presentation eldas infrared zeolit dan clay
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Regions of the electromagnetic spectrum
Representation of an electromagnetic wave
![Page 3: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Pentaammine isothiocyanatocobalt(III) ion
Pb2+ EDTA complex[Co(en)3]3+
complex ion
![Page 5: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Zeolite-AZeolite-Y
Zeolite-MFI
![Page 6: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Pokok Bahasan
1.Review Infrared Spectroscopy2.Infrared Spectroscopy of Inorganic Molekul3.Infrared Spectroscopy of Zeolite
Identification of dealumination process Identification of isomorphous reaction
process4.Infrared Spectroscopy of Clay
Identification of pillarization process5.Infrared Adsorbed Molecule on zeolite
structureand metal oxide
6. Conclusion
![Page 7: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Regions of the electromagnetic spectrum
Representation of an electromagnetic wave
![Page 8: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Change in the dipole moment of a heteronuclear diatomic molecule
A molecule that has infrared absorptions it must possess a specific feature, i.e an electric dipole moment of the molecule must change during the vibrations
![Page 9: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Normal modes of vibration of linear and bent XY2 molecules
+ and – denote vibrations moving upwards and downwards, respectively,in direction perpendicular to the palne of the paper
![Page 13: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Normal modes vibration in CO2
Normal modes vibration in H2O
1 is Raman-active2 and 3 are Infrared-active
![Page 14: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Frequency vibrations of Various Inorganic Molecules (1/cm)
![Page 15: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Infrared spectra of (a) dihydrate, (b) hemihydrate, and (c) anhydrous CaSO4
![Page 16: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Jenis isotop unsur-unsur logam menentukan frekwensi vibrasi inframerah molekul anorganik
Spektra inframerah molekul NiF2
![Page 17: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
CompoundCompound StructureStructure 1 (cm-1) 2 (cm-1) 3 (cm-1)
BeFBeF22 linearlinear (680)(680) 345345 15551555
BeClBeCl22 linearlinear (390)(390) 250250 11351135
BeBrBeBr22 linearlinear (230)(230) 220220 10101010
BeIBeI22 linearlinear (160)(160) (175)(175) 873873
MgFMgF22 linearlinear 550550 249249 842842
MgClMgCl22 linearlinear 327327 9393 601601
MgBrMgBr22 linearlinear 198198 8282 497497
MgIMgI22 linearlinear 148148 5656 445445
(680) frequencies Raman-active or Infrared-inactive
Vibrational Frequencies of XY2 – Type Metal Halides
![Page 18: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Normal modes of vibration of planar (a) and pyramidal (b)of XY3 molecules
![Page 19: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Frequency vibrations of Various Molecules of planar and pyramidal of XY3 (1/cm)
![Page 20: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Raman Spectra of the SnX3- ions in diethyl ether extracts from SnX2 in HX solution
Daerah near infra red
![Page 21: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Normal modes of vibration of tetrahedral (a) and square planar (b) of XY4 molecules
![Page 22: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Frequency vibrations of Various Molecules of tetrahedral and square planar of XY4 (1/cm)
![Page 23: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Vibrational Modes of NH4Cl
55 and and 66 are lattice vibrational modes
![Page 24: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
ClK
KClO3
K I
KClO3 KIO3
Infrared spectra of KClO3 (solid line) and KIO3 (dash line)
![Page 25: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Primary and Secondary Building Unit Zeolites Structure
PBU
SBU
![Page 29: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
(1)Garis tebal : Tetrahedral internal(tidak sensitif struktur, sensitif
komposisi kimia, rasiio Si/Al)
(2) Garis putus-putus : Jalinan Eksternal(sensitif struktur, tidak sensitifkomposisi kimia)
![Page 30: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Tetrahedral InternalTetrahedral Internal Jalinan EksternalJalinan Eksternal
