presentation 0419
TRANSCRIPT
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Food Security Policies Formulation and Implementation
Establishment of a Food Security Policy Framework
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Explain the need for policies aimed at improving foodsecurity;
Describe the main features of food security policies; and
Acknowledge food security as a policy issue cuttingacross different sectors.
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Food Security Policies Formulation and Implementation
Establishment of a Food Security Policy Framework
INTRODUCTION
Many governments have setfood security objectives
within the framework of
national development policies
Hunger and malnutrition require specific policy actions
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Food Security Policies Formulation and Implementation
Establishment of a Food Security Policy Framework
Typical approaches to designing Food Security Policies (FSP):
Incorporating FSP issuesinto other national
development policies andstrategies.
Preparing a special FoodSecurity Policy document.
INTRODUCTION
Food Security
Policies
Food Security Policy
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Food Security Policies Formulation and Implementation
Establishment of a Food Security Policy Framework
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR FOOD SECURITY POLICIES
Physical AVAILABILITY offood
Economic and physical ACCESS tofood
FoodUTILIZATION
STABILITY of the other three dimensions over time
Food Security
Food insecurityexists if even one
of these conditionsis not met.
Food Insecurity
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Food Security Policies Formulation and Implementation
Establishment of a Food Security Policy Framework
SUBJECTS OF FOOD SECURITY POLICIES
Appropriate policy measures to remedy differentFS problems should be defined.
INSUFFICIENT SUPPLIES
Problem
INSUFFICIENT ACCESS
INEFFECTIVE UTILIZATION
INSTABILITYOF FOOD SUPPLIES
Remedy
Increasing food supplies
Improving access
Improving utilization
Stabilizing food supplies
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Food Security Policies Formulation and Implementation
Establishment of a Food Security Policy Framework
SUBJECTS OF FOOD SECURITY POLICIES
Interactions between the different dimensions of FSneed to be considered when FSP are designed.
Interaction between different FS dimensions
Low levels ofagriculturalproduction limit food suppliesand also agricultural income,thus constraining access of farmhouseholds to sufficient food
and making them vulnerable totemporary food shortages.
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Food Security Policies Formulation and Implementation
Establishment of a Food Security Policy Framework
USES OF VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
FSPs that can be used to improve the 4 dimensions of FS:
Policies to increase food supplies(availability)
Policies to improve access to food poverty alleviation
Policies to improve utilization
Policies to ensure stability offood supplies
SUBJECTS OF FOOD SECURITY POLICIES
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Food Security Policies Formulation and Implementation
Establishment of a Food Security Policy Framework
SUBJECTS OF FOOD SECURITY POLICIES
Policies to increase food supplies(availability)
Sources of food supplies:
domestic food production; and food imports.
Food availability can be increased:
Increasing domestic food production; and
Facilitating food imports.
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Food Security Policies Formulation and Implementation
Establishment of a Food Security Policy Framework
SUBJECTS OF FOOD SECURITY POLICIES
Policies to improve access to food - poverty alleviation
Access refers to capacity of households and individuals toobtain the food they need.
FS and poverty alleviation policies willhave to focus on:
Agricultural development focusing on poor farmers
Employment and income generation
Public transfers / social safety nets
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Food Security Policies Formulation and Implementation
Establishment of a Food Security Policy Framework
SUBJECTS OF FOOD SECURITY POLICIES
Policies to improve utilization
Effective utilization = ability to utilize foodmaintaining its nutritive quality and making it
available to the consumer.
It can be inhibited by:
lack of knowledge about proper food preparation;
lack of knowledge about nutritional requirements; diseases and poor health; lack of hygiene, sanitation, safe drinking water.
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Establishment of a Food Security Policy Framework
improving food preservation and
preparation technologies;
establishment of proper food standards;
improving public health;
provision of safe drinking water; improved sanitation; and
hygiene and nutrition education.
SUBJECTS OF FOOD SECURITY POLICIES
Policies to improve utilization
Policy measures to improve utilization:
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Establishment of a Food Security Policy Framework
Instabilities in access and availabilitycan result from:
seasonal variations of food supplies;
annual variations of food supplies; and
acute shortages.
SUBJECTS OF FOOD SECURITY POLICIES
Policies to ensure stability of food supplies
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Establishment of a Food Security Policy Framework
Relevant policy measures for
preventing temporary supplyshortfalls are related to
establishing a system of disaster
preparedness and response,
including a EWS and a set ofmeasures to ensure food stability.
SUBJECTS OF FOOD SECURITY POLICIES
Policies to ensure stability of food supplies
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Establishment of a Food Security Policy Framework
Examples of twin-track- or multiple-track-approaches
POLICIES WITH MULTIPLE EFFECTS ON FOOD SECURITY
Agricultural development policies enhancing the productivity ofsmall and poor farmers -> increased food production and supplies;increased incomes and improved access to food; improved stability ofproduction and access.
