PRESENTATION ON PRESENTATION ON

INTEGRATEDINTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL

STRATEGIES:THE CASE OF STRATEGIES:THE CASE OF HYDERABADHYDERABAD

OVERALL OBJECTIVESOVERALL OBJECTIVES

To analyze and Identify Strategies that Achieve Multiple Economic, Public Health and Environmental Benefits while Improving Local Air Quality and Reducing Green House Gas Emissions (GHG) by:

Quantifying AAQ levels.

Assessing air quality impact on public health and suggesting mitigation measures.

Building capacity for strategies to reduce GHG emissions.

Developing and institutionalizing an analytical framework to aid policy makers.

Establishing inter-disciplinary team with capabilities to conduct integrated analysis for sustainable development.

Ambient Air Quality (EPTRI)• Emissions Inventory • Air Quality Modeling studies• Cost benefit Analysis

PROJECT COMPONENTSPROJECT COMPONENTS

Transportation studies including Planning Efforts and Issues (RITES) Health Effects of Air Quality and Economic Valuation of Health Effects (IHS) Outreach Programme

General education programme – “Hyderabad Air” Public Awareness Campaign (Winrock International)

Private sector campaign - Industrial Energy Savings Measures (CII, Hyderabad)

Air Emissions Inventory DevelopmentAir Emissions Inventory Development

Data collected from regional PCB offices in the study area for over 550 industries registered with APPCB.

Data collected for each industry includes type of fuel used, quantity of fuel, stack test data, control equipment information, etc.

Base year for inventory is CY 2001. Stack test data and emissions factors used to estimate PM 10 and

GHG emissions from fuel usage.

GHG emission factors for India obtained from international council of local environmental initiatives (ICLEI).

PM 10 emission factors obtained from various sources: USEPA AP-42 document, World Bank Study (Rapid Assessment Method, and WHO EFs.

Development Of Alternative Development Of Alternative Industrial Mitigation Scenarios.Industrial Mitigation Scenarios.

Alternative industrial scenarios to reduce PM10 and GHG emissions include:

Use of additives in fuel oil in boilers. Particulate controls on all uncontrolled

solid waste fired boilers. Introducing use of Natural Gas in coal

fired boilers . Use of renewable energy (biomass

gasification) in fuel oil boilers.

Comparison of Industrial Comparison of Industrial Mitigation ScenariosMitigation Scenarios

Scenario

PM10 Reduction (tons PM10)

(% Reduction)

2011 2021

GHG Reduction

(tons eCO2 )

(% Reduction)

2011 2021

Fuel Additive 272 T 509 T

(12%) (12%)

18,416 T 34,481T

(1.25%) (1.25%)

Control 605 T 1128 T

(27%) (27%)

--- ----

Natural Gas 241 T 594 T

(10.8%)(14.2%)

33,283 T 88,201T

(2.3%) (3.2%)

Biogas 184 T 598 T

(8.2%) (14.3%)

97,260T 281,062T

(6.5%) (10.2%)

Scope of Work For Scope of Work For Transportation StudyTransportation Study

The Objective of the study comprises of the following components

Baseline scenario (CY 2001) study. Part-I: Scenarios for most effective bus transit

service (bus lanes, better bus-stops, better road surfaces on trunk routes)

Part-II: Technology Training measures related to 2-stroke vehicles

Part-III: Traffic Management Measures to improve Traffic flow (flyovers, traffic signals, footpaths, etc.)

Part IV: Multi-modal Transport System(rail)

  The Air Quality Modeling (AQM) modeling study was carried out for the Hyderabad Urban Development Area (HUDA) which covers Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad (MCH), surrounding ten Municipalities and outgrowth areas.

The primary pollutant of concern, Particulate Matter less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10),, was considered for air quality

modeling.

The base year considered for this AQM study was Calendar Year (CY) 2001.

Projections were made for BAU-2011 and BAU-2021

IES-INDIA ANALYSISIES-INDIA ANALYSISAIR QUALITY MODELING STUDIESAIR QUALITY MODELING STUDIES

The maximum PM10 concentrations are found in MCH area. This is due to high vehicular population. The projected average concentrations for BAU-2021 are very high.

