PRESENTED BY;PRESENTED BY;

CONTENTSCONTENTS

MICRO ORGANISMS.MICRO ORGANISMS. VIRUSES.VIRUSES. BACTERIA .BACTERIA . FUNGUS.FUNGUS. ALGAE.ALGAE. PROTOZOANS.PROTOZOANS. AMOEBA ENGULFING A PARAMECIUM.AMOEBA ENGULFING A PARAMECIUM. BACTERIA SHOWING FLAGELLA.BACTERIA SHOWING FLAGELLA. PENICILLIUM GROWING IN AGAR.PENICILLIUM GROWING IN AGAR. SCIENTISTS BEHIND THE SCENES.SCIENTISTS BEHIND THE SCENES.

Why did I chosen this topic ?

TO RECOGNIZE THE DIFFERENT TYPE OF MICRO ORGANISMS. TO KNOW ABOUT THE STRUCTURE CERTAIN MICRO ORGANISMS, LIKE VIRUS ,BACTERIA, FUNGUS, ALGAE &PROTOZOANS. TO DEVELOP AWARENESS REGARDING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF SCIENTISTS.

Micro –organisms are northing but Micro –organisms are northing but microbes .microbes .

They are the smallest living creatures on They are the smallest living creatures on the which can survive most temperate the which can survive most temperate places and coldest point of the earth to places and coldest point of the earth to the deepest core and the starting point the deepest core and the starting point of the earth. they are the second living of the earth. they are the second living creatures on earth, which can reproduce, creatures on earth, which can reproduce, locomotion , response to stimulus . locomotion , response to stimulus .

Louis Pasteur

Joseph Lister

Robert Koch

CLICK HERE.

The pioneers contributed to the field of microbiology.

1) VIRUSES

2) BACTERIA

3) FUNGUS

4) ALGAE

5) PROTOZOANS

TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS

INFLUENZA VIRUS

HIV VIRUS

Viruses are the smallest micro organisms which are having both living and non-living characters.

Some of the diseases caused by viruses are common cold , polio, brain fever , measles , AIDS,Influenza etc ….

SPIRAL BACTERIAROUND SHAPED BACTERIA

ROD SHAPED BACTERIAVIBRIO CHOLERAE

They are prokaryotes .They have different shape .Some of the diseases caused by bacteria are Tuberculosis ,Leprosy ,A anthrax ,Cholera,Typhoid.

Although many forms of bacteria are not capable of independent movement, species such as the Salmonella bacterium pictured here can move by means of fine thread-like projections called flagella. The arrangement of flagella

across the surface of the bacterium differs from species to species; they can be present at the ends of the bacterium or all across the body surface.

Forward movement is accomplished either by a tumbling motion or in a forward manner without tumbling.

Bread yeast, or baker’s yeast, is a type of sac fungus. It reproduces by a process

called budding. Bread yeast causes bread to rise by releasing carbon

dioxide, which gets trapped in the dough. The Egyptians were the first to discover

that allowing dough to ferment produced gases that made bread lighter .

BREAD YEAST Fungi are made of filamentous tubes called hyphae. In many species, perforated walls, or septa, divide the hyphae into cells containing one or two nuclei. Protoplasm flows through the opening in the septa to provide the cells with nutrients, which are stored in the hyphal walls as glycogen. Hyphae elongate from the tip. The entire mass of hyphae is collectively called the mycelium, primary below ground and secondary above.

Penicillin, probably the best-known antibiotic, is derived from the mould Penicillium no Tatum, pictured here. It is effective against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria which it kills directly or by

inhibiting their growth.

SPIROGYRA GREEN ALGAE

Algae grow in moist pleces and fresh water ponds and lakes.Tey produce organic matter through photosynthesis

EUGLENA PARAMECIUM

AMOEBA

AMOEBA

Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites cause intestinal pain, diarrhea / constipation (Montezuma's revenge), immune depression, and skin disorders. It may also cause liver, brain or other tissue pathology. It is transmitted through direct or indirect fecal-oral conta

The euglena is a single-celled plant-like organism with a whip-like flagellum located at one end for locomotion. Sperm cells of vertebrates, some protozoans, and dinoflagellates, the single-celled algae responsible for causing red tides, also possess a flagellum for movement.

Ciliated protozoans are single-celled organisms that are propelled

by minute, hair-like projections called cilia. In addition to

locomotion, cilia also create currents that help sweep food

particles into a small depression in the body surface through which

food is ingested. Ciliated protozoans can be found in water

or soil and in parasitic or symbiotic relationships with other

organisms. In soils, ciliated protozoans function as

decomposing organisms, breaking down organic matter into

substances that can be used by other organisms.

Reproduction of an AmoebaReproduction of an Amoeba The single-celled amoeba demonstrates a simple method of The single-celled amoeba demonstrates a simple method of

asexual reproduction; it divides in half by a process called fission, asexual reproduction; it divides in half by a process called fission, producing two smaller daughter cells. After a period of feeding producing two smaller daughter cells. After a period of feeding and growth, these two daughter cells will themselves divideand growth, these two daughter cells will themselves divide ..

Here an amoeba, a single-celled organism lacking

internal organs, approaches a much smaller paramecium

and begins to engulf it by surrounding it with two large outflowings of its cytoplasm,

called pseudopodia. Once the paramecium is

completely engulfed, a primitive digestive cavity,

called a vacuole, forms around it. In the vacuole,

acids break the paramecium down into chemicals that the

amoeba can diffuse back into its cytoplasm for

nourishment.