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"To be or not to be - shielded or unshielded? That is the question!"Presentation title (IMPORT THROUGH MENU View or Insert -> Header & Footer)

" To be or not to be - shielded or unshielded? That is the question!"

Matthias Gerber, Reichle & De-Massari AG

September, 2010

"To be or not to be - shielded or unshielded? That is the question!"

- New application new demands

- Susceptibility to disturbances ↗

- Marketing smog screen.

STP vs. UTP

Motivation


t

1 1 0 0

1

0

U=2 V

0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1

12 Bit = 12 Pulses

NRZ Coding

Modulation: e.g. PAM 16

12 Bit = 3 Pulses

Bits

1111111011011100101110101001100001110110010101000011001000010000

U =0.13 V

4*t

1100 0010 1001

PAM 16 Modulation

Reduces signal bandwidth, increases susceptibility to noise


10 MHz

Manchester Coding

20 MSymbols/s

417 MHz

PAM 16

800 MSymbols/s

10GBase-T

62 MHz

PAM 5

125 MSymbols/s

1000Base-T

31 MHz

MLT-3

125 MSymbols/s

100Base-TX

Sig

nal L

evel

0V

1V

-1V

0.5V

0.13V

1.0V

1.7V

SpectralBandwidth

10Base-T

Development signal strength senders


Sig

nal L

evel

0V

1V

-1V

10Base-T 100BASE-TX 1000BASE-T 10GBASE-T

Manchester Coding MLT-3 PAM 5 PAM 16

0.27V0.81

V

10 MHzIL= 6.5 dB

20 MSymbols/s 25 MSymbols/s 125 MSymbols/s 800 MSymbols/s

SpectralBandwidth

31 MHzIL= 11.4

dB 62 MHzIL= 16.3

dB

417 MHzIL= 44.7

dB

0.08V

0.0008V

50x

Development signal strength receivers


Cpar

Mind

-UC

Idist/2

Idist/2

UC

UD=0

Idist1

Idist2

UC2

UC1

UD>0

UD = UC2 – UC1

Unbalance atten. = 20*Log(UD/Udist)

Perfectly balanced Imperfectly balancedIdist Idist1

Idist2

Udist

Disturbance

Idist Idist/2

Idist/2

Udist

Noise: common mode disturbances


V

20m

Conduit / Raceway

Cable

Test setup:

Common mode coupling between traceway and UTP cabling

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00

Frequency [MHz]

[dB

]

10GBase-T

1000Base-T

Coupling: raceway to UTP cabling


Frequency

acoupl

Unbalance Unscreened

0 dB

PCom

PDif

P‘Com

PCom

PDif

P‘Com

Coupling attenuation acoupl=10*Log(PCom/PDif) Unbalance attenuation

Screening attenuation

Unbalance Screened

Screening attenuation

New Parameter: Coupling attenuation(CA)


Schematic drawing of the test set-up for coupling attenuation

68 dB

The coupling attenuation of the link is determined by means of the absorber clamp method according to EN 50289-1-15:2004:

ISO/IEC 11801 Amendment 1 (2008-04), Class EA limits

30-250 60.3-20lg(f)

ISO/IEC 24702 Industrial Premises MICE Categorization:E1 (Office) acoupl = 40 dB

E2 (Light industry) acoupl = 50 dB

E3 (Factory floor) acoupl = 60 dB

CA @ ISO/IEC 11801 Amd.1 (2008-04)


Primarily between same colored pairs (same lay length)

Difficulties to test in the field

X-Talk of neighboring channels Increases in parallel runs

New parameter: Alien Crosstalk (AXT)


Active DSP Echo- and NEXT – compensation • NEXT: >40 dB• FEXT: >25 dB• RL: >55 dB 1

0G

Ba

se

-T T

ran

sm

iss

ion

Alien Crosstalk

No synchronization no active compensation for Alien Crosstalk

Active Compensation with 10GBase-T


• What EMC properties do shielded and unshielded cabling components possess?

• What special measures are necessary to take for screened or unscreened systems?

• Which advantages and disadvantages are linked to screened or unscreened systems?

• Give guidance to planners or end users to prevent confusion and uncertainty when select systems.

