK hdqgvijgip ni` cilew`cih

pbg Eni` ]nvpigv|bc} ]vdhvnj% n pvn`g da W)\) fn|g| ci pbg xg|pgvi ldvvc`dv

adv eni` gr}ni|cdi np Bwj}bvgs|# c| fgcih }vdoglpg` pd cilvgn|g% nlldv`cih pd

\dwpb Kdvgni Jcic|pvs da Inpcdine @gagi|g |dwvlg| "Owih \) 6==2o#) Pbg|g nvg

cj}dvpnip c||wg| vgenpg` pd pbg pvni|advjnpcdi da VDK advlg|% ni` pbg c||wg|

da `gagi|g vgadvj ni` fn|g vgedlnpcdi xcee bnqg ni cj}nlp di pbg }eniig``c|g|pnfec|bjgip da LAL ni` pbg g|pnfec|bjgip da pxd |g}nvnpg xnvpcjg

d}gvnpcdine ldjjni`|)

Fwv`gi \bnvcih

Fwv`gi |bnvcih bn| fggi n jnodv |dwvlg da ldipgipcdi `wvcih pbg }n|p pxd

sgnv||pnvpcih wi`gv pbg Vdb Jdd*bswi n`jcic|pvnpcdi ni` idx ldipciwcih

wi`gv pbg Egg Jswih*fnk n`jcic|pvnpcdi) Pbg jd|p cj}dvpnip n|}glp c| pbg c||wg

da idi*}gv|diige |pnpcdicih ld|p| "I]\L# adv W)\) pvdd}| |pnpcdig` ci \dwpbKdvgn) Ci 6==8 \gdwe| ldipvcfwpcdi pd pbg \}glcne Jgn|wvg| Nhvggjgip "xbclb


18/29

3= W)\)Kdvgn Nln`gjcl \sj}d|cwj

ldqgv| pbg|g ld|p|# vg}vg|gipg` dies 0> }gvlgip da pbg I]\L) @wvcih 6==8% pbg

ldjjni`gv da W\AK% Hgigvne F) F) Fgee "6==8n#% |pnpg` pbnp pbc| }gvlgipnhg

anee| anv |bdvp da ni gqgi ld|p*|bnvcih nhvggjgip fgpxggi neecg|% xbclb xdwe`

cilew`g n 7= }gvlgip I]\L ldipvcfwpcdi avdj fdpb neecg|) Pbg|g ld|p| nvg w|wneesw|g` pd }ns adv cj}dvpnip neecnilg jncipginilg vgenpcih pd pbg |pnpcdicih da W)\)

pvdd}| ci Kdvgn; pbgs cilew`g enfdv ld|p| adv \dwpb Kdvgni gj}edsgg| da W\AK%

pbg }wvlbn|g da edhc|pcl| ni` |w}}ecg|% ni` pbg ldi|pvwlpcdi da jcecpnvs anlcecpcg|)

Pbg ancewvg da \gdwe pd jnkg xbnp jnis ldi|c`gv pd fg n ancv ldipvcfwpcdi pd

pbg|g ld|p| "ci ni gvn xbgi W)\) advlg| nvg nevgn`s nihgvdw|es |pvgplbg` nee dqgv

pbg xdve`# ldwe` egn` pd nihgvdw| lwp| ci advlg ni` jcecpnvs fn|g jncipginilg

"Egg 6==8#)

@wvcih Owes 6==2% dalcne| avdj pbg W)\) @g}nvpjgip da @gagi|g ni` pbg VDKJcic|pvs da Inpcdine @gagi|g jgp ci Xn|bcihpdi ni` bge` pnek| "lneeg` pbg

\glwvcps ]decls Cicpcnpcqg# pd c|lw|| n qnvcgps da c||wg|% cilew`cih fwv`gi |bnvcih)

Fwp np pbg gi` da pbg pnek| \dwpb Kdvgni ni` W)\) dalcne| xgvg winfeg pd invvdx

`caagvgilg| dqgv bdx pd |bnvg odcip `gagi|g ld|p| vgenpg` pd pbg jncipginilg

da W)\) pvdd}| di pbg Kdvgni }gici|wen) @wvcih pbg pnek| W)\) dalcne| nhnci

lneeg` di \dwpb Kdvgn pd cilvgn|g awi`cih adv I]\L% fvcihcih \dwpb Kdvgn ci

ecig xcpb \gdwe| hvdxcih gldidjs ni` cilvgn|g` vg|}di|cfcecps adv inpcdine

`gagi|g) Dalcne| avdj \gdwe vg|}di`g` pbnp pbgcv hdqgvijgip xnipg` pd }vdqc`g

jcecpnvs g~wc}jgip ni` jnpgvcne| pd pbg W)\) jcecpnvs ci|pgn` da daagvcih bd|p*inpcdi awi`| ci ln|b "Owih \) 6==2k#)

