TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON

Femtocell

SUBMITTED BYVIJAY RASTOGI

1219231111

G.L.BAJAJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENTGREATER NOIDA

DEPTT. of Electronics and Communication Engineering

GUIDED BYRASHI GUPTA

(Assistant Professor)

CONTENTS

• Femtocell• What is Residential Femtocell• How it Looks from backside• History of Femtocell• What Problems do they solve ?• Architecture• Iuh Protocol based Architecture• CDMA 2000 Femtocell Architecture• Need for VoIP• Femtocell Security Issues• Other Issues• Femtocell Questioning Future• References

FEMTOCELL

A Femtocell is a small device that is used to improve wireless coverage over a small area, mostly indoor.

Small Base Station.Connects through Local Broadband Internet Connection.Improves Reception Quality of Signal.Data rate α Signal quality

3G Suffers Inadequate Indoor or underground Signal penetration.50% Calls and 70% Data Traffic comes from Indoor (Residential, Commercial Building).Batteries drained out rapidly. Power inv.Proportional Distance between Tx and Rx.Helps to Extend Signal Coverage at Coverage edge of Macro cell.

Femto cell ResidentialPico cell Enterprises premisesMetro cell Public/Outdoor Spaces.Needs only two cable for Power and LAN Connection.Integrated Femto cells Available with IPTv WiFi Modem GPS

.

How it Looks from backside ?

History of Femtocell• In 2002, a group of engineers at Motorola in Swindon,

England, started a skunkworks team, called the "AFG", to develop new technologies. Some of their major achievements included the world's smallest full-power UMTS base station, one of the first demonstrations of television to mobile, and the invention and development of the access point base station (ie. Femtocell). The original design was intended to provide a direct equivalent to a WiFi access point, but for mobile cellular (UMTS, CDMA-2000 or WiMAX). The unit contained all the core network elements and did not require a cellular core network, requiring only a data connection to the Internet or WiFi core network.

What Problems do they solve?

• Expensive deployment cost of Network Infrastructure.

• Low Signal Strength Received from Outside Base station inside the Building

• 50% voice calls 70% Data traffic originated indoor

• Reduced amount of traffic on expensive macro cell network

• Draining out of Smart devices Batteries.

Increasing Traffic demand leads the ultimate need of Femtocells

Architecture

• The standard bodies have published formal specifications for Femtocells for the most popular technologies, namely WCDMA, CDMA2000, LTE and WiMAX.

• Network switching subsystem (NSS) (or GSM core network) is the component of a GSM system that carries out call switching and mobility management functions for mobile phones roaming on the network of base stations.

• Authentication of encrypted IP data.  

Iuh Protocol based Architecture

• ME(Mobile equipment) outdoors use Macro cell to communicate

• ME indoors switch traffic to Femtocell • Femtocell works similar to Macrocell radiates less power

than Macrocell• Uses IP to communicate with the MNO(Mobile Network

Operator)• Femtocell interfaces with the Femtocell Gateway(FG)

provides signaling protocol and channel conversion also Perform as Security gateway

• FG interfaces with the RNC(Radio Network Controller) which switches traffic to MSC(Mobile Switching Centre) for voice calls and SGSN(Serving GPRS Support Node) for PSDN(Packet Switch Data Network)

CDMA2000(3G) Femtocell Architecture

• The femto access point (FAP) This is the device in the femtocell subscriber’s home for registering and signaling to the IMS core network• Femto security gateway (FSG)offers a secure IP connection between the IMS corenetwork and the FAP via an unsecure broadband access network.FSG interfaces with the femto AAA server for authentication FAPs.• The femto AAA server

• Once a FAP has been authorized, the AAA server sharesecurity policy data with the FSG.

• The femto management system (FMS) This is responsible for configuring and managing the various femtocell components, especially auto configuring the FAPs

• • The femto application server This is used to support interworking functions between the IMS core network and the mobile carrier’s MAP network. The MAP network consists of network elements that include HLR (home location register), MC (message center), and MSC (mobile switching center), to name a few.

Need for VoIP

• DSL (Digital Subscriber Loop) is a broadband technology that operates over existing telephone wire known as twisted pair.This has the advantage of utilizing the huge amounts of copper wiring the local telephone companies have deployed over the last century.• Cable Modem is a broadband technology that operates over the cable company’s distribution plant, including the coax cable in the customer’s home.• FTTH (Fiber to the Home) uses various optical technologies• WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) uses wireless technologies to provide broadband service to the customer. With the advancement of broadband technologies, consumers and businesses can connect to the public Internet at much higher data rates at reasonable costs. Everyone have a need for data networking of computers also have a need for voice networks. Within this last decade the IP networks have matured to support real-time applications like voice and video reliably with good quality. Since there are expenses to build, operate, and maintain both networks, having one network—namely IP—will reduce the cost by converging onto one infrastructure.

Femtocell Security Issues• Voice and data confidentiality• Content integrity• Theft of service• Service availabilityA Lots of Videos and Information available on Internet explaining and hacking Femtocellhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3FyNB4QmY1Qhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OS4UK-lA928New Architecture includes--IPsec – set of protocols For IP Packet securityAuthentication header--offers authentication of IP packets. generates a cryptographic hash authentication code based on the packet contents and including this generated code in the IP packet’s AH header. When a AH packet is received, the hash code is generated at the receiver’s end based on the contents of the packet. If the hash code generated by the sender doesn’t match the hash code regenerated by the receiver, the packet has been tampered with and is discarded. If both codes match, then the received packet has been properly validated and can then be processed without concern of breach of integrity.

Other Issues

• Interference is the main issues to discuss and work upon to deploy the Femtocell Technology

Femtocell Questioning Future- What is the Femtocell Business Model and Deployment Options?- Femtocell Evolution – How will femtocells evolve alongside 4G technologies such as

WiMAX and LTE?- Network Integrations and Scalability Issues – What is the best way to integrate femtocells

into the operators network.- Standards and Regulatory Dimension- Femtocell Security – How will security issues and QoS over backhaul will be solved?- Managing millions of femtocell devices.- What are the pricing and marketing challenges?- What are the different deployment and what collaborations and partnerships are required

to deliver?- Will Femtocell became multi-operator devices or an independent indoor network that

users on different network could room to?- Analysis of different forms of attack: SIM cloning, access to UMA without SIM.

References

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femtocell• http://www.thinkfemtocell.com/• http://www.thinkfemtocell.com/images/stories/femto/

backside_netgear_dsl_femtocell_dvg834gh.gif• 3GPP TS 23.206 “Voice Call Continuity (VCC) between Circuit Switched

(CS)and IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)”, March 2007.

• V. Chandrasekhar, J. G. Andrews, and A. Gatherer, “Femtocell networks: a survey,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 46, no. 9, pp.59–67, September 2008.

• http://www.fcc.gov/help/public-safety-tech-topic-23-femtocells• D. Choi, P. Monajemi, S. Kang, and J. Villasenor, “Dealing with loud

neighbors: The benefits and tradeoffs of adaptive femtocell access,” inIEEE Globecom, Dec. 2008,