• Providing a fair and independent comparison of the EMC behavior of screened and unscreened cabling

Independent LAB’s Study goals


The study was commissioned by:

The study was carried out by:The study was carried out by:GHMT AGIn der Kolling 1366450 Bexbach

[email protected]

http://www.ghmt.de/

mailto:[email protected]


System 00 System 01 System 02 System 03 System 04 System 05

Type U/UTPLegacy Cat6

U/UTPCat6A

U/UTPCat6A

F/UTPCat6A

S/FTPCat6A

S/FTPTop Cat6A

Channel long short long short long short long short long short long short

Insertion loss (margin) [dB] 8.4 34.4 8.8 35.4 8.6 35.3 8.6 35.5 10.5 34.9 15.5 36.5

NEXT (margin) [dB] 1.1 1.2 4.2 4.2 6.2 7.4 7.3 7.5 5.6 4.6 5.0 5.4

PS NEXT (margin) [dB] 3.2 3.8 5.5 5.3 8.2 8.0 7.8 7.6 5.8 4.8 6.2 6.0

TCL (margin) [dB] 6.4 9.2 8.9 9.6 5.45 10.4

RL (margin) [dB] 4.3 6.6 8.8 8.1 9.5 8.5 3.4 3.0 6.9 9.4 8.2 7.2

PS ANEXT (margin) [dB] -17.7 -7.6 0.93 27.44 31.37 37.92

Coupling Attenuation[dB] to 500 (1000) MHz 21.5 (21.5) 45.0 (33.5) 47.5 (42.0) 78.0 (69.0) 76.0 (71.0) 79.0 (79.0)

System 00 System 01 System 02 System 03 System 04 System 05

Type U/UTPLegacy Cat6

U/UTPCat6A

U/UTPCat6A

F/UTPCat6A

S/FTPCat6A

S/FTPTop Cat6A

Channel long short long short long short long short long short long short

Insertion loss (margin) [dB] 8.4 34.4 8.8 35.4 8.6 35.3 8.6 35.5 10.5 34.9 15.5 36.5

NEXT (margin) [dB] 1.1 1.2 4.2 4.2 6.2 7.4 7.3 7.5 5.6 4.6 5.0 5.4

PS NEXT (margin) [dB] 3.2 3.8 5.5 5.3 8.2 8.0 7.8 7.6 5.8 4.8 6.2 6.0

TCL (margin) [dB] 6.4 9.2 8.9 9.6 5.45 10.4

RL (margin) [dB] 4.3 6.6 8.8 8.1 9.5 8.5 3.4 3.0 6.9 9.4 8.2 7.2

PS ANEXT (margin) [dB] -17.7 -7.6 0.93 27.44 31.37 37.92

Coupling Attenuation[dB] to 500 (1000) MHz 21.5 (21.5) 45.0 (33.5) 47.5 (42.0) 78.0 (69.0) 76.0 (71.0) 79.0 (79.0)

Cabling sample selection


4x Switch 7x Server

ManufacturerExtreme Networks

IBM

TypSummit

X450a-24tX3550

SlotSummit

XGM2-2bt

INTEL 10Gigabit AT Server Adapter

Active components used


Server

Patch cord

Equipment cord

Installation cable

Switch

Server

Equipment cord

Patch panel

Patch panel

System set-up schematic


System set-up anechoic chamber


EN 55022

Tests the ability of a device not to disturb other equipment in their normal operation

Emission: Radiated field strength


10GBase-T: System 02 (U/UTP) vs. System 05 (S/FTP)



Emission: Radiated field strength1000Base-T: System 02 (U/UTP) vs. System 05 (S/FTP)


Spectrum 1000Base-T

Spectrum 10GBase-T

10GBase-T vs. 1000Base-T: System 02 (U/UTP)



No significant differences in terms of EM emission !

single-sided earthing double-sided earthing

10GBase-T: System 05 (S/FTP) different earthing



The better the EMC quality of the cabling, the lower the radiated radio-frequency disturbance field strength.

10 Gbps @ 800 MHz

10GBase-T: Overview



• Screened cabling will be able to transmit 10GBase-T and fulfil Class B emission limits (for residential areas)

• Unscreened cabling with 10GBase-T fulfils Class A emission requirements (for business areas, e.g. dedicated Office spaces, data centre)

• The better the CA (and therefore the screening efficiency) the smaller the radiated field strength.

• No recognizable improvement of the emission from double sided earthing to single sided earthing.

10GBase-T: Summary



•EN 61000-4-3: Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test

•EN 61000-4-4: Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test

•EN 61000-4-6: Immunity to conducted disturbances,induced by radio-frequency fields

•EN 61000-4-8: Power frequency magnetic fieldimmunity test

•EN 61000-4-2: Electrostatic discharge

EMC immunity tests performed


Stress level 1

Stress level 4

Stress level 3

Stress level 2

Test criterion: example plot


E1 E2 E3

Electrostatic discharge -contact (0.667 µC)

4 kV 4 kV 4 kV

Electrostatic discharge –air (0.132 µC)

8 kV 8 kV 8 kV

Radiated high frequency, amplitude-modulated

3 V/m at 80 - 1,000MHz3 V/m at 1,400 - 2,000 MHz1 V/m at 2,000 - 2,700 MHz

3 V/m at 80 - 1,000 MHz3 V/m at 1,400 - 2,000 MHz1 V/m at 2,000 - 2,700 MHz


Conducted high frequency3 V

at 150kHz - 80 MHz3 V


at 150kHz - 80 MHz

Fast transient (burst) 500 VAC 1,000 VAC 2,000 VAC

Surge voltage (transient, earth potential difference)-signal line / earth

500 V 1,000 V 2,000 V

Magnetic field(50/60Hz)

1 A/m 3A/m 30A/m

Magnetic field (60Hz to 20,000Hz)

f.f.s. f.f.s. f.f.s.