N| dalcne| avdj pbg Wicpg` \pnpg| ni` \dwpb Kdvgn }vg}nvg` pd jggp ni` bde`

pnek| di ld|p*|bnvcih c||wg| ci Nwhw|p 6==2% pbg c||wg da 7=*7= ld|p |bnvcih adv

I]\L ldipciwg` pd vgjnci n ldipgipcdw| c||wg) Pbg jggpcih ci Nwhw|p 6==2

`c` idp }vd`wlg vg|wep| pbnp xgvg g~wcpnfeg pd fdpb neecg|) Xn|bcihpdi n|kg`

\gdwe pd }ns 1)1 pd >0)7 }gvlgip jdvg `wvcih 6==3% fwp \dwpb Kdvgni dalcne|

ldwipgvg` pbnp pbgs xgvg eddkcih np n }d||cfeg vnc|g da n jnrcjwj da 6)7 }gvlgip%

g~wne pd pbg }vgqcdw| sgnv| `djg|pcl cist

npcdi vnpg) Xn|bcihpdi ne|d n|kg`\gdwe pd cilvgn|g cp| }dvpcdi da pbg ld|p pd 7= }gvlgip di n edih*pgvj fn|c|% fwp

\dwpb Kdvgni dalcne| ldwipgvg` xcpb |gppcih \gdwe| |bnvg np ni n`g~wnpg

ni` vgn|dinfeg egqge ni` pd lbnihg pbg ld|p*|bnvcih jgpbd` avdj }nscih dig

ewj} |wj pd |gi`cih jnpgvcne| di n ln|g*fs*ln|g fn|c| "dilg nhnci vgagvvcih

fnlk pd }nvp da \gdwe| daagv wvcih Owes 6==2#) Pnek| xcee ldipciwg% fwp pbg c||wg

vgjnci| dig pbnp bn| fggi `calwep adv pbg pxd neecg| pd vgnlb nhvggjgip di)

\dwpb Kdvgn| |bnvg wvcih 6==2 nlldwipg` adv 80>)7 fceecdi xdi)>> Ca cilvgn|g`

fs 1)1 }gvlgip% pbc| xdwe` fg 83=)0 fceecdi xdi% ni` n >0)7 }gvlgip bckg xdwe`

fg 203 fceecdi xdi)>>) $>)== : >%=26 xdi)


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\bcapcih \pvnpghcl ni` ]decpclne Vgenpcdi| xcpb pbg Kdvgn| 3>

C gnvecgv ldj}nvg` \dwpb Kdvgn| }decls ni` nl~wc|cpcdi da jc||ceg `gagi|g

|s|pgj| xcpb pbnp da On}ni|) C fgecgqg cp c| ne|d w|gawe pd vgagv pd pbg On}nig|g

jd`ge xbgi cp ldjg| pd pbg c||wg da fwv`gi |bnvcih) Ca dig c| pd eddk np I]\L

ld|p|% pbg }gvlgipnhg da xbnp On}ni }ns| c| |chiclnipes bchbgv ldj}nvg` xcpb\dwpb Kdvgn| }nsjgip| "Lbniegpp*Nqgvs% Jnisci% ni` Ldd}gv 6==1#) Ci`gg`% n|

pbg On}ni*W)\) jcecpnvs neecnilg ldipciwg| pd pvni|cpcdi% jdvg pbni 2%=== da pbg

>2%=== Jnvcig| lwvvgipes ci Dkcinxn xcee jdqg pd Hwnj) Pdksd bn| nhvgg` pd

}ns n |chiclnip }dvpcdi da pbg|g ld|p| "Bneedvni 6==8#) Pbg Jnvcig| nvg gr}glpg`

pd vgedlnpg fs 6=>0% ni`% da pbg g|pcjnpg` $>=)68 fceecdi ld|p adv anlcecpcg| ni`

ciavn|pvwlpwvg `gqged}jgip adv pbg CCC Jnvcig Gr}g`cpcdinvs Advlg% On}ni xcee

}ns $1)=3 fceecdi "@D\ 6==1#)

Fn|g Vgedlnpcdi

Nidpbgv cj}dvpnip c||wg pbnp lgvpncies bn||lne cj}eclnpcdi| adv pbg Wicpg` \pnpg|

ni` \dwpb Kdvgn c| pbnp da fn|g vgedlnpcdi) @wvcih pbg Vdb n`jcic|pvnpcdi pbg

pcjg ecig adv ldi|dec`npcdi da W)\) Nvjs advlg| avdj |gqgvne |jnee fn|g| ni`

|wlb envhg ldj}dwi`| n| Sdih|ni "ci \gdwe# ni` Lnj} Ln|gs pd dig bwf np

Lnj} Bwj}bvgs| "ignv ]sdihpngk# xn| }w|bg` fnlk pd 6=>6 "Owih \) 6==8f#)

