VERB TO BE

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONFull Forma Short Form Full Form Short Form

Am I?Are you?Is he?Is she?Is it?Are we?Are you?Are they?

I amYou areHe isShe isIt isWe areYou areThey are

I´m You´reShe´s He´s It´s We´reYou´reThey´re

I am notYou are notHe is notShe is notIt is notWe are notYou are notThey are not

I´m notYou aren´tHe isn´tShe isn´t It isn´tWe aren´t You aren´t They aren´t

To make the negative, we put not before the verb am/ is/areShe is not happy. They are not happy

To make the question, we put the verb Am/ Is/ Are at the beginning of the sentence and then the personal pronoun ( I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they)Is he tall? Are you tall?

When we speak we often use the short form of the verb.She´s not happy They aren´t at home.You´re my friend It´s a parrot

When we answer “yes” to a question, we do not use the shortened form of the verb.Are they friends? Yes they are

VERB TO HAVE

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONFull Form Short Form Short Form

Have I got?Have you got?Has he got?Has she got?Has it got?Have we got?Have you got?Have they got?

I have gotYou have gotHe has gotShe has gotIt has gotWe have gotYou have gotThey have got

I´ve got You´ve gotShe´s gotHe´s gotIt´s gotWe´ve gotYou´ve gotThey´ve got

I haven´t gotYou haven´tHe hasn´t gotShe hasn´t gotIt hasn´t gotWe haven´t gotYou haven´t gotThey haven´t got

We use have got with I, you, we and they. With him, she and it we use has got.She has got a brother. They have got bikes.

To make the negative we put not after have or hasHe has not got a sister. We have not got rollerblades.

To make the question we always begin with have or has. Then we put the personal pronoun (I, you, he, she, it, we, and they) and then got. When we use a short answer we do not repeat got. Have you got a pet? Yes, I have. Has it got a tail? No, it hasn´t

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PRESENT SIMPLE

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONI eatYou eatHe eatsShe eatsIt eatsWe eatYou eatThey eat

I don´t eatYou don´t eatHe doesn´t eatShe doesn´t eatIt doesn´t eatWe don´t eatYou don´t eatThey don´t eat

Do I eat?Do you eat?Does he eat?Does she eat?Does it eat?Do we eat?Do you eat?Do they eat?

We use the present simple to talk about something that we do every day, often, or habitually.We brush our teeth every morning He goes to bed at 10 o´clock.

With the personal pronouns he, she and it (in the third person singular) we add the suffix –s, -es or –ies to the verb root.It eats fish. She lives in Paris. He studies languages.

In questions and negatives the verb root doesn´t have a suffix.Does he like milk? She doesn´t like milk.

When we use the short answer we just use the auxiliary verb and we don´t repeat the main verb.Do we play football on Sundays? Yes, we do/ No, we don´tDoes she like football on Sundays? Yes, she does/ No, she doesn´t.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONI am eatingYou are eatingHe is eatingShe is eatingIt is eatingWe are eatingYou are eatingThey are eating

I´m not eatingYou aren´t eatingHe isn´t eatingShe isn´t eatingIt isn´t eatingWe aren´t eatingYou aren´t eatingThey aren´t eating

Am I eating?Are you eating?Is he eating?Is she eating?Is it eating?Are we eating?Are you eating?Are they eating?

We use the present continuous to talk about something that is happening at this moment while we are speakingI am reading this grammar corner

We make the Present Continuous with the verb to be ( I am, you are, he is, she is, it is, we are, you are, they are) and the main verb with the suffix –ingI am reading a book They are wearing green hatsShe is reading a book He is waiting for the bus

To make the question we begin with the correct form of the verb to be and then we put the subject or the personal pronoun (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they) finishing with the verb with the suffix –ing.Are you reading? Are they wearing green hats?

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Is she reading a book? Is he waiting for the bus? To make the negative we put the correct form of the verb to be after that we put the main verb with

the suffix –ing You aren´t reading They aren´t wearing green hatsShe isn´t reading a book He isn´t waiting for the bus

*** In short answers we do not repeat the main verb with the suffix –ingAre they cooking? No, they aren´t Are you eating? Yes, I amIs he sleeping? No, he isn´t Is she eating? Yes, she is

IMPERSONAL FORM OF THE VERB

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONFull Form

Short Form Full Form Short Form

Singular There is There´s There is not There isn´t Is there?Plural There are ----- There are not There aren´t Are there?

With there is we use a singular noun, with there are we use a plural nounThere is a chocolate cake in the basket. There are four chocolate cakes in the basket.

The short form of There is (There´s). There is no short form of There are.There´s a tree in the forest. There are three ants in my sandwich.

We make a question by putting is or are at the beginning before there.Is there a cloud in the sky? Are there two chocolate cakes?

We make a negative by putting not after there is or there are. The short forms are there isn´t and there aren´t.There isn´t a cloud in the sky There aren´t two chocolate cakes in the cupboard

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