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Michelle Liriano & Lilian Ruiz
Literature Review
• “Litter is anything that is thrown, dropped or deposited in a public place creating an eyesore and/or environmental damage. It can be described as rubbish in the wrong place” (http://www.docstoc.com/docs/2235657/What-is-litter-Why-is-litter-a-problem).
Litter Facts
Tinned Can
Wool Sock
Paper Bag
Banana Peel
http://mdc.mo.gov/nomoretrash/facts/
90 years
1 year
1 month
3-4 weeks
Litter Facts
http://mdc.mo.gov/nomoretrash/facts/
Styrofoam Container
Plastic Jug
Aluminum Can
Disposable Diaper
>1 million years
million years
200-500 years
550 years
Research Question
•What are the physical, social, and environmental effects of littering?
Why Littering?
• Trash on the sidewalk
• In our neighborhoods
• An issue in OUR city
Why Littering?
• What I hoped to find:
– Why do people litter?
– Why are some neighborhoods cleaner than others?
– Who is responsible for cleaning the city of Boston?
– Do corner stores, garbage trucks, train stations contribute to the trash on streets?
– Are there enough trash cans provided in neighborhoods in Boston
So, what’s the Problem?
• Actions of people- people who throw their trash out on the streets
• Not enough trash cans in neighborhoods and streets
• Illegal Dumping
• Negligence from the city’s part to provide an equal amount of resources to each neighborhood in Boston.
Hypothesis
• So we thought…– Only people who litter (litterbugs) were
involved
– The city wasn’t doing anything about it
– People don’t care about their neighborhoods
– Youth were the main contributors
Type of litter Percentages
Fast food 33%
Paper 29%
Aluminum 28%
Glass 6%
Plastic 2%
Other 2%
Main types of litter
Literature Review
Literature Review
• “… as people's perceptions of neighborhood decline increase, it's more likely that crime will occur and that criminals will be drawn to the area because it appears more likely that criminal behavior will be tolerated or ignored” (Impact of Litter, 2).
Literature Review
• “Some explanation of why people litter is that it is an anti-social behavior, the result of negligence, habit, or lack of education about the impact of littering” (Impact of Litter, 3).
Methodology- Interviews
• People with experience– Micheal Watts– Kate England– Betty Cowan– Candice Cook– Mike Handly
• Provide us with facts
• Different side of the story
• Why this problem still persists in Boston
Methodology
• Internship Placement
• We came to the realization that everyone is at fault– The government– You (littering and for not doing anything)
– Us (for not doing anything)
Thesis
ThesisSocial Effects:• People less likely to visit the area
• Takes the pride away from a neighborhood
• People will not value where they live
• Littering will become a habit
Thesis
Physical Effects:• Streets look dirty and neighborhoods
unattractive
• Hurts the community by making the community trashy– fewer customers for businesses
• Leads to crime perceptions – neighborhood looks neglected
Thesis
Environmental Effects:• Trash clogs sewers, rivers, creates
toxic soil• Plants will die • Health of people will be at risk, – Asthma rates– Diseases carried by an increase pests
• Increases pollution
Defense/Evidence
• Jenkins described what the word environment means to ACE, –“Environment is where you
live, learn, play, therefore environmental justice (which is what ACE strives to do) is how people interact with their surroundings.”
LearnIdentifyTeachTrainEventsRestore
Action Plan
The Ask
•Educate People
•Broadcasting a PSA to general
public
•Curriculum in schools
•City services
The Ask
•Equity between Neighborhoods
•Enough trash cans
•Bag change
•Street cleaning
• Jobs
The Ask
•Set Example
•Sports team connection
•Button Campaign for city
residents/youth
•Take ownership of issue
Questions/Comments??
Thank you for your time!