Fwp pbg vgedlnpcdi bn| vwi cipd iwjgvdw| }vdfegj|% idp pbg egn|p da xbclb bn|

fggi n ldipciwcih pvgi` da ld|p dqgvvwi|) Nlldv`cih pd vglgip }vg|| vg}dvp|%

pbg bgn` da pbg W)\) fn|g vgedlnpcdi dalg np pbg Jcic|pvs da Inpcdine @gagi|g%Jno) Hgi) ]nvk Fsdwih*bgg% |pnpg` ci Nwhw|p 6==2 pbnp pbg |c`g| nvg xdvkcih

pd |gp pbg pnvhgp sgnv ni` pd `gpgvjcig pbg grnlp ld|p da pbg }vdoglp% fwp pbgvg

|pcee vgjnci| n `caagvgilg da d}cicdi di |gqgvne c||wg| "Owih \) 6==2c#) Sdibn}

vg}dvpg` di 6> Owes 6==2 pbnp wiinjg` dalcne| ci \gdwe bnqg cj}ecg` pbnp pbg

dihdcih }vdoglp c| eckges pd fg gensg` "nhnci# adv np egn|p n agx jdipb|) Pbc| c|

nidpbgv c||wg pbnp xcee bnqg ni cj}nlp "nedih xcpb pbg c||wg da n pvni|advjnpcdi

da VDK advlg| pbnp |cj}es xcee idp jggp gcpbgv pbg pcjg ecig| dv ln}nfcecpcg|

vg~wcvgjgip| |gp wvcih pbg Vdb n`jcic|pvnpcdi# di pbg }eniig` c|g|pnfec|bjgip

da LAL ni` pbg ldvvg|}di`cih g|pnfec|bjgip da pxd |g}nvnpg VDK ni` W)\)xnv*hbpcih ldjjni`|)

CQ) Xnvpcjg D}gvnpcdine Ldipvde? Pbg Vchbp Jdqg np pbg Vchbp Pcjg4

C||wg| `c|lw||g` gnvecgv bnqg `cvglp vgegqnilg pd ni` nvg ne|d `cvglpes pcg` ci

xcpb }gvbn}| pbg jd|p |gi|cpcqg c||wg pd fg c|lw||g` bgvgpbg c||wg da xnvpcjg

d}gvnpcdine ldipvde) Nlldv`cih pd ni nhvggjgip vgnlbg` fgpxggi \glvgpnvs

da @gagi|g Vdfgvp J) Hnpg| ni` Jcic|pgv da Inpcdine @gagi|g Kcj Onih*|dd

ci 6==8% LAL c| pd fg `c|g|pnfec|bg`% ni` pbg VDK ni` W)\) jcecpnvcg| di pbgKdvgni }gici|wen xcee ldipciwg pd awilpcdi n| neecg| xcpb pxd |g}nvnpg xnvpcjg


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d}gvnpcdine ldjjni`| gaaglpcqg >8 N}vce 6=>6 "@D@ 6==8#) Sdibn} vg}dvpg`

di 61 Agfvwnvs 6==8 pbnp pbg c||wg da VDK ni` W)\) advlg| hbpcih n ldistclp

xcpb Idvpb Kdvgn wi`gv pxd |g}nvnpg jcecpnvs ldjjni`| bn| fggi n bwhg

|dwvlg da ldipgipcdi; jd|p VDK vgpcvg` jcecpnvs dalcne| ni` hgigvne| bnqgfggi d}gies lvcpclne da pbg lbnihg ci xnvpcjg D]LDI fglnw|g pbgs fgecgqg cp

c| fdpb }vgjnpwvg ni` `nihgvdw| pd pbg |glwvcps da \dwpb Kdvgn) Pbg Xgf |cpg

Hgd|pvnpghs*@cvglp)ldj vg}dvpg` di 6% fwp dpbgv dalcne| n`jcppg` pbnp pbg \dwpb

Kdvgni V!@ fw`hgp cilvgn|g` dies idjcinees ldj}nvg` xcpb fw`hgp| da pbg

pbvgg }vgqcdw| sgnv|) Ci`gg`% pdwhb inilcne pcjg| nbgn` jns jgni jdvg da

pbg |njg ci pbg awpwvg)