Jenis vibrasiJenis vibrasi (cm(cm-1-1)) Jenis vibrasiJenis vibrasi (cm(cm-1-1))
Regangan asimetrisRegangan asimetris 1250-9501250-950 Regangan asimetrisRegangan asimetris 750-820750-820
Regangan simetrisRegangan simetris 720-650720-650 Regangan simetrisRegangan simetris 1050-11501050-1150
Bend T-OBend T-O 420-500420-500 Cincin gandaCincin ganda 650-500650-500
Pori terbukaPori terbuka 300-420300-420
Assignment infra merah Zeolite
![Page 31: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
IR spectra of OH groups in Mazzites Zeolite of Si/Al = 4,4 ; 10 ; 30
![Page 33: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
(a)activated mazzite, (b) ammonia adsorption, (c) pyridine adsorption, (d) reacting with pyridine (a minus c)
![Page 34: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
IR spectra of OH groups MAZ 4,4 (a), 10 (b), 30 (c) after benzene adsorption
IR spectra of OH groups MAZ 4,4 (a), (b) after benzene adsorption, (c) a-b
![Page 35: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
(1)Garis tebal : Tetrahedral internal(tidak sensitif struktur, sensitif
komposisi kimia, rasiio Si/Al)
(2) Garis putus-putus : Jalinan Eksternal(sensitif struktur, tidak sensitifkomposisi kimia)
![Page 36: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
H-Zeolite-Y
H-Zeolite-ZSM20
DealuminatedZeolite-US
DealuminatedZeolite-Y
DealuminatedZeolite-ZSM20
IR Spectra in the region lattice vibrations of hydrated Faujasite type Zeolitesbefore and after dealumination
![Page 37: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Dealumination process
![Page 39: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Infrared spectra padatan hasil reaksi isomorphous abu layang dan (NH4)2HPO4
![Page 43: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Diambil dari IR Spectroscopy in catalysis, Catalysis today 68 (2001) 263-281EBOOK-IR Review, halaman 312
![Page 44: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
In faujasite zeolites, the cations in the beta-cages and the double six-ring(SD6R, the hexagonal prism) (i.e., at sites SI, SI, and SII) are sterically inaccessible to nitrogen, and so only the supercage cations (i.e., those at SII andDiambil dari Adsorbent Fundamental and Application, EBook, Chapter X, hal 287
Unit cell of faujasite-type (X and Y) zeolites, including cation sites.
![Page 45: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
(Top) Site II cation on six-membered oxygen ring as the basic unit on A and X zeolites. T denotes Si or Al. (Bottom) Geometry-optimized cluster model to represent the chemistry of Ag-zeolite.
Diambil dari Adsorbent Fundamental and Application, EBook, Chapter VII, hal 174
![Page 46: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
(a) Extra-framework cation sites in X- and Y-type zeolites. (b) Far- infrared spectrumof Na-Y with band assignments to cation sites according to [232]. (c) Experimental IR spectrum in comparison to simulated spectra calculated according to the shell model and occupancy of different cation sites. (d) Experimental spectrum in comparison to power spectra simulated by MD at occupancy of different cation sites (parts c and d from [79] with permission) halaman 67
![Page 47: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Far-infrared (FIR) spectra of alkali-metal cation-exchanged faujasites and H-Y zeolite
![Page 48: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
IR Spektra Montmorillonit yg di treatment dgn asam 6 M HCl pada variasiWaktu (a) 0, (b) 2, (c) 4, (d) 6, (e) 8, (f) 10, (g) 12, (h) 18, (i) 24 dan (j) 30 jam
![Page 53: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Pita yg paling intensif didekat 1048 cm-1 diindikasikan sbg vibrasi stretching Si-O dari lapisan tetrahedral. Pita 524 cm-1 adalah vibrasi Si-O-Al ( dimana Al adalah kation oktahedral) Pita 466 cm-1 adalah vibrasi bending Si-O-Si. Pita serapan pada 621 cm-1 ini sesuai dgn vibrasi tegak lurus dari kation oktahedral (M-O-Si) dimana M adalah Al, Mg dan Li Tiga puncak pada daerah bending OH adalah :
(a) 917 cm-1 (Al2OH)(b) 886 cm-1 (AlFeOH)(c) 850 cm-1 (AlMgOH)
Al oktahedral disubstitusi oleh Fe dan Mg. Intenditas yg rendah dari puncak pita MgAlOH mengindikasikan kandungan Mg yang rendah. Puncak doublet pada 799 dan 779 mengindikasikan adanya campuran mineral lain dalam hal ini adalah mineral kuarsa.
