preparing for implementation: initial requirements under the kyoto protocol unfccc information event...
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Preparing for implementation: Preparing for implementation: Initial requirements under the Initial requirements under the
Kyoto ProtocolKyoto Protocol
UNFCCC Information Event
Halldor Thorgeirsson
Clare Breidenich
Andrew Howard
Katia Simeonova
Overview of presentationOverview of presentation
Objective: to remind Parties of the basic rules and requirements of the Kyoto Protocol
Particular emphasis on pre-commitment period
Basic Architecture: reporting, review and compliance
Initial report and accounting requirements
4th national communications and demonstrable progress
Secretariat’s preparation for implementation
Emissions side Assigned amount side
Projectedemissions
Annex Bassignedamount
Finalemissions
LULUCF activities
Mechanismsacquisitions
<=>
Compliance with Annex B targetsCompliance with Annex B targets
Reporting ofquantitativeinformation
Compilation and accounting database(emissions, assigned amount information,
mechanisms eligibility)
Reviewprocess
ComplianceCommittee
COP/MOP
Reporting ofqualitativeinformation
International transaction log
Joint implementation
CDM
National registries
Kyoto compliance architectureKyoto compliance architecture
Kyoto Protocol reportingKyoto Protocol reporting
Initial report toestablish assignedamount (once prior tocommitment period)
• GHG Inventory with base year
• Calculation of assigned amount under 3.7& 8
• Calculation of commitment period reserve
• National registry
• National inventory system
• LULUCF definitions and elections
Annual reporting (withConvention inventory)
• GHG Inventory
• LULUCF information
• Assigned amount info
• 3.14 information
Nationalcommunications (every 5 years)
• Convention elements
• National Inventory System
• National Registry
• Supplementarity
• Article 2 polices and measures
• Legislative, enforcement
and administrative arrangements
• Technology transfer, capacity building and other Article 10 activities
• Financial resources
Report on demonstrableProgress (once in 2006)
• Domestic measures
• GHG trends
• How measures will help meet commitments
• Article 10 and 11 activities
Article 8 review processArticle 8 review process
Four types
- Review of initial report
- Periodic review of national communications
- Annual review of 7.1 information
- Expedited review to reinstate mechanisms eligibility
All review reports forwarded to Compliance Committee
Compliance Committee to consider any ‘questionsof implementation’ raised in the reports
COP/MOP
Any PartyERT
Bureau
FacilitativeBranch
EnforcementBranch
Questions of implementation about itself or another Party
Compliance Committee
Annual report
All review review reports
Provision of generalpolicy guidance
Compliance CommitteeCompliance Committee
Compliance Committee BranchesCompliance Committee Branches
Enforcement Branch
- Resolves questions of implementation regardingquantitative requirements (targets, emissions, AA)
- Determines whether to apply adjustments or corrections for compilation and accounting purposes
- Can suspend or reinstate mechanisms eligibility
Facilitative Branch
- Provides advice and assistance for compliance
- Addresses questions of implementation regardingnon-quantitative commitments, including Article 3.14
2006 2008 20092007 2012 2013 20142011 20152010
4th Nat Communication & Demonstrable Progress Reports
Reports to establish
Assigned Amount
Voluntary Annual Reporting under 7.1
5th National Communication?