@g|}cpg pbg dwplvs avdj jnis ci \dwpb Kdvgn}nvpclwenves idx pbnp pbg egap*

da*lgipgv hdqgvijgip c| id edihgv ci }dxgv|gqgvne W)\) dalcne| bnqg |pnpg`

`gicpcqges pbnp }d|p}dicih pbg `npg adv |g}nvnpg xnv*hbpcih ldjjni`| "ni`

gi`cih pbg |wllg||awe pgiwvg da LAL# c| |cj}es idp ni d}pcdi) Sdibn} Igx|

vg}dvpg` di 6> @glgjfgv 6==8 pbnp pbg dwphdcih W)\) njfn||n`dv pd \dwpb

Kdvgn% Negrni`gv Qgv|bfdx% |pnpg` pbc| xbgi bg |nc`% N| C |nc`% pbg |pvnpghcl

pvni|cpcdi }eni c| nevgn`s nhvgg` w}di ni` cp c| fgcih cj}egjgipg`) Ci js

qcgx pbc| c| n fch jc|pnkg) Nepbdwhb ldj}egpg |gea*vgecnilg ni` cp| dxi |g}nvnpgxnvpcjg ldjjni` jns |ggj eckg pbg vchbp pbcih pd d ci pbg edih vwi% cp xcee ~wcpg

|cj}es fg cj}d||cfeg pd vgnec|pclnees ldj}egpg nee da pbg cicpcnpcqg| cj}dvpnip adv

n||wjcih xnvpcjg D]LDI fs 6=>6 dv pd bnqg nispbcih led|g pd n |gea*vgecnip

\dwpb Kdvgni jcecpnvs fs pbnp pcjg) Dig da pbg kgs vgn|di| adv pbc| c| fglnw|g

pbg pbvgnp avdj Idvpb Kdvgn ni` pbg Idvpb Kdvgni hdqgvijgip| cipgipcdi| pd

w|g pbnp pbvgnp bnqg idp |wf|c`g`)

N |}glcne g`cpcdi da pbgKdvgn Bgvne`% }wfec|bg` ci @glgjfgv 6==8 wvcih Egg

Jswih*fnk| lnj}nchi adv pbg }vg|c`gils% vg}dvpg` pbnp Egg| nc`g| bcipg` pbnpEgg jchbp ldi|c`gv n }vd}d|ne pd pbg Wicpg` \pnpg| pbnp xdwe` }w|b fnlk pbg

`c|jnipegjgip da LAL adv pxd dv pbvgg sgnv| wieg|| Idvpb Kdvgn `c|lnv`| cp|

iwlegnv xgn}di| }vdhvnj|) Pbw|% pbg c||wg jns idp sgp fg `gn`) Kcj Png*xdd%

n vg|gnvlbgv np pbg Kdvgni Ci|pcpwpg adv @gagi|g Nines|c|% vglgipes |nc`% Egg

bn| fggi |ggkcih pd pnkg n jdvg lnwpcdw| }d|cpcdi di pbg xnvpcjg d}gvnpcdine

ldipvde pvni|agv) Kcj awvpbgv ldjjgipg`% Idx xg jw|p |gg xbgpbgv Egg lni

ldiqcilg pbg Wicpg` \pnpg| pd lbnihg cp| jci`% pbdwhb cp |ggj| pd fg n edih |bdp

np pbg jdjgip "Owih B) 6==2#) Cj}dvpnip ni` }dxgvawe jgjfgv| da pbg Inpcdine

N||gjfes ne|d |w}}dvp }w|bcih fnlk pbg `npg adv pvni|agv da xnvpcjg D]LDI)Idp pbg egn|p da pbg|g c| Kcj Bnk*|dih "6==2#% pbg lwvvgip lbncvjni da pbg >2pb


21/29



22/29


Q) Ldilew|cdi|

Ci js qcgx% adwv fn|cl }ceenv| da ldd}gvnpcdi xcee gibnilg pbg lwvvgip |pnpw| ~wd)

Ci }vgqcdw| }n}gv| C bnqg n``vg||g` pbg adwv fn|cl }ceenv| da ldd}gvnpcdi% fdpb`djg|pclnees ni` xcpb pbg Wicpg` \pnpg|% pbnp pbg \dwpb Kdvgni hdqgvijgip lni

eddk pd n| egn`gv| ldiavdip pbg pbvgnp da n vdhwg |pnpg pd pbg idvpb ni` pbg pdwhb

|lne vgnecpcg| pbgs xcee ldipciwg pd anlg fglnw|g da lbneegihcih gldidjcl pcjg|

"Fglbpde 6==2#?