![Page 54: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Pita 524 cm-1 adalah vibrasi Si-O-Al ( Al adalah kation oktahedral) Intensitas puncak 524 berkurang dgn kenaikan waktu Pita doublet 799 dan 779 indikasi adanya mineral kuarsa, Intensitas puncak 799 bertambah dgn kenaikan waktu (dealuminasi kuarsa) Tiga puncak pada daerah bending OH adalah :
(a) 917 cm-1 (Al2OH)(b) 886 cm-1 (AlFeOH)(c) 850 cm-1 (AlMgOH)
Ketiga puncak berkurang dgn kenaikan waktu (dealuminasi, penukaran kation) Pita 1048 cm-1 diindikasikan sbg vibrasi stretching Si-O (tetrahedral) Puncak makin membesar indikasi terbentuknya amorphous silika
![Page 55: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
IR Spektra Hectorite yg di treatment dgn asam 0,25 M HCl pada variasiWaktu (a) 1, (b) 3, (c) 5 dan (d) 8 jam
![Page 56: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Hectorite adalah trioktahedral smectite yg berisi Mg dan Li sebagai kation oktahedral Puncak 654 cm-1 bending OH
Puncak 1012 cm-1 stretching Si-O Puncak 701 cm-1 bending Si-O tegak lurus bidang Puncak 467 cm-1 bending Si-O dlm bidang Pita 524 cm-1 adalah vibrasi Si-O-Al ( Al adalah kation oktahedral) Intensitas puncak 524 berkurang dgn kenaikan waktu Tiga puncak pada daerah bending OH adalah :
(a) 917 cm-1 (Al2OH)(b) 886 cm-1 (AlFeOH)(c) 850 cm-1 (AlMgOH)
Ketiga puncak berkurang dgn kenaikan waktu (dealuminasi, penukaran kation) Pita 1048 cm-1 diindikasikan sbg vibrasi stretching Si-O (tetrahedral) Puncak makin membesar indikasi terbentuknya amorphous silika
![Page 57: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
IR Spektra Smectite yg di treatment dgn asam 6 M HCl pada variasi suhu(a) asli, (b) 60oC dan (c) 95oC
![Page 58: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
IR Spektra Hectorite yg di treatment dgn asam HCl pada variasi konsentrasi(a) 0, (b) 0,1, (c) 0,25 dan (d) 0,5 M
![Page 59: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Surfactan~ 3 % b/b
Acid Leaching
Hydrotermal
HEKSAGONAL MESOPORE CLAY( H M C )
Natural Bentonite
Calcination
![Page 60: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Infrared Spectra Natural Bentonite and Leached bentonite resulted from nonswelling leaching in various concentrasion of Hydrochloride Acid,
(a) Natural Bentonit
(b) 7M (c) 8 M,(d) 9 M
and (e) 10 M
![Page 61: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Difractogram Spectra Natural Bentonite and Leached bentonite resulted from nonswelling leaching in various concentrasion of Hydrochloride Acid,
(a) Natural Bentonit
(b) 7M (c) 8 M,(d) 9 M
and (e) 10 M
![Page 62: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Infrared Spectra Natural Bentonite and Leached bentonite resulted from swelling leaching in various concentrasion of Hydrochloride Acid,
(a) Natural Bentonit
(b) 4M (c) 5 M, and (d) 6M
![Page 63: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Difractogram Spectra Natural Bentonite and Leached bentonite resulted from swelling leaching in various concentrasion of Hydrochloride Acid,
(a) Natural Bentonit
(b) 4M (c) 5 M, and (d) 6M
![Page 64: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Difractogram Spectra of Composed Bentonite prepared from Leached bentonite resulted by swelling method in various concentrasion of Hydrochloride Acid and C14TMA
(a) 4M
(b) 5M and (c) 6M
![Page 65: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Spectra Infrared of Heksagonal Mesopore Clay
a) before calcination
b) after calcination
![Page 66: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Difraktogram Spectra of Heksagonal Mesopore Clay
(a)before calsination
(b) after calcinations
d001 2,10o, 42,03 Å
a
b
d110 3,88o, 22,73 Å
d200 4,42o, 19,94 Å
d110 3,93o, 21,83 Å
d200 4,46o, 19,04 Å
d001 2,14o, 41,13 Å
![Page 67: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
t = 6-12 A
da
Å
d = basal spacing ~ 41,31 Å
