Mt SINABUNG

KEMENTERIAN ENERGI DAN SUMBERDAYA MINERALBADAN  GEOLOGIPUSAT VULKANOLOGI DAN MITIGASI BENCANA GEOLOGI

Location:Karo Regency, North Sumatra Province

Geographical Location :03° 10’ N dan 98° 23,5’ EElevation 2460m a.s.l

Mt. Sinabung is a type B stratro volcano where itseruption history is unknown. For the first time, aphreatic explosion occurred on 27 August 2010.

The impact of 27 August 2010 explosionMt. Sinabung eruption is classified asphreatic/water vapor type followed by volcanicash fall spread east‐southeast Mt. Sinabung,covering the villages of Sukamerah, Gungpitu,Sigarang‐garang, Sukadebi, and Susuk.

G. Sinabung

G. Sibayak

Danau Toba

HISTORICAL ERUPTIONMagmatic eruptions 4000, 1500, 1200 yr BP.  2010 eruption was phreatic

THE CHRONOLOGY

28 August 2010• Visually, thin white plume was observed to elevation 20m with weak to mediumpressure, no sign indicated elevated activity.

29 August 2010• At 00:08 LT (Local Time), thundering sound was heard from the volcano. Becauseof this starting activity, Mt Sinabung classification changed from type B to type A.Its status enter “AWAS” (level 4, the highest level) starting at 00:10 LT on 29August 2010.

• At 00:10 LT, with the coordination with the field team, it is decided that the peopleliving within 6km radius from the volcanic center were evacuated.

• At 00:12 LT, thick explosion plume with elevation 1500m from the volcanic craterrim was observed.

30 August 2010• At 06:23 LT, an eruption occurred with ash column height reaching 2000m above the crater.

3 September 2010• At 04:38 an eruption with ash column height reaching 2000m.• At 17:59 another eruption occurred with ash column height > 1000m.

15 September 2013• At 02:51 LT, an ash eruption occured with ash spread to East-Southeast edifice and glowing

materials ejected around the summit crater area, Mt Sinabung alert status increased fromWASPADA (level 2) to SIAGA (level 3).

17 September 2013• At 12:00 LT, an ash emision occured with ash spread to East-Southeast edifice and ash

column height reaching 3000 m above the summit crater.15 October 2013• At 01:17 LT, an eruption on the summit occurred and crack occured on the north flank edifice

with crack lenghth reaching 500 m.• At 04:35 LT, an eruption occured with ash spread to East-Southeast edifice.• At 12:19 LT, an eruption occured with ash spread to East-Southeast edifice.23 October 2013• At 16:19 and 16:51 LT, an eruption occured with ash spread to East-Southeast edifice.• At 21:51 LT, an eruption occured during 10 minutes.24 October 2013• At 05:50 LT, an eruption occured during 30 minutes with ash spread to Southeast edifice and

ash column height .reaching 3000 m above the summit crater.25 October 2013• At 20:57 and 16:51 LT, an eruption occured during 40 minutes with ash spread to Southeast

edifice.26 October 2013• At 00:09 LT, an eruption occured during 2 minutes with ash spread to North-Northeast

edifice.• At 17:37 LT, an eruption occured during 27 minutes with ash spread to Northeast, East,

Southeast and South edifice, ash column height reaching 5000 m above the summit crater.

Eruption Characteristics of Mt SinabungAugust‐September 2010 and September‐October 2013

The shortest eruptive periode is from less than several hours toseveral days such as in the August to September 2010 eruptiveperiode and September to October 2013 eruptive periode. The lastash eruption was 26 October 2013, the ash eruption is very probablyoccur again with or without tremor and or seismic swarm beforeeruption.

The eruptive activity has generated ash fall, ejected materials (minor)and water vapor emision. For most of case the begining and end oferuptive periode are unclear, however the short seismic swarm andtremor during several hours occured before eruption but not always.

Ash fall spread to East, Souteast and Northeast of Mt Sinabung edificeincluding Simacem, Bekerah, Sukanalu and Sigarang-garang villages.

Volcanic Activity Alert Level

• Normal (level I)Volcanic activity stay in normal condition without any difference from its background levels.

• Waspada (level II)Volcanic activity begin to increase and have pass over its background levels.

• Siaga (level III)Volcanic activity have shown its precursor before eruption.

• Awas (level IV)Started with volcanic ash eruption, and then approaching the main eruption.