Led|gv pglbidedhclne ldd}gvnpcdi) Pbc| |bdwe` ciqdeqg fchhgv% jdvg vdfw|p%

edihgv*vnihg ldjfnp% ldjjwiclnpcdi|% ni` cipgeechgilg |s|pgj|) Hdqgvijgip

ni` fw|cig|| jw|p cicpcnpg odcip qgipwvg| pbnp xcee ginfeg ~wnecps adlw|g` }vdhvnj|

pbnp xcee w}hvn`g `gagi|g ln}nfcecpcg| ni` |wv}n|| pbvgnp |s|pgj| xbceg pbgs`dxi}ens qweigvnfcecpcg| pbnp nvg eckges pd dllwv n| LAL c| `c||deqg`)

Led|gv cipgeeglpwne ldd}gvnpcdi) Cipgeeglpwne ldd}gvnpcdi |bdwe` adlw| di

n vgigxg` ni` ldipciwcih ldjjcpjgip pd ldjfcig` `dlpvcig% pvncicih% ni`

g`wlnpcdi)

Led|gv c`gdedhclne ldd}gvnpcdi) C`gdedhclne ldd}gvnpcdi cilew`g| n igxadwi`

ldjjcpjgip pd `gjdlvnls% bwjni vchbp|% ni` avgg*jnvkgp gldidjcg| n| \dwpb

Kdvgn ni` pbg Wicpg` \pnpg| vgnavj ni neecnilg pbnp anlg` pdwhb pcjg| wi`gvpbg }vgqcdw| n`jcic|pvnpcdi ci pbg Fewg Bdw|g)

Ac|lne ldjjcpjgip) N ldjjcpjgip pd |w}}dvp pbg dpbgv pbvgg }ceenv| lni fg

nlldj}ec|bg` pbvdwhb gagi|g n}}vd}vcnpcdi| pbnp ginfeg vgnec|pcl% pbvgnp*fn|g`

nl~wc|cpcdi da cj}dvpnip |s|pgj| pbnp xcee fg igg`g` adv pvwes ci`g}gi`gip

inpcdine gagi|g ln}nfcecpcg|)

N| \dwpb Kdvgn eddk| pd cj}vdqg cp| inpcdine `gagi|g% pbg Wicpg` \pnpg| lni

ne|d }ens n jnodv vdegpbnp da n |pvdih |w}}dvpcih nees) Fs needxcih pbg VDKhdqgvijgip pcjg pd fwce` w} cp| ln}nfcecpcg| ni` cj}vdqg cp| advlg|}gvbn}| fs

`genscih pbg cj}egjgipnpcdi da n lbnihg pd xnvpcjg D]LDIXn|bcihpdi xcee

}vdqg pbnp cp |w}}dvp| cp| edsne jcecpnvs nees ni` |gqgipb*envhg|p pvn`cih }nvpigv

"Fw|cig|| Vdwi`pnfeg 6==1#) Pd nis nines|p xbd bn| `dig n pbdvdwhb nines|c|

da lwvvgip ldvvgenpcdi da advlg|% d}}d|cih vg}dxgv vnpcd|% dv pgvvnci*`djcinpg`

|pvnpghs% cp c| dfqcdw| pbnp \dwpb Kdvgn| jcecpnvs xcee ldipciwg pd igg` pbg bge} da

pbg Wicpg` \pnpg| ci jggpcih pbg Idvpb Kdvgni pbvgnp) Pbg psvniis da }vdrcjcps

`clpnpg| pbnp dig lni bnv`es `vnx nis dpbgv ldilew|cdi) Ep) Hgi) G`xnv` Vclg

da W\AO vglgipes vgjnvkg`? Idvpb Kdvgn ldipciwg| pd fg n vghcjg pbnp c| idpqgvs pvni|}nvgip ci pgvj| da pbgcv ln}nfcecpcg| ni` pbgcv cipgipcdi| "N] 6==2#)


23/29


Pbw|% pbg Wicpg` \pnpg| ni` \dwpb Kdvgn jw|p vgciadvlg ni neecnilg pbnp xcee

ldipciwg pd ldipvcfwpg pd pbg |glwvcps da pbg Kdvgni }gici|wen ni` pbg |pnfcecps

da Idvpbgn|p N|cn n| n xbdeg)

EC\P DA VGAGVGILG\

N] "N||dlcnpg` ]vg||#) 6==2) W)\) Jcecpnvs Fcee| I) Kdvgn ]dpgipcne Pbvgnp% Lnee| adv JdvgCiad% >7 Owes) xxx)fvgcpfnvp)ldjnvpcleg)}b}4c`:@3>W0^VH=!|bdxTnvpcleg:>)