a = distance between center pore
t = pore wall thickness, for MCM-41
~ 6-12 Å
AAd
a 49,473
21
13,41
30cos Å
Å
Pore diameter = a – t = 47,49 Å – 12 Å = 35,49 Å
Two dimension Ilustration of HMC pore
![Page 68: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Isoterm Adsorpsi-desorpsi HMC
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
P/Po
V (c
c/g)
adsorpsi
desorpsi
Isoterm Adsorption-Desorption
SBET = 614,647 m2/g
dpore = 36,49 Å
![Page 69: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Pore Size Distribution
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
rP rata-rata
Vp
/de
lta
rP
13,2 Å
![Page 70: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
![Page 71: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
The XRD patterns of Cp sample (Fig. 1) showed that the main crystalline phases correspond to clinoptilolite. The FTIR spectrum of Cp is shown in Fig. 2. The peaks at 3600, 3440 cm-1 are related to stretching mode of H-O-H, the peaks at1080 and 1150 cm-1 belong to antisymmetrical stretching and peaks at 680 and 740 cm-1 are symmetricall stretchings of SiO4 and AlO4, respectively
The FTIR spectrum of Clinoptilolite
![Page 72: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
![Page 73: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
![Page 74: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
(Top) Site II cation on six-membered oxygen ring as the basic unit on A and X zeolites. T denotes Si or Al. (Bottom) Geometry-optimized cluster model to represent the chemistry of Ag-zeolite.
Diambil dari Adsorbent Fundamental and Application, EBook, Chapter VII, hal 174
![Page 75: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Diambil dari IR Spectroscopy in catalysis, Catalysis today 68 (2001) 263-281EBOOK-IR Review, halaman 312
![Page 76: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Diambil dari Molecular Sieves, Sciences and Technology, Characterization I, VibrationalSpectroscopy, EBOOK halaman 51
Zeolite framework vibrations according to the interpretation of Flanigen et al. (adopted from[112]); 1, solid lines: intra-tetrahedral vibrations; 2, broken lines: inter-tetrahedral vibrations
![Page 77: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Wavenumbers of various framework vibrations as a function of the mole fraction of aluminum in tetrahedral (T) sites of the zeolite framework; s indicates the slope, i.e., the decrease of the wavenumber (cm–1) per 0.1 atom fraction of Al ion substitution (adopted from [112]). D6R means double six-membered ring, ns and nas stand for symmetric and asymmetric stretching modes, respectively (cf. text and list of abbreviations)
Diambil dari Molecular Sieves, Sciences and Technology, Characterization I, Vibrational Spectroscopy, EBOOK halaman 52
![Page 78: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Approximate assignments of observed lattice vibrational frequencies of Na-X zeolite [246] based on calculations [113]
Diambil dari Molecular Sieves, Sciences and Technology, Characterization I, Vibrational Spectroscopy, EBOOK halaman 53
![Page 79: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Diambil dari Molecular Sieves, Sciences and Technology, Characterization I, Vibrational Spectroscopy, EBOOK halaman 59
Raman spectra of zeolites (a) Na-Y (nSi/nAl = 2.6) and (b) Na-X (nSi/nAl = 1.18)
Raman spectra of ion-exchanged Y-type zeolites (nSi/nAl = 2.6), viz. (a) Na-Y, (b) K-Y, (c) Rb-Y, (d) Cs-Y
![Page 80: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Diambil dari Molecular Sieves, Sciences and Technology, Characterization I, Vibrational Spectroscopy, EBOOK halaman 65
Far-infrared (FIR) spectra of alkali-metal cation-exchanged faujasites and H-Y zeolite
![Page 81: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