Activity Status of Mt Sinabung

• On 29 August 2010 : Awas

• On 23 September 2010: Awas to Siaga

• On 7 Oktober 2010: Siaga to Waspada

• On 15 September 2013 : Waspada to Siaga

• On 29 September 2013 : Siaga to Waspada

Since 7 October 2010 until 15 September 2013 the alert status of Mt Sinabungnever decrease into Normal

Monitoring Activity of Mt Sinabung

Socialization

EDM-GPS : deformation montrg.Mt Sinabung observatory

Seismograf

DOAS : gas monitoring

Location of Monitoring Equipment

GPS station (continuous)

GPS station (episodic)

Seismic station

Reflector

EDM station

Temperature monitoring station

SEISMICITY, EDM, SO2 flux emision DATA of Mt SINABUNG

Hypocenter of volcanic quake  July, August, September 2013  Vs 2010

July 2013 August 2013

17 & 18 September 20136 & 7 September 2010

Before eruptionAfter eruption

HYPOCENTER Of VOLCANIC QUAKE Of  Mt SINABUNG(Oktober 2013)

GPS CONTINUOUS MONITORING(September – October 2013)

7065.70

7065.75

7065.80

7065.85

7065.90

9852.45

9852.50

9852.55

9852.60

9852.659/

1/20

139/

2/20

139/

3/20

139/

4/20

139/

5/20

139/

6/20

139/

7/20

139/

8/20

139/

9/20

139/

10/2

013

9/11

/201

39/

12/2

013

9/13

/201

39/

14/2

013

9/15

/201

39/

16/2

013

9/17

/201

39/

18/2

013

9/19

/201

39/

20/2

013

9/21

/201

39/

22/2

013

9/23

/201

39/

24/2

013

9/25

/201

39/

26/2

013

9/27

/201

39/

28/2

013

9/29

/201

39/

30/2

013

10/1

/201

310

/2/2

013

10/3

/201

310

/4/2

013

10/5

/201

310

/6/2

013

10/7

/201

310

/8/2

013

10/9

/201

310

/10/

2013

10/1

1/20

1310

/12/

2013

10/1

3/20

1310

/14/

2013

10/1

5/20

1310

/16/

2013

10/1

7/20

1310

/18/

2013

10/1

9/20

1310

/20/

2013

10/2

1/20

1310

/22/

2013

10/2

3/20

1310

/24/

2013

10/2

5/20

13

6339.36

6339.38

6339.40

6339.42

6339.44

Slo

pe (m

)

SNBG-GRKN

ErupsiErupsiErupsiSNBG-LWKR

SNBG-SKNL

TEMPERATURE MONITORING Of HOT SPRING (PAYUNG Village)

The summit crater, taken on 6 August 2013

Active vent of Mt Sinabung crater

Vent Activity of Mt Sinabung The summit crater, taken on 23 September 2013

Active vent of Mt Sinabung crater

Ash colomn eruption and seismogram on 17 September 2013 at 12.00 LTThree days before eruption there were no seismic sign indicated elevated on the seismogram

Noise

Ash eruption tremor at 12:00 LT

Seismogram of Mt Sinabung(Eruption 15 October 2013)

Eruption 26 October 2013

Foto G. Sinabung Tanggal 15 September 2013 pukul 05.30 WIBKondisi asap di puncak dan lereng G. Sinabung 3 jam setelah letusan freatik

Eruption of Mt SINABUNG 24 OCTOBER 2013, at 05.52 LT

Eruption of Mt SINABUNG 26 OCTOBER 2013, at 17.37 LT

Vapor emision of Mt SINABUNG 27 OCTOBER 2013, at 07.29 LT

HAZARD MAP Of Mt SINABUNG

3 km

new fumarol vent and land slide after 15 October 2013 eruption

Ash and ejected materials fall during 24 October 2013 eruption

Heavy ash rain, fall and ejected materials, Lahars/LandslidesCurrent Hazard Potential

• Eruption is potentially still occur. Ash eruption can cause healt problems and ruin farm areas.

• During the rainy season since 5 October 2013, lahars could cause flood and cover land area nearby Sukameriah village (at least there were two lahars since 15 October 2013).

• Lahars and landslides on the north flank of Mt Sinabung is potentailly threats the villages located around Lau Kawar lake (as Sigarang-garang and Kutogugung villages) due to the landslide materials deposit on the flank after 15 October 2013 eruption.

Lembah Sungai di Selatan-Tenggara, yaitu dari DesaGurukinayan-Sukameriah hingga Desa Bekerah-Simacem

LEMBAH-LEMBAH SUNGAI BERHULU DI SEKITAR PUNCAK

Potential Hazard Risk Area Affected by Pyroclastic Flow

Expose area of ash fall from September dan October 2013 eruption

Exposed area of ejected materials during17 September 2013 eruption

NEW FUMAROL VENT and ASH FALLFumarol vent on north flank of Mt Sinabung (Lau Kawar) after15 October 2013 eruption

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS RESULT of MT SINABUNG ASH

Ash samples consist of lava fragments with various degrees of alteration.No juvenile materials could be identified.