N}}eghnpg% Jgec||n) 6==>) ]vg}nvcih adv N|sjjgpvs? N| \ggi pbvdwhb pbg Egi| da OdcipQc|cdi 6=6=) Lnvec|eg% ]n)? \pvnpghcl \pw`cg| Ci|pcpwpg) xxx)nw)na)jcenwnxlnxlhnpg||c}vg}nvih)}à)

Fglbpde% Fvwlg G)% Ov) 6==2) Advhcih n Ldjjdi N}}vdnlb di \pvgihpb? Lbneegihg| ni`D}}dvpwicpcg| adv pbg Egg Jswih*fnk ]vg|c`gils ni` pbg VDK*W\ Neecnilg) CiWi`gv|pni`cih Igx ]decpclne Vgnecpcg| ci \gdwe? Xdvkcih pdxnv` n Ldjjdi

N}}vdnlb pd \pvgihpbgi W)\)*Kdvgni Vgenpcdi|% g`) E) Hdv`di Aenkg ni`]nvk Vsd*fswh) Xn|bcihpdi @)L)? Jnwvggi ni` Jckg Jni|ge` Adwi`npcdi)xxx)jni|geàì)dvh}wf|}wfT}à|W\*VDKTineTr)}à)

Fgee% F) F) 6==8n) \pnpgjgip da Hgigvne F) F) Fgee fgadvg pbg \ginpg Nvjg` \gvqclg|Ldjjcppgg) 60 N}vce) bpp}?nvjg`*|gvqclg|)|ginpg)hdq|pnpgjip6==8N}vceFgee'6==0*60*=8)}à)

) 6==8f) Pg|pcjdis fgadvg pbg Bdw|g Nvjg` \gvqclg| Ldjjcppgg) 8 Jnvlb) xxx)|bn}|)bnxncc)g`w|glwvcpsw|6==8FgeeTPg|pcjdis=663T>Ti)|bpje)

Fgvjw`gz% Od|g}b \)% Ov) 6==> Idqgjfgv) xxx)onig|)ldj`gagilgeni`Tadvlg|igx|c`vc`v=>>>T>Ti)|bpje)

) 6==7) Jdqcih Jc||ceg|)Onig| @gagilg Xggkes% 68 Owes) xxx)onig|)ldj`gagilg

eni`Tadvlg|igx|o`xo`x=7=868T>Ti)|bpje)

Fdg|g% Xn`g) 6==2) Igx| Nines|c|? Jc||ceg @gagi|g Vdeg ^wg|pcdig`) Nvj| LdipvdePd`ns% OwesNwhw|p) xxx)nvj|ldipvde)dvhnlp6==2T=8*=2Igx|Nines|c|)

Fw|cig|| Vdwi`pnfeg) 6==1) C||wg Fvcga? W)\)*Kdvgn APN) bpp}?pvn`g)fw|cig||vdwi`pnfeg)dvhpvn`gT6==1kdvgnKdvgnTAPN0)}à)

Lbn% Qclpdv) 6==2) Ldjjgipnvs? @g|pvwlpcqg @djg|pcl ]decpcl|) Lbd|wi Cefd% 6> Owes)bpp}?gihec|b)lbd|wi)ldjx6>`npnbpjeigx|6==2=86==2=86>==>


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|cdine Vg|gnvlb \gvqclg% 7 Dlpdfgv) bpp}?a}l)|pnpg)hdq`dlwjgip|dvhnznpcdi813331) Idvpb Kdvgn? ]nvp Pbvgg? \}glcne D}gvnpcdi| Advlg|) xxx)hedfne|glwvcps)dvhxj`ecfvnvsigx|`}vk>331k}n*hwc`g}nvp=6=8}nlcl)n|})

Bnv`gi% Fencig) 6==2) I) Kdvgn% Nihvs dqgv Pgvvdv Ec|p% Pbvgnpgi| pd Vgfwce` Iwlegnv

]vdhvnj) Xn|bcihpdi ]d|p% 68 Nwhw|p) xxx)xn|bcihpdi}d|p)ldjx}*`sildipgipnvpcleg6==2=261NV6==2=261==


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Oci @ng*xddih) 6==8) Jcecpnvs Nvj| Fwce`w} pd Ld|p X>10pv Dqgv Igrp Acqg Sgnv|)Kdvgn Bgvne`% >3 Owes)

Owih Bn*xdi) 6==2) Bdp Pd}cl| Nxncp Egg*Fw|b \wjjcp) Oddihnih Cefd% 0 Nwhw|p) bpp}?oddihnih`nces)odci|)ldjnvpclegqcgx)n|}4nc`:6238Dlpdfgv) xxx)kdvgnpcjg|)ld)kvxxxigx|inpcdi6==8>66=7T>6=86)bpje)