E1 E2 E3

Electrostatic discharge -contact (0.667 µC)

4 kV 4 kV 4 kV

Electrostatic discharge –air (0.132 µC)

8 kV 8 kV 8 kV

Radiated high frequency, amplitude-modulated

3 V/m at 80 - 1,000MHz3 V/m at 1,400 - 2,000 MHz1 V/m at 2,000 - 2,700 MHz



Conducted high frequency3 V



at 150kHz - 80 MHz

Fast transient (burst) 500 VAC 1,000 VAC 2,000 VAC

Surge voltage (transient, earth potential difference)-signal line / earth

500 V 1,000 V 2,000 V

Magnetic field(50/60Hz)

1 A/m 3A/m 30A/m

Magnetic field (60Hz to 20,000Hz)

f.f.s. f.f.s. f.f.s.

Excerpt for criterion E (Electromagnetic compatibility)

MICE-Classification EN 50173-1:2008-04


EN 61000-4-3

Tests the ability of a device to operate normally in the presence of electromagnetic fields

Immunity: Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field


E3

E1/ E2

Immunity: Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field, Overview


• All screened systems allow for 10Gpbs operation in E1 / E2 environments.

• For harsher environments, an S-FTP screen construction is necessary.

• Double-sided earthing does not lead to any improvement over single sided earthing.

• Unscreened systems meet the requirements of class E1 / E2 for 1 Gbps. For 10Gbps additional protection measures are necessary.

Immunity: Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field, Summary


Practical test:- Walkie-talkies - - mobile phone - - GSM card -Walkie-talkies, mobile phone, GSM card

Practical test: 10GBase-T


Interference (abort data transmission)

No interference observed

Usage of a wireless communication device in proximity of an unscreened cabling (e.g. in a data center) can impair the data transmission.

System 01 System 02 System 03 System 04 System 05

Walkie-talkies Mobile communication devices

(mobile phone, GSM card)


Walkie-talkies Mobile communication devices

(mobile phone, GSM card)

Walkie-talkies, mobile phone, GSM card



EN 61000-4-4

Tests the ability of a device to operate normally in proximity of disturbing power lines and equipment

Immunity: Fast transients (burst) test


0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

1 Gbps Mixed 10 Gbps

Test

leve

l in

kV

System 01 (U/UTP)System 02 (U/UTP)System 03 (F/UTP)System 04 (S/FTP)System 05 (S/FTP)

E3

E1

E2

10GBase-T, Overview



System 04 (S/FTP)

0.000.501.001.502.002.503.003.504.004.505.00

1 Gbps Mixed 10 Gbps

Test

leve

l in

kV

single-sidedearthing and UTPpatch cable

double-sidedearthing and UTPpatch cable

single-sidedearthing andscreened patchcabledouble-sidedearthing andscreened path cable

E3

E2

E1

10GBase-T, Earthing influence



• All screened systems allow for 10Gpbs operation in all environments (E1 – E3). Quality of the screen improves immunity.

• Double-sided earthing does improve immunity against fast transients over single sided earthing.

• The screen connection has to be continuous from Switch to Server (no U-UTP patch cords).

• Unscreened systems meet the requirements of class E1 for 1 Gbps. For 10Gbps operation carefully routing necessary to separate from power cables

10GBase-T, Summary



Practical test:

- fluorescent lamp -Fluorescent lamp



Interference (abort data transmission)

No interference observed

Fluorescent lamps can impair the 10GBase-T in U-UTP systems, when distance between data cable and power cable or fluorescent lamp is not sufficient.


fluorescentlamp

Supply cable for

fluorescent lamp


fluorescentlamp

Supply cable for

fluorescent lamp

Fluorescent lamp



Experiment: -mesh cable tray-

D = 0 – 50 cm

10GBase-T, Fast transients (burst) test

Experiment: Mesh cable tray


E3

E1

E2

distance between power and data transmission cables

10GBase-T, Fast transients (burst) test, Overview



• Screened systems meet the environmental class E3 at all distances, even without separation.

• For unscreened systems separation to power cabling is essential. For class E1 distances must be ≥ 30 cm.

