Define what a sentence is and its kinds according to use/structure.

A sentence is a word or group of words that express a complete thought or idea. Containing a subject and predicate.

The largest independent unit of grammar: it begins with a capital letter and ends with a period, question mark, or exclamation point. 

Sentences according to use/structure:

• Simple sentence is the basic type of sentence. It can have simple subject and predicate, compound subjects and predicates, simple subject and compound predicates or compound subject and simple predicate.

• Compound sentence is compose of two or more independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions like ‘’and’’, ‘’but’’ and ‘’or’’.

• Compound-Complex sentence is a special type of a compound sentence that joined two complex sentences, or one simple sentence and one complex sentence. We can also use a semi-colon (;) to separate these sentences.

• Complex sentence is compose of one independent clause and at least one dependent clause which are joined by subordinating conjunctions like although, even though, if, etc.

What are the parts of a sentence?

• Simple subject is the one which we talks about in a sentence.

• Predicate describe/talks about the subject matter.

• Verb is the action word that connects the subject matter.

• Direct Object answers the question ‘’what’’ in a sentence.

• Indirect Object is the recipient of the direct object and it answers the question ‘’to what’’.

• Subject Compliment follows a linking verb and compliments to the subject.

What is topic sentence?

A well-organized paragraph supports or develops a single controlling idea, which is expressed in a sentence called the topic sentence. A topic sentence state the main idea of a paragraph.

A topic sentence has several important functions: it substances or supports an essay’s thesis statement; it unifies the content of a paragraph and directs the order of the sentences; it unifies the content of a paragraph and directs the order of the sentences; and it advises the reader of the subject to be discussed and how the paragraph will discuss it.

What is a Paragraph?

• A paragraph is a series of sentences that are organized and coherent, and are all related to a single topic. Almost every piece of writing you do that is longer than a few sentences should be organized into paragraphs. This is because paragraphs show a reader where the subdivisions of an essay begin and end, and thus help the reader see the organization of the essay and grasp its main points.

• Paragraphs can contain many different kinds of information. A paragraph could contain a series of brief example or a single long illustration of a general point. It might describe a place, character, or process; narrate a series of events; compare or contrast two or more things; classify items into categories; or describe causes and effects. Regardless of the kind of information they contain, all paragraphs share certain characteristics. One of the most important of these is a topic sentence.

Writingis a group of letters or symbols

written or marked on a surface as a means of communicating ideas by making each symbol stand for an idea, concept, or thing, by using each symbol to represent a set of sounds grouped into syllables (syllabic writing), or by regarding each symbol as corresponding roughly or exactly to each of the sounds in the language.

Importance of Writing

o A person’s feeling may be expressed clearly through writing.

o Prepares us for school and employment.o Can be use to inform other through media like

magazines, newspapers, etc.o Writing is portable and permanent. It makes your

thinking visible.o Writing promotes your ability to pose worthwhile

questions.o Writing helps others give you feedback.o Writing helps you understand how truth is established in

a given discipline.o Writing is an essential job skill.

The basic elements of a good composition writing:

Words, sentence, paragraph and chapter, and understanding to improve the structure of the composition to make it interesting to read.

This can even be true of single words and if you find yourself using the same word a lot you may want to consider ways to change that up. It might just be changing to a similar word or it might simply require you to think through why you’re using that word so much.

As you advance another thing you can consider is breaking rules. Many of the writing rules that we are used to following are not rules at all. For example there is no reason that a paragraph cannot be a single sentence or even a single word long and this can be useful if you want to draw attention as well as adding more white space to your page.

EXERCISES

GrammarCertain words denoting places in English can be used with or without the definite article following a preposition. If the article is absent the word indicates the function of the place rather than just the place itself when the article is present, e.g.:

He's at college = He's studying. He's at the college = He's at the college building (probably doing something else).________________ together.

• For each gap choose one of the prepositions below and one of the place words. Put them in with or without the definite article depending on the meaning. 

• at, on, in, to  -  church, college, court (2), home, hospital, prison, school, town, university 

• When I was a boy (1) ________________ I used to play tennis. I used to love being (2) _______________ playing tennis all day, but I failed all my exams because I didn't study. Then when I was 16 I decided to go (3) ________________ and prepare for the university entry exams. 

Later when I was (4) ________________ doing my degree I got into trouble when I went on a demonstration. There was a lot of fighting with the police and I was arrested. When I appeared (5) ________________ I was fined £100 and conditionally discharged. I was very relieved as I didn't want to end up (6) ________________ and get a criminal record. 

• Soon after that I was in a night club (7) ________________ one evening and met a lovely girl who worked as a nurse (8) ________________. We fell in love and last week we got married  (9) ________________ at the end of our >road. Now we're looking forward to a quiet life (10) _________ together.

at schoolon court

to college

at university

in court

in prisonin town

at/in the hospitalin the church

at home

Spelling

1. diwre

2. oesvgneri

3. encurcecro

4. lscouelasmine

5. eomtemitc

6. rncysaese

7. usanomony

8. vbleeei

• Weird• Sovereign• Occurrence• Miscellaneous• Committee• Necessary• Anonymous• believe