) 6==8f) \dwpb Kdvgn*W)\) Neecnilg Gipgv| Igx Gvn)Kdvgn Pcjg|% @glgjfgv)xxx)kdvgnpcjg|)ld)kvxxxigx||}glcne6==2=2>2=T>17=>)bpje)

) 6==2n) @gagi|g Vgadvj Anlg| Dqgvbnwe)Kdvgn Pcjg|% 68 Nwhw|p) xxx)kdvgn*pcjg|)ld)kvxxxigx|inpcdi6==2=2>>1T0>)bpje)

) 6==2f) Kdvgn pd Pnkg Dqgv >=pb% En|p \glwvcps Jc||cdi Avdj W)\)Kdvgn Pcjg|%>1 Nwhw|p) xxx)kdvgnpcjg|)ld)kvxxxigx|inpcdi6==2=26=7T67333)bpje)

) 6==2l) Jcecpnvs Xcee Vg`wlg @vcee| pd \nqg Gigvhs)Kdvgn Pcjg|% 8 Owes) xxx)kdvgnpcjg|)ld)kvxxxigx|inpcdi6==2=26=7T68>87)bpje)

) 6==2`) I) Kdvgn Fen|p| W\ Jc||ceg \bcge`%Kdvgn Pcjg|% 62 N}vce) xxx)kdvgnPcjg|)ld)kvxxxigx|inpcdi6==2=2>6=T66=06)bpje)

) 6==2g) \) Kdvgn*W)\) Odcip @vcee Fghci|%Kdvgn Pcjg|% >8 Nwhw|p) xxx)kdvgn

Ppcjg|)ld)kvxxxigx|inpcdi6==2=2>>1\g}pgjfgv) xxx)kdvgnpcjg|)ld)kvxxxigx|inpcdi6==2=36=7T>66)bpje)

) 6==2h) \dwpb Kdvgn pd Enwilb Pbgnpgv Ldjjni` fs =3)@gagi|g Igx|% >6>1T68)bpje)

) 6==2o) W)\) Fn|g Vgedlnpcdi Ld|p Eckges pd Cilvgn|g)Kdvgn Pcjg|% 2 Owig) xxx)kdvgnpcjg|)ld)kvxxxigx|inpcdi6==2=26=7T677>6)bpje)

) 6==2k) Xn|bcihpdi Wvhg| \gdwe pd ]ns Jdvg adv Pvdd}|)Kdvgn Pcjg|% 66 Owes)xxx)kdvgnpcjg|)ld)kvxxxigx|inpcdi6==2=86=7T6833=)bpje)

Owii \wih*lbwee) 6==2) ]vg|c`gip Egg| Fgga Fewi`gv)Anv Gn|pgvi Gldidjcl Vgqcgx% >>Owes) xxx)aggv)ldjcipgvinpcdine*vgenpcdi|6==2owes]vg|c`gip*Egg|*Fgga*Fewi`gv)

Knih Bswi*kswih) 6==2) Inpcdi Anlg| Pdwhb Pcjg|)Kdvgn Pcjg|% >7 Owes) xxx)kdvgnpcjg|)ld)kvxxxigx|inpcdi6==2=2>>1T6816>)bpje)


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Knih Ci*|ck) 6==2) ]n}gv| @c|led|g \glvgp| Fgbci` \pvggp ]vdpg|p|) Oddihnih Cefd% >6Owes) bpp}?oddihnih`nces)odci|)ldjnvpclegqcgx)n|}4nc`:6236667)

Kn}eni% Vdfgvp @) 6==1) Xbgi Idvpb Kdvgn Anee|) Npenipcl Jdipbes% Dlpdfgv) xxx)pbgnpenipcl)ldj`dl6==1>=kn}eni*kdvgn)

Kcj Bnk*|dih) 6==2) ]vdeg [ci KdvgniZ) ]gv|dine Bc|pdvs Xgf }nhg) xxx)ocibng|nvnih)ld)kv}vdegbc|pdvs)}b})

Kcj% Onlk) 6==2) Idvpb Kdvgn pd \w|}gi` Iwlegnv @c|nfegjgip) Vgwpgv|% 61 Nwhw|p)xxx)vgwpgv|)ldjnvpclegpd}Igx|c`W\\GD6>8606==2=2614agg`Ps}g:V\\!agg`Injg:pd}Igx|)

Kcj Jci*\gdk) 6==2) Ci \}s Qgv|w| \}s% \gdwe Bde`| Bchb*Pglb G`hg)Oddihnih Cefd%>3 Jns) bpp}?oddihnih`nces)odci|)ldjnvpclegqcgx)n|}4nc`:6223312)