VISUAL

• Vent activity  on 27 October 2013 at  07:29 LT • White thick vapor, height ~ 400 meter

LAHARS and LANDSLIDE

Lahars in the valley river amongSukameriah-Bekerah villagesbefore15 Oktober 2013 eruption

North flank of Mt Sinabungafter15 Oktober 2013 eruption

ASH FALL COVERRING BERASTAGI DISTRICTon 17 September 2013 after ash eruption on 

12:00 LT

• Ash fall quite heavy coverring roofs of Berastagi district houses, ash move to East Mt Sinabung  (Sukanalu village, Berastagi city etc)

Berastagi, ash fall on 17 September 2013Ash plume blowed by wind to East-Southeast direction

Aim and objectivity :• Volcanic hazard early warning system• Information of susceptibility to volcanic hazard zone• To calm down community in the volcanic hazard area• To improve understanding and awareness on volcanic hazard

phenomena as well as on the importance of local community, localgovernments, decision makers and public education.

• Develop appropriate strategy and program for public education.

Socialization

Socialization on 7 August 2013 : Zentrum Kabanjahe Socialization on 16 September

2013 : Jambur Sempakata

Socialization on 16 STember 2013 :Zentrum Kabanjahe

Socialization on 16 September : 2013 Desa Payung

Socialization

COORDINATION

Coordination at IC Base

Coordination with BASARNAS (left) dan BNPB (right) at 

Observatory of Mt Sinabung

Coordination with chief of villages by Radio

Resident Population Surrounding Mt Sinabungur

On 18 September 2013There were 12.950 evacuated people. Alert status of Mt Sinabung was Siaga since 15 September 2013

Conclusion

Earthquakes and tremor are still recorded, therefore the alert status of Mt Sinabunguntil 29 October 2013 isWaspada (Level 2)

When the volcanic activity of Mt Sinabung increase / decrease quiet significant,then the alert status will be increased / decreased depend on the level of activity andthe potential hazards that may increase the hazard risk.

Sthrengthening monitoring is important to evaluate Mt Sinabung activity and tounderstand volcanic activity phenomenas for identifying the most potential hazradsthat may increase the hazard risk when Mt Sinabung eruption occurs.

Mt Sinabung activity varies irregulary as indicated by the daily event number ofearthquakes, tremor event and the intensity of ash/vapor emision.

RECOMENDATION (1)• Residents and visitors/tourists are prohibired from approaching thesummit area within a 2-km-radius from the active crater of Mt Sinabung.Residents in Sukameriah, Gurukinayan, Bekerah, igarang-garang,Sukanalu, Simacem, and Kutogugung village should be alert of MtSinabung activity and follow the direction from Local Government andBPBD (Province).

• If there is heavy ash fall due to the ash eruption (phreatic eruption) of MtSinabung and the eruption is still probably occur, people who live inSukameriah, Gurukinayan, Bekerah, Simacem, Sukaigarang-garang, andKutogugung villages should be temporary evacuated to the safe ground.

• Given the current in the surrounding area of Mt Sinabung frequent rain,the people who live along the river initiated from the top of Mt Sinabungin Sukameriah village toward to Bekerah village, Kutogugung village andSigarang-garang village to be alert to the possibillity of secondaryhazards such as lahars.

• Sukameriah, Gurukinayan, Bekerah and Simacem villages which arelocated in the end side of the horse shoe-shape valley extending from thesummit crater could be a devastated area from large eruption or lahars, asa consequence when :

• Short term : Reidents of these villages can do their activity as usual,however they should be alert to the possibillity of phreatic eruptionwith no sign indicated elevated activity and followed by largeeruption or lahars (during rainy season).

• Long term : Relocation to the safe area/villages.

• People should follow the direction from Local Goverment in regarding MtSinabung activity anticipation.

• Mt Sinabung observatory of Center for Volcanology and GeologicalHazard Mitigation (CVGHM) at Jl. Tiras Bangun, Gg Kayu Bakar, DesaNdokum Siroga, Kecamatan Simpang Empat, Karo Regency coordinatewith Local Government, BPBD (Province) to disseminate information of MtSinabung activity.

• Geological Agency coordinate with BPBD (Province) and LocalGovernment to disseminate information of Mt Sinabung activity.

RECOMENDATION (2)

Thank you !