Present Tense expresses a current or habitual action. I speak Spanish. Yo hablo espanol.

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AR-o-as-a-amos-an

Hablarhablohablashablahablamoshablan

ER-o-es-e-emos-en

Comercomocomescomecomemoscomen

IR-0

-es-e-imos-en

Escribirescriboescribesescribeescribimosescriben

Preterit tense is used to express a totally completed past action, a past determinate action, oran action that lasted for a specific length of time: She lived in Peru for three years. Ella vivioen Peru par tres anos.

AR-e-aste-6-amos-aronImperfect tenseof time: He was

AR-aba-abas-aba-abamos-aban

Comprar ERcompre -icompraste -istecompro -iocompramos -imoscompraron -ieronis used to express a pastliving in the apartment

Buscar ERbuscaba -fabuscabas -fasbuscaba -fabuscabamos -famosbuscaban -fan

Escogerescogfescogisteescogioescogimosescogieron

event that was ongoingat that time. El vivia en

Creercrefacrefascrefacrefamoscrefan

IR Decidir-i decidf-iste decidiste-io decidio-imos decidimos-ieron decidieron

for an indeterminate lengthel apartamento en ese tiempo.

IR Abrir-fa abrfa-fas abrfas-fa abrfa-famos abrfamos-fan abrfan

Future tense is used to express an action that will take place after the present moment: He willreturn on Monday. El volvera el lunes. The future is formed by adding the following identicalendings to the infinitive for all three verb conjugations.AR-e-as-a-emos-an

Ganarganareganarasganaraganaremosganaran

ER-e-as-a-emos-an

Ververeverasveraveremosveran

IR-e-as-a-emos-an

Pedirpedirepediraspedirapediremospediran

Conditional tense is used to express a future action in relation to a past moment: I told him Iwould go to the beach . Le dije que irta a la playa. This is formed by the following identicalendings to the infinitive for all three verb conjugations.AR-la-fas-fa-famos-fan

Llegarllegarfallegarfasllegarfallegarfamosllegarfan

ER-fa-fas-fa-famos-fan

IR-fa-fas-fa-famos

Vivirvivirfavivirfasvivirfavivirfamos

-an vivinan

Serserfaserfasserfaserfamosserfan

Stem Changing Verbs have vowels that change in the stem, only in the present tense, butnever in the first person plural (nosotros) form. There are three types:E -> IE: Querer O -* UE: Recordar E -> I: Pedirquiero recuerdo pidoquieres recuerdas pidesquiere recuerda pidequeremos recordamos pedimosquieren recuerdan piden

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Present Perfect tense is used to express a past action that continues to have importance until the present: She hasread all of Pablo Neruda's poems. Ella ha leido todos los poemas de Pablo Neruda. Construction: Present tense ofhaber (he, has, ha, hemos, han) + past participle. Past participles are formed by adding the following suffixes to theverb stem: AR -ado, he caminado; ER - ido, has comido; IR -ido, hemos venido.

Past Perfect tense expresses a past action that occurred prior to another past action: They had read the book beforethey saw the movie. Ellos habian leido el libra antes de ver la pelicula. Construction: Imperfect tense of haber(habia, habias, habia, habiamos, habian) + past participle. For past participle formation, see above.

Ser and Estar are two Spanish verbs that both translate to the English verb to be. Below are the present tense con-jugations and guidelines for the use of these important verbs:

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Sersoyeresessomosson

•Permanent condition- Los elefantes son grandes

•Time- Son las dos de la tarde.

•Possession- El auto es de mi prima.

Estarestoyestasestaestamosestan

•Location- Ellos estan en la playa

•Temporary condition- El motor esta caliente

•A state of emotion- Estamos contentos

Ir a + Infinitive can be used to express the future the same way it is used in English: I am going to travel toMexico in January. Voy a viajar a Mexico en enero.

Acabar de + Infinitive is used to express the phrase to have just...: We have just arrived. Acabamos de llegar.

Saber and Conocer are two verbs that both translate to the English verb to know. Both are regular verbs, but areirregular in the first person singular: Saber is se and conocer is conozco. Here are guidelines for their use:Saber Conocer•Used to express knowledge of facts. 'Used to express familiarity with places

-Ellos saben que el escritor Gabriel or people.Garcia Marquez es Colombiano. - Conozco Costa Rica- Sabemos que el camino es largo. - Ellos conocen a mi hermano.

Gustar is the verb usually used when the English verb to like would be. Where one would say "I like the food" inEnglish, the Spanish construction would be "The food pleases me"; "Me gusta la comida". The forms of this verbthat are generally used are third person singular and plural, gusta and gustan, respectively. Which form is useddepends on whether the direct object is singular or plural.•Singular Nos gusta la musica. We like the music. 'Plural Me gustan sus ideas. I like your ideas.

Reflexive Verbs are verbs that require a reflexive pronoun when used. They can be identified by the -se suffixappended to the infinitive, for example lavarse.

To Wash oneselfThese reflexive pronounsare placed before the verb:me myselfte yourselfse yourself, himself,

herself, itselfnos ourselvesse yourselves, themselves

Lavarseme lavote lavasse lavanos lavamosse lavan

Other reflexive verbs:llamarse to be calledlevantarseacostarseponersevestirsesentarsecansarsealegrarse

to get upto go to bedto put onto get dressedto sit downto get tiredto be elad

Commands are usually formed by replacing the o of the first person singular with one of the following:

AR Verbssingular -e Camino -> camineplural -en canto -> canten

Er and IR Verbssingular -a vengo ̂ vengaplural -an escribo ̂ escriban