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Cassava bagasse cellulosenanofibrils reinforced

thermoplastic cassava starch

Present by : Ratc

hada Fongchaiya

By : Eliangela de M. Teixeira, Daniel Pasquini, Antnio A.S.Curvelo, Elisngela Corradini, Mohamed N. Belgacem,Alain Dufresne

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Outline

Introduction1

Experimental2

Results and Discussion3

Conclusion4

References5

2

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Introduction

Thermoplastic Starch

Cassava Bagasse

Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is a biodegradable polymer

with brittleness and poor water resistance

3

The cassava bagasse is the industrial exploitation

of cassava starch.

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Introduction

Transmision electron microscopy (TEM)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM)

Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)

CharacterizedBy

X-ray diffraction (XRD)

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)

Tensile tests

Water uptake

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Experimental

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10 g of cassava bagasse (CS) weredispersed in 200 mL of 6.5 M H

2SO

4

centrifugationat 8000 rpm for 10 min and

Dialysis against distilled water until pH 6-7

Cassava Starch (CS) mixed withglycerol or a glycerol/sorbitol mixture

Stearic acid (0.5 wt%) was

added to each mixture

Mixtures a Haake Rheomix 600equipped with rollerrotors rotating at 60 rpm 6 min

Processed samples at 140 C into 1 and 2 mm thick

plates

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Results and discussion

(a) SEM of CB

(b) SEM of CBN

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Scanning electron micrograph of (a) CB and (b) dried CBN.

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Results and discussion

Physical aspect suspension of CBN

100 nm

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Diameter 2 -11 nm

Length 360 1700 nm

TEM dilute

suspension of CBN.

AFM dried CBN.

Diameter higher value

25 7 nm

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Atromic force microscopy

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AFM

AFM

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Results and discussion

RetentionTime

Codifi-cation

Probable component

6.37 a Maltose

7.08 b Maltose, Sucrose,

Cellobiose

8.25 c Glucose, Sucrose

8.63 d Sucrose

9.30 e Fructose, Xylose

10.20 f Arabinose

10.75 g n.i. (*)

12.32 h n.i. (*)

13.40 i Formic acid

14.58 j Acetic acid

2.77 k n.i. (*)

The standards and CBN

chromatogram of HPLC

10 (*)n.i., not identified.

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Results and discussion

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X ray diffraction patterns forCB and dried CBN

Crystallinity index

Cassava Bagasse (CB) 43.7 %CBN 54.1 %

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Results and discussion

TGA curves measured under air at 20 C min-1 flow for CB and CBN

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At 50 150C whichcorresponds to a mass loss of

absorbed moisture of 12%.At 220 280C starchand cellulose

decomposition.

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Results and discussion

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SEM of freshly fractured surface of TPSG (A), TPSG20 (B), TPSGS (C),

and TPSGS20 (D).

(A) TPSG

(B) TPSG20 (D) TPSGS20

(C) TPSGS

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Results and discussion

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X-ray diffraction of TPSG and TPSGS.

2 = 19.6

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Results and discussion

CBN content (wt%) Crystalinity index (2 = 19.6) Water uptake (%)

TPSG TPSGS TPSG TPSGS

0 35 31 11.24 0.11 9.30 0.14

5 33 26 7.11 0.10 7.65 0.11

10 32 28 7.30 0.08 7.70 0.18

20 33 28 7.63 0.06 7.90 0.15

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Quantitative characterization of crystallinity (2= 19.6) and water uptake at equilibrium (after 10

days conditioning at 25 2 C and 53% RH) for neat matrices and nanocomposites samples.

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Results and discussion

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tan as a function of

temperature

Tg ~ 20C

Tg ~ 25C

Tg ~ 45C

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Results and discussion

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Log E' as a function of

temperature.

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Results and discussion

CBN content (%) Tgstarch

(C) Log E(25 C) (MPa)

TPSG TPSGS TPSG TPSGS

0 45 25 7.40 8.06

5 20 25 7.45 8.15

10 20 25 7.72 8.22

20 20 25 7.72 8.24

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Main relaxation temperature (Tgstarch

) and logarithm of the storage modulus (E0)

for the samples.

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Results and discussion

1.81.5

2.82.6

4.1

4.8

3.84.2

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 5 10 15 20

TensileStrendth(MP

a)

%CBN

29.8

76.7 76.5

55

83.3

71

79

92.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 5 10 15 20

Elonga

tionatbreak(%)

% CBN

16.823.7 25.8

27.3

44.5

84.3

51.5 49.1

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 5 10 15 20

ElasticModulus(MPa)

% CBN19

TPSGS

TPSG

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Conclusion

Cellulose nanofibrils with high length (3601700 nm) and low diameter (211 nm) weredirectly extracted from cassava bagasse.

These phenomena seem to be more favored when using the glycerol/sorbitol mixture than

when using glycerol alone.

The addition of cellulose nanofibers in the thermoplastic starch matrix results in a

decrease of its hydrophilic character and capacity of water uptake especially for glycerol

plasticized samples.

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References

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Eliangela de M. Teixeira, Daniel Pasquini, Antnio A.S., Curvelo, Elisngela Corradini,Mohamed N. Belgacem, Alain Dufresne 2009, Cassava bagasse cellulose nanofibrilsreinforced thermoplastic cassava starch, Carbohydrate Polymers 78 (3), 422431.

Curvelo, A. A. S., de Carvalho, A. J. F., & Agnelli, J. A. M. (2001). Thermoplastic starchcellulosic fibers composites: Preliminary results. Carbohydrate Polymers 45, 183188

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