(a) Extra-framework cation sites in X- and Y-type zeolites. (b) Far- infrared spectrumof Na-Y with band assignments to cation sites according to [232]. (c) Experimental IR spectrum in comparison to simulated spectra calculated according to the shell model and occupancy of different cation sites. (d) Experimental spectrum in comparison to power spectra simulated by MD at occupancy of different cation sites (parts c and d from [79] with permission) halaman 67
![Page 82: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Diambil dari Molecular Sieves, Sciences and Technology, Characterization I, Vibrational Spectroscopy, EBOOK halaman 69
Calculated and experimental FIR spectrum of Ba-ZSM-5 (nSi/nAl = 13), adopted from [363] with permission
![Page 83: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Diambil dari Molecular Sieves, Sciences and Technology, Characterization I, Vibrational Spectroscopy, EBOOK halaman 73
Comparison of far-infrared spectra of zeolites Na-Y and K-Y before and after adsorption of pyrrole [371] and pyrrolidine (from [372] with permission)
![Page 84: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Diambil dari Molecular Sieves, Sciences and Technology, Characterization I, Vibrational Spectroscopy, EBOOK halaman 79 dan 83
Infrared spectra in the OH stretching region of Y-type zeolite after dealumination via steam treatment. Calcined in A: moist air at 813 K; B: self-steam at 813 K; C: moist air at 1033 K; D: self-steam at 1033 K [411]
Wavenumbers and intensities of the OH stretching bands of a homologous series of zeolites, viz. mordenites ion-exchanged with alkaline earth
cations [443]
![Page 85: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Diambil dari Molecular Sieves, Sciences and Technology, Characterization I, Vibrational Spectroscopy, EBOOK halaman 85
Correlation between the absorbance of the OH stretching band produced on sorption of H2S into faujasite-type zeolites and the population of the SIII sites (cf. Fig. 16a) by Na+ cations [454]
![Page 86: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Diambil dari Molecular Sieves, Sciences and Technology, Characterization I, Vibrational Spectroscopy, EBOOK halaman 89
Gmelinite cage, hexagonal prism and cancrinite cage of the offretite structure and indication of crystallographically different oxygen atoms and corresponding OH groups therein [487]
Infrared bands of OH groups in hydrogen offretite (a: with 2.3 K+ cations per unit cellleft after exchange; b: with 0.6 K+ cations per unit cell left after exchange): Left: before (full line) and after (dotted line) adsorption of pyridine. Right: before (full line) and after (dotted line) adsorption of ammonia [487]
![Page 87: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Diambil dari Molecular Sieves, Sciences and Technology, Characterization I, Vibrational Spectroscopy, EBOOK halaman 98
Diffuse reflectance IR spectra of H-ZSM-5 (adopted from [546])
![Page 88: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Diambil dari Molecular Sieves, Sciences and Technology, Characterization I, Vibrational Spectroscopy, EBOOK halaman 100 dan 104
Near-infrared spectra of H-ZSM-5 with combination bands, n˜(OH)+d(OH) on increasing activation temperatures (adopted from [557])
Calculated power spectra of zeolites H-Y and D-Y in the mid-infrared frameworkregion in comparison with the experimental INS spectrum of H-Y (from [577])
![Page 89: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
INS spectra of bulk pyrrole obtained with the spectrometers (a) TFXA and (b) IN1BeF and of pyrrole adsorbed in (c) Na-Y and (d) Rb-Y; the asterisks indicate the most intense peaks, cf. text (from [585])
Diambil dari Molecular Sieves, Sciences and Technology, Characterization I, Vibrational Spectroscopy, EBOOK halaman 105
![Page 90: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Diambil dari Molecular Sieves, Sciences and Technology, Characterization I, Vibrational Spectroscopy, EBOOK halaman 107 dan 108