Kcj Jci*|gdk ni` Fvcni Egg) 6==7) Kgs @gagi|g Jc||cdi pd hd pd Kdvgni Jcecpnvs) Oddihnih Cefd% >> N}vce) bpp}?oddihnih`nces)odci|)ldj6==7=0>=6==7=0>=667


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Vwfci% Wzc) 6==1) Pbg Hedfne Vnihg da Cvni| Fneec|pcl Jc||ceg ]vdhvnj) Ogvw|negj C||wgfvcga "Ogvw|negj Lgipgv adv ]wfecl Naancv|% Ci|pcpwpg adv Ldipgj}dvnvs Naancv|# 7%id) 61 "6= Owig#) xxx)ol}n)dvhfvcgafvcga==7*61)bpj)

\lbxnvpz% Pbdjn| N) 6===) Pg|pcjdis fgadvg pbg \ginpg Nvjg` \gvqclg| Ldjjcppgg% 8Jnvlb) bpp}?nvjg`*|gvqclg|)|ginpg)hdq|pnpgjip6======)}`a)

\bcj Ong Bddi) 6==2) Adv pbg Egap% W)\) Fgga Cj}dvp| Fgldjg ni C||wg pd ]w|b FnlkEgg| Vgadvj|) N|cn \gipcige% >> Owig) xxx)n|cn|gipcige)ldjci`gr) }b}4d}pcdi:ldjTldipgip!pn|k:qcgx!c`:>67>!Cpgjc`:)

\d Lbci Png) 6==6) Vgln|pcih pbg Qcnfcecps da n \jnee Nees| Ncv}dxgv? \dwpb Kdvgn ciAdlw|)Ncv ni` \}nlg ]dxgv Odwvine"Lbvdicleg| Diecig Odwvine#% > Dlpdfgv)xxx)ncv}dxgv)jnrxgee)na)jcencvlbvdicleg|llpng)bpje)

\pgcifgvh% @nqc` C) 6==2) Geglpcdi| ci pbg Vg}wfecl da Kdvgn? Advgchi ]decls Nepgvinpcqg|wi`gv Igx Egn`gv|bc}) ]n}gv }vg|gipg` np ldiagvgilg% Geglpcdi|% ]decpclnePvni|cpcdi| ni` Advgchi ]decls ci Gn|p N|cn; Advgchi ]decls Vg|gnvlb Ci|pcpwpg%]bcen`ge}bcn% >0 N}vce) xxx)a}vc)dvhgidpg|6==2=1)|pgcifgvh)geglpcdi|kdvgn)bpje)

Pdedvnsn% Hgdvhs) 6==2) Idvpb Kdvgn Idx? Xcee pbg Ledlk Fg Pwvig` Fnlk4 Xn|bcihpdi%@)L)? Fvddkcih| Ci|pcpwpcdi) xxx)fvddkcih|)g`wnvpcleg|6==2=6>>TidvpbTkdvgnTpde*dvnsn)n|}r)

Pvdjfcpn|% \cjgdi H) 6==8) Cipgvqcgx xcpb Fvchn`cgv Hgigvne \cjgdi H) Pvdjfcpn|)\}glcne D}gvnpcdi| Pglbidedhs 7% id) 8 ">7 Dlpdfgv#)

Qclk% Lbnveg| ]) 6==1) Bn| pbg Id*@dih F\bnbnf*0 Acinees Fggi Pg|pg` ci Cvni adv IdvpbKdvgn4 Hedfne \glwvcps)dvh% 6 Jns) xxx)hedfne|glwvcps)dvhxj`ecfvnvsvg*}dvp6==1l}qclk*id*`dih*fT6==1)bpj)

Qdi Bc}}ge% @nqc` A) 6==1) G|pcjnpg` @]VK Jcecpnvs Gigvhs W|g? Ninespclne N}}vdnlbni` @vnap W}`npg` Vg|wep|) ]vg|gipnpcdi adv @]VK Gigvhs Gr}gvp \pw`s Hvdw}jggpcih% \pniadv` Wicqgv|cps% 6168 Owig) bpp}?inwpcew|)dvh`}vkgigvhsjggpcih}n}gv|`qbT`}vkTjcecpnvs)}}p)

Swi \nih*bd) 6==7) >%=== Hwc`g` Jc||ceg| pd Fg Cipvd`wlg` pd Ldwipgv Idvpb Kd vg niNvpceegvs)@dihn Cefd% >= N}vce) bpp}?gihec|b)`dihn)ldj|vq|gvqclg) }b}>72


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preparing for future threats and regional challenges: the rok-u.s. military alliance in 2008-09 by...

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