• The standardized capacitive coupling clamp simulates a cable installation with power and date cable very near together (< 1cm).

10GBase-T, Fast transients (burst) test, Summary



EN 61000-4-6

Tests the ability of a device to operate normally in proximity disturbing power lines

Immunity test: Conducted disturbances, induced by radio- frequency fields


Immunity test: Conducted disturbances, induced by radio- frequency fields, overview

E3

E1/E2


• The screened systems meet the requirements of MICE class E3 for 1000Base-T and 10GBase-T.

• Higher quality screening provides higher immunity against induced radio frequency fields.

• Double-sided earthing does not improve the immunity significantly over single-sided earthing.

• Unscreened systems meet the requirements for E1 / E2 environments in the 1Gbps operation mode.For 10Gbps additional protection against conducted induced radio-frequency fields is needed.

Immunity test: Conducted disturbances, induced by radio- frequency fields, Summary


EN 61000-4-8

Immunity: Power-frequency magnetic field

Tests the ability of a device to operate normally in the presence of large magnetic fields


E3

E1

E2

10GBase-T, Overview



• All systems tested meet the requirements of MICE class E3 in all three operation modes.

• The equalizing currents ascertained with screened systems do not have any impact on data transmission.

• Equalizing currents can be reduced by double-sided earthing.

10GBase-T, Overview



EN 61000-4-2

Immunity: Electrostatic discharge


* Conducted discharge was not tested for U/UTP systems

E1, E2, E3

*

10GBase-T, Overview



• The screened systems meet the requirements for all environments in all three operation modes both for air and for contact discharge.

• The unscreened systems react very sensitive to electrostatic discharges. Additional protection measures are necessary for a safe operation.

• The screen seams to offer a primary discharge path to earth, preventing the discharge to reach the vital intestines of a data cable.

10GBase-T, Summary



Conclusions of UTP/STP study


Parameter System 01U/UTP

System 02U/UTP

System 03F/UTP

System 04S/FTP

System 05S/FTP

Radiated radio-frequency disturbance field strength testEN 55022

-- -- 00 ++ ++++

Testing immunity to radio-frequency electromagnetic fieldsEN 61000-4-3

---- -- 00 ++ ++++

Electrical fast transient/burst immunity testEN 61000-4-4

---- -- ++ ++ ++++

Test relating to the immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fieldsEN 61000-4-6

-- -- ++ ++ ++++

Power-frequency magnetic field immunity testEN 61000-4-8

++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++

Electrostatic discharge immunity testEN 61000-4-2 ---- ---- ++ ++ ++

EMC PerformanceEMC Performance ---- -- 00 ++ ++++

Parameter System 01U/UTP

System 02U/UTP

System 03F/UTP

System 04S/FTP

System 05S/FTP

Radiated radio-frequency disturbance field strength testEN 55022

-- -- 00 ++ ++++

Testing immunity to radio-frequency electromagnetic fieldsEN 61000-4-3

---- -- 00 ++ ++++

Electrical fast transient/burst immunity testEN 61000-4-4

---- -- ++ ++ ++++

Test relating to the immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fieldsEN 61000-4-6

-- -- ++ ++ ++++

Power-frequency magnetic field immunity testEN 61000-4-8

++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++

Electrostatic discharge immunity testEN 61000-4-2 ---- ---- ++ ++ ++

EMC PerformanceEMC Performance ---- -- 00 ++ ++++

EMC results, Summary


• Secure 10GBase-T transmission, requires careful consideration of the environment to choose cabling components accordingly.

• Coupling attenuation as a parameter (especially when measured up to 1 GHz) represents the EMC behavior for emission and immunity with good correlation.

• The more elaborate the screen construction, the lower the emission and the better the immunity against disturbances from the outside.

Conclusions of UTP/STP study (1)


• Screened cabling systems with S-FTP construction are well suited to carry 10GBase-T under all environmental classesScreened solutions with F-UTP construction are good for office environments.

• Unscreened cabling systems can only be used for 10GBase-T outside residential areas (e.g. dedicated offices, data centers).



• For unscreened cabling to transport 10GBase-T special measures must be taken to reduce the exposure of the cabling to external disturbances:

– Careful separation of data cabling to power cabling and disturbing equipment

– Usage of dedicated metallic raceways for data cabling

– Prevent usage of wireless devices in the proximity of the cabling

– Prevent the possibility of ESD



• Only the very best unscreened solution will be able to deliver 10GBase-T

• For the decision of screened or unscreened cabling for 10GBase-T, the whole of the environment and the installation specifics have to be taken into account.


Naslov predavanja

"To be or not to be - shielded or unshielded? That is the question!"Presentation title (IMPORT THROUGH MENU View or Insert -> Header & Footer)

Thank you for your attention!

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