‘True-up period’ Report
Mandatory Annual Reporting under 7.1
Article 8 Review Process
Compliance Committee
3.1 Compliance Assessment
Kyoto implementation timelineKyoto implementation timeline
Kyoto Protocol accountingKyoto Protocol accounting
>=<
Emissions 2008 - 2012
Secretariat compilation
and accountingdatabase
Article 3.1 complianceassessment
Review and compliance processes
National systems
Annex I Partysystems
Emissionsinventories
Reportingprocess
National registries
Kyoto Protocol units
Assigned amount
2008 - 2012
Eligibility requirements
Purpose of the initial reportPurpose of the initial report
“To facilitate calculation of its assigned amount and demonstrateits capacity to account for emissions and assigned amount”
Report due by 1 January 2007 Submission triggers process to establish assigned amount and
mechanisms eligibility
- In-country review by expert teams under Article 8to be completed within 1 year
- All review reports forwarded to Compliance Committee for consideration
- Resolution of any questions of implementation to be done by Enforcement Branch
- Facilitative Branch to address any requests for advice and assistance
National systemsNational systems
Required for estimation of GHG emissions and removals To be established by 1 January 2007 Institutional, legal and procedural arrangements
necessary to produce inventory
- Single national entity with inventory responsibility
- Inventory planning (define responsibilities, choice of methods and data)
- Preparation (use of good practice guidance, datacollection, inventory uncertainty)
- Quality assurance and quality control procedures
- Reporting and archive inventory information
National systems (continued)National systems (continued)
National System requirements are functional Compliance depends on ability to produce reliable inventory
Any questions of implementation identified by expert review team to be considered by the Enforcement Branch
National system required for mechanisms eligibility
Problems with national system could prevent Party from participating in Kyoto mechanisms
National greenhouse gas inventoryNational greenhouse gas inventory
All gases and sources Article 3.3/4 LULUCF removals not included
until commitment period
Full geographic coverage
Complete time-series All years from base year up to most recent available
Use of methods consistent with IPCC methodologiesand Good Practice Guidance
Submitted in standardized electronic reporting tables (common reporting format)
National inventory report (description of methods used, data sources, etc)
Base year inventoryBase year inventory
Base year emissions used for assigned amount calculation
- 1990 (unless other year or period has been approved)
- Elected year for F-gases (1990 or 1995)
- Deforestation emissions (if LUCF clause applies)
ERT may recommend application of a conservative ‘adjustment’ if problem is identified
base year emission estimates adjusted downwards
Estimate (adjusted if necessary) is recorded in compilation and accounting database
Problems with base year inventory can result in a reduction in assigned amount
Land use, land-use change and forestryLand use, land-use change and forestry
Definitions for LULUCF parameters (e.g. forest, crown height, etc)
Elections of activities under Article 3.4 Accounting period (annual or over commitment period)
for each 3.3 activity and each elected 3.4 activity
Party’s choices are recorded in C&A database and are mandatory for commitment period
Assigned-amount-related elementsAssigned-amount-related elements
Initial report of Annex B Party
Description of the national registry
Party’s calculation of its assigned amount
Commitment period reserve
Other assessment reports from administrator cooperation
Show results of independent testing
Show results of initializing registry communications with the ITL, in accordance with the data exchange standards
National registriesNational registries
Electronic databases established by Annex B Parties
Track holdings of units in accounts for Parties and entities
Track transactions of units in and between accounts
- Issuance and conversion of units
- Acquisition of units from other registries
- Cancellation and replacement of units
- Retirement of units for compliance purposes
- Carry-over of surplus units to next commitment period
Process transactions in accordance with thespecifications of the data exchange standards
Transactions monitored by the international transaction log
Setting aside assigned amountsSetting aside assigned amounts
Annex B Parties show compliance with theiremissions commitments by ‘retiring’ assigned amounts
Units issued for assigned amount (Article 3.7 and 3.8)
Units issued for net removals from LULUCF activities
Units converted on the basis of JI projects
Units generated by CDM projects
Units acquired through emissions trading
Each unit equals 1 tonne of CO2 equivalent
Compliance is … when retirement = emissions
Establishment of Assigned AmountEstablishment of Assigned Amount
Party calculates assigned amount (Article 3.7 and 3.8)
- reviewed base year inventory
- Annex B target