Effective Bus Transit mitigation scenario shows greatest reductions in PM10 and GHG emissions. For Bus Transit scenario, ambient pollutant concentrations are reduced to 1/3 of BAU levels.

For BAU-2021, Patancheru and Rajendranagar are the most polluted areas (after MCH), due to their vicinity to the air polluting industries.

Industrial mitigation scenarios do not show significant PM10/GHG reduction in MCH area, but they are significant in reduction of GLCs in industrial areas.

Conclusions Derived From AQ ModelingConclusions Derived From AQ Modeling

Damage Function Approach For Damage Function Approach For Health Effects AnalysisHealth Effects Analysis

PollutantEmissions

AmbientConcentrations

Human Exposure

Health Effects(APHEBA Model)

Social Benefits

Background Concentrations

Atmospheric models

PopulationExposed

Baseline RiskExposure-Response

Function

Social Value

Change in Health effects by ScenariosChange in Health effects by ScenariosTotal for all localities cases avoided per yearTotal for all localities cases avoided per year

(a) All Population

2011 2021End point

C1 C2 C3 C4 C1 C2 C3 C4

Mortality (Long-term exposure) 3,698 90 49 65 21,552 847 845 780

Mortality (short –term exposure) 1,469 34 19 25 7,544 284 314 271

Hosp Adm CVD (ICD 390-429) 2,320 304 196 173 17,401 821 683 582

Hosp Adm RSP (ICD 460-519) 56 13 9 8 181 20 14 16

Hosp Adm COPD (ICD 490-496) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

(b) Elder Population

2011 2021End point

C1 C2 C3 C4 C1 C2 C3 C4

Mortality (Long-term exposure 771 28 17 20 4052 179 161 163

Mortality (short –term exposure 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hosp Adm CVD (ICD 390-429) 301 27 14 13 1922 90 77 68

Hosp Adm RSP (ICD 460-519) 278 43 39 28 2553 471 360 357

Hosp Adm COPD (ICD 490-496) 70 15 7 6 667 46 24 22

C1 = Bus Transit Mitigation Scenario (Transportation)C2 = Combined Natural Gas and Bio Gas Mitigation Scenario (Industrial)C3 = Fuel Additive Mitigation Scenario (Industrial)C4 = Particulate Control Mitigation Scenario (Industrial)

Health Benefits Study ConclusionsHealth Benefits Study Conclusions

All four mitigation scenarios result in avoided deaths and cardio- respiratory cases

Effective bus transit scenario shows the maximum reduction in adverse health effects

The transportation sector is recognized as an area where significant air quality and public health benefits could be realized through the IES, India Analysis

The study highlights the need for close collaboration between Air pollution modelers, Epidemiologists, Economists and Policy Makers

Scen

arios

2011 2021

Net Costs (Rs.

Million)

Benefits (Rs. Million)

Net Costs (Rs. Million

Benefits (Rs. Million)

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

C1 698.00 548.24 338,075.79 698 2,847.2 1,969,949.96

C2 28.16 42.86 8,212.83 -33.82 179.45 77,528.96

C3 -43.40 11.30 4,519.72 -81.55 107.39 77,228.46

C4 20.44 8.48 5,964.27 20.44 86.19 71,238.75

Cost Benefit Summary for All Mitigation Scenarios

(in Millions Rupees)

C1 = Bus Transit Mitigation Scenario (Transportation)C2 = Combined Natural Gas and Bio Gas Mitigation Scenario (Industrial)C3 = Fuel Additive Mitigation Scenario (Industrial)C4 = Particulate Control Mitigation Scenario (Industrial)

Limitations of IES-India Limitations of IES-India StudyStudy

Only secondary emissions data was used.

Emissions factors not customized for local conditions.

Emissions from sources such as road dust, open burning, residential and commercial establishments were not included.

Outreach CampaignOutreach Campaign

THANK YOUTHANK YOU