Infrared fundamentals of molecular deuterium, nitrogen and oxygen adsorbed on A-type zeolites [587]
Supercage of zeolite A with the main cation positions and symmetry axes [588]
![Page 91: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Diambil dari Molecular Sieves, Sciences and Technology, Characterization I, Vibrational Spectroscopy, EBOOK halaman 113
![Page 92: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Diambil dari Molecular Sieves, Sciences and Technology, Characterization I, Vibrational Spectroscopy, EBOOK halaman 113
IR spectra of CO adsorbed at 0.13 mbar on autoreduced Ru, Na-Y in the temperaturerange 75–298 K [624]
![Page 93: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Schematic representation of the fundamental vibrations of carbon dioxide, CO2; the mode n2 is twofold degenerated (n2a, n2b)
Schematic representation of the fundamental vibrations of nitrous oxide,N2O
Diambil dari Molecular Sieves, Sciences and Technology, Characterization I, Vibrational Spectroscopy, EBOOK halaman 119 dan 121
![Page 94: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Diambil dari Molecular Sieves, Sciences and Technology, Characterization I, Vibrational Spectroscopy, EBOOK halaman 120
Top : Sorption geometries of (a) CO2 and (b) N2O in zeolite Na4Ca4-A. Bottom :Observed fundamental vibrations n3 (a) of CO2 and n3(b) and n1 (c) of N2O in zeolite Na4Ca4-A (adopted from [596])
![Page 95: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Diambil dari Molecular Sieves, Sciences and Technology, Characterization I, Vibrational Spectroscopy, EBOOK halaman 123 dan 124
Infrared spectra of methane,CH4, adsorbed on Na-A; the spectra obtained at 10–4 and 10–5 mbar (adopted from [599])
Schematic representation of the fundamental vibrations of the bent triatomic molecules of sulfur dioxide, SO2, hydrogen sulfide,H2S, and water, H2O
![Page 96: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Diambil dari Molecular Sieves, Sciences and Technology, Characterization I, Vibrational Spectroscopy, EBOOK halaman 113
Infrared spectra of water vapor adsorbed on H-ZSM-5 at low pressures (10–5–1 mbar); the spectra obtained at 10–4 and 10–5 mbar were expanded by the factors 5 and 10, respectively (adopted from [127])
![Page 97: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Diambil dari Molecular Sieves, Sciences and Technology, Characterization I, Vibrational Spectroscopy, EBOOK halaman 128 dan 129
Calculated potential energy surface for the adsorption of a single water molecule on azeolitic Brønsted site (bridging OH group); AD: adsorption energy,PT: proton transfer energy (in kJ mol–1), showing the hydroxonium ion as a transition structure and not in an energy minimum [655, 656]
Hydroxonium ion on a zeolite surface stabilized by a second water molecule where both surface species, (H2O)2 and (H3O+◊◊H2O) become stable [655, 656]. For the meaning of AD and PT see caption of Fig. 43 or list of abbreviations
![Page 98: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
![Page 99: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
![Page 100: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
![Page 101: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Diambil dari Molecular Sieves, Sciences and Technology, Characterization I, VibrationalSpectroscopy, EBOOK halaman 36
Scheme for the quantitative evaluation of zeolite spectra using integrated or maximum absorbance [128]
![Page 102: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
![Page 103: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
![Page 104: Presentation ELDAS Infrared Zeolit Dan Clay](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022013104/5448fbcfaf7959a0538b4573/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)