- An Article 4 agreement, if appropriate
Party’s calculation is reviewed in the initial review
Assigned amount recorded after review and consideration by the Compliance Committee
Takes account of any adjustments made
Once recorded, assigned amount is fixed for the entire commitment period
Mechanisms eligibility requirementsMechanisms eligibility requirements
a. Party to the Kyoto Protocol
b. Assigned amount calculated
c. National system in place for estimating emissions/removals
d. National registry in place for tracking assigned amount
e. Submission of most recent required emissions inventory
f. Accurate accounting of assigned amount and submission of information
Full eligibility
a. Party to the Kyoto Protocol
b. Assigned amount calculated
d. National registry in place for tracking assigned amount
Track 2 JI projects
Determining and maintaining eligibilityDetermining and maintaining eligibility
Automatic eligibility after 16 months of initial report (unless Enforcement Branch determines a requirement is not met)
Party must continue to meet requirements to maintain eligibility
- Annual inventory and assigned amount reporting
- Inventories pass the quality test in the annual review
Enforcement Branch can suspend eligibility
44thth national communication national communication and report on and report on
demonstrable progressdemonstrable progress
Reporting on Reporting on Convention implementationConvention implementation
• National circumstances
• Policies and measures
• Projections
• Vulnerability, impacts and adaptation
• Financial resources and transfer of technology
• Research and systematic observation
• Education, training and public awareness
Reporting on Reporting on Kyoto Protocol implementationKyoto Protocol implementation
• National Inventory System
• National Registry
• Supplementarity (in use of mechanisms)
• Domestic policies and measures
• Article 2 policies and measures
• Legislative, enforcement and administrative arrangements
• Technology transfer, capacity building and other Article 10 activities
• Financial Resources
Elements defined by COP decisionsElements defined by COP decisions
Annex II Parties to provide information on support programmes in developing countries on
- Adaptation (decision 5/CP.7)
- Meeting needs and concerns from the implementation
of response measures (decision 5/CP.7)
All Parties requested to provide information on
- Monitoring the progress in implementation of the framework for capacity building (decision 2/CP.7)
- Implementation of the New Delhi work programme on education, training and public awareness under
Article 6 (decision 11/CP.8)
Submission and ReviewSubmission and Review
Submission date: 1 January 2006
Inform the secretariat in case of delay
Delay of more than 6 weeks brought to attention of the COP/MOP, Compliance Committee and made public
Periodic review (in-country) for each Annex I KP Party
Starts when it submits the NC under the KP
Completed for all Parties in two years of the NC submission
Review outcome:
Potential problems (transparency, completeness, timeliness)
Recommendations and assessment (treatment of potential problems)
Problems with the NC could result in an action by the Facilitative Branch of the Compliance Committee
Report on demonstrable progressReport on demonstrable progress
Progress in achieving commitments by 2005 is mandatory (Article 3.2)
Report due on 1 January 2006, consistent with NC4 information (decisions 22/CP.7 and 25/CP.8)
- Description of policies and measures
- Trends in, and projections of, national GHG emissions
- Evaluation of the impact of domestic policies and measures on trends and projections
- Description of activities undertaken in fulfilment of the commitments under Articles 10 and 11
Consideration of the report on Consideration of the report on demonstrable progressdemonstrable progress
The secretariat to prepare a synthesis report
SBI and COP/MOP to consider synthesis report
Report could provide basis for assessing emissions and trends in light of the long-term climate challenge
Status of Registry systemsStatus of Registry systems Data exchange standards completed in 2004
Coordinate registry systems processing
International transaction log
- Technical design completed in 2004
- Funding constraints have delayed implementation
- Completion of deployment expected in 3rd quarter of 2006
- Registries to initialize communications with ITL in 2nd half
CDM registry
- Deployed in 2004 (issuance/distribution of CDM units)
- Remaining development to be completed in July 2005
Status of review and complianceStatus of review and compliance
Review processes basically in place
- Will be intensified for initial reviews
- More experts needed
- Consideration of how to streamline processes Compliance Committee
- Internal procedures and databases under development
- Members of Committee to be elected at COP/MOP 1
- Elaborate procedures and working arrangements in 2006
Compilation and Accounting Database
- GHG information system in place
- additional modules under development on LULUCF, adjustments, assigned amount info (completed mid-2006)