Irrigation policies -> production/supplies, income/ access and stability.
Agricultural marketing policies -> food production and supplies; accessvia producer and consumer prices and incomes; stability of access andsupplies.
Policy measures to improve rural infrastructure -> access, supply,stability, and utilization.
Policy measures serving more than one foodsecurity objective are called twin-track- ormultiple-track-approaches.
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Establishment of a Food Security Policy Framework
POLICIES WITH MULTIPLE EFFECTS ON FOOD SECURITY
Multiple effects of policy measures in differentpolicy spheres:
affectingFOOD
AVAILABILITY
affectingSTABILITY
affectingACCESS
affectingUTILIZATION& NUTRITION
Agriculturaldevelopment
Water and sanitation
Food stocks
Rural infrastructure
Resource conservation
Food processing& preservation,
Food safety
Education
Health &nutrition
Rural finance
Foodmarketing
Irrigation
Land tenure
POLICIESregarding
Food importsFood aiddeliveries
Relieffoodassistance
Feedingprogrammes
Safety nets
Employment
Formal
Informal Urban
Rural
Public employmentschemes
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LINKAGES TO OTHER POLICIES, STRATEGIES & PROGRAMMES
This, in order to: know to what extent FSconcerns are already addressedin relevant policies and
strategies; identify policy gaps still to be filled.
In designing food security policies, it is necessary toreview other existing policies that are relevant for FS.
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LINKAGES TO OTHER POLICIES, STRATEGIES & PROGRAMMES
AgriculturalPolicies(e.g. Agric.
Sector Strategy,Irrigation, Seed
& SubsidyPolicy)
PovertyReductionStrategy(PRSP)
Emergencypreparedness& response
(DisasterManagement,Food Aid)
Social SectorPolicies
(e.g. HIV/AIDS,Health, NutritionPension scheme)
MillenniumDevelopment
Goals
SADC
Policies
NEPAD
Policies &Programmes
RegionalDonor
Programmes& Policies
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LINKAGES TO OTHER POLICIES, STRATEGIES & PROGRAMMES
Significant impact on
Macro- / sector policy: Access Availability Stability Utilization
Agricultural development,general
Agricultural marketing
Education
Emergency preparednessandmanagement
Employment and incomegeneration
Food aid
Food prices
Food safety
When a macro- or sector policy is likely to have asignificant impact?
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Establishment of a Food Security Policy Framework
LINKAGES TO OTHER POLICIES, STRATEGIES & PROGRAMMES
Significant impact on
Macro- / sector policy: Access Availability Stability Utilization
Agricultural development,general
1 2 3
Agricultural marketing 4 5 6
Education 7 8
Emergency preparednessandmanagement
9
Employment and incomegeneration
10
Food aid 11 12 13
Food prices 14 15 16
Food safety 17
When a macro- or sector policy is likely to have asignificant impact?
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Establishment of a Food Security Policy Framework
LINKAGES TO OTHER POLICIES, STRATEGIES & PROGRAMMES
Significant impact on
Macro- / sector policy: Access Availability Stability Utilization
Food stocks / food reserves
Foreign trade / food imports
Health & Nutrition
Input subsidies
Irrigation
Natural resource conservation
Poverty reduction
Rural infrastructure
Social protection / safety net
Water & sanitation
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Food Security Policies Formulation and Implementation
Establishment of a Food Security Policy Framework
LINKAGES TO OTHER POLICIES, STRATEGIES & PROGRAMMES
Significant impact on
Macro- / sector policy: Access Availability Stability Utilization
Food stocks / food reserves 18 19
Foreign trade / food imports 20 21
Health & Nutrition 22
Input subsidies 23 24 25 26
Irrigation 27 28 29
Natural resource conservation 30 31 32
Poverty reduction 33
Rural infrastructure 34 35 36
Social protection / safety net 37 38
Water & sanitation 39
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Food Security Policies Formulation and Implementation
Establishment of a Food Security Policy Framework
SUMMARY
There are two typical approaches to designing food security policies:
preparing a special Food Security Policy document; or
incorporating food security policy issues into other national development policies andstrategies.
Food security policies have to address those conditions for food security that are not
(yet) fulfilled. They can be designed to:
increase food supplies (availability);
improve access to food poverty alleviation;
improve utilization; or
ensure stability of food supplies.
Policy measures serving more than one food security objective are called twin-track- or multiple-track-approaches.
In designing food security policies, it is necessary to review other existing policies thatare relevant for food security, in order to identify policy gaps still to be filled.