presented by professor michael henshaw loughborough...

Presented by Professor Michael Henshaw Loughborough University

Key messages

• Researchers have identified areas for collaboration in which EU and US bring complementary capabilities

• Additional access to test beds for CPS is an essential need of researchers in EU and US

• Verification is (most) significant issue

• models and CPS

• Recommendations from various EU Support actions and programmes* is consistent regarding EU-US collaboration: appropriate structures are required to lower the barriers to collaboration.

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*cps Summit, T-AREA-SoS, PICASSO, BILAT USA as well as Acheson/Leon 2013.

Project and Consortium

• TAMS4CPS:

• Support Action, co-financed by the European Commission, DG Connect ICT 1-2014: Smart Cyber-Physical Systems

• Project duration: February 2015 - January 2017, 24 months

• Total EC contribution: EUR 399.650

• GA No.: 644821

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George Mason University

Georgia Institute of Technology

Purdue University

The University of Texas at San Antonio

Stevens Institute

US Collaborators

Loughborough University, United Kingdom

Steinbeis-Europa-Zentrum, Germany

Newcastle University, United Kingdom

EU Partners

Motivation and Objectives

• Motivation • CPS is a key enabling technology vital for a leading position in future

science & innovation

• Technical challenges best met by the cooperation EU and US, to benefit both EU and US industry and economy.

• TAMS4CPS Objectives • Define scope of CPS for US and Europe and agreed scope for

collaboration

• Identify priority research and development needs for M&S for CPS

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• Create a Strategic Research Agenda for Collaboration (SRAC) in M&S for CPS endorsed by European and US industry and academia

• Provide key enablers for Trans-Atlantic collaboration in M&S for CPS

• Disseminate findings of the project to the research and user communities in both the EU and the US

To lay the foundations for EU-US

collaboration in M&S for CPS

Principal outputs of TAMS4CPS

ROAD2CPS Project

Set of test cases

State of the Art evaluation

CPS Challenges

M&S Challenges

Mutual EU-US

interest

Collaboration mechanisms

TAMS4CPS Project

Strategic Research Agenda for Collaboration

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Approach

• Twin workshops based on Artemis themes • Based on road mapping

approach

• Webinar meetings to disseminate and check results

• Peer review and survey of outputs

• Literature review

• Interviews

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Modelling & simulation workshop themes 1. Architectures Principles and models for Autonomous Safe and

secure CPS

2. System Design, modelling and virtual engineering for CPS

3. Real time modelling for Autonomous adaptive and cooperative CPS

4. Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) applied to Computing Platforms and energy management

5. Integration of socio/legal/governance models within modelling framework

IoT: networked CPS connected via the Internet

that are always a SoS

SOS usually composed of systems with managerial and

operational independence

CPS conjoined cyber and physical aspects of the system. Always contain

embedded software

SoS IoT CPS

Un-networked CPS

Interacting CPS that are connected by non-Internet technologies

Cyber Physical Systems

Figure: Henshaw, M. J. de C. (2016). Systems of Systems, Cyber-Physical Systems, the Internet-of-Things… Whatever Next?, INSIGHT, 19(3), pp 51-55.

CPS: the “fundamental intellectual problem of conjoining the engineering traditions of the cyber and physical worlds” Lee, Edward. (2015), The Past, Present and Future of Cyber-Physical Systems: A Focus on Models, Sensors 15 (3): 4837–69.

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Models

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CPS configuration: Individual

CPS configuration:

Group Collaborative

CPS configuration:

Group Collaborative

CPS configuration:

Group Collaborative

CPS configuration: Federated





Device with embedded software with

capability to monitor and respond to its local environment. Specific

functional purpose.

CPS configuration: Enterprise













Collection of devices with embedded software that

exchange data to provide a range of services associated

with the users’ local environment and activities.

Large network of similar devices

providing co-ordination and optimisation of resources to many

users.

Flexible interconnection of

heterogeneous devices offering multi-modal

provision of a range of services

Example from Transport

Single vehicle + “driver” e.g. current

vehicles giving driver assistance

Collective vehicles (e.g. convoys),

communication between vehicles

City/Regional Traffic control (100’s-100,000);

interactions between vehicles and

infrastructure

Management of multi-modal transport at regional or national

level

CPS Range of Complexity

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https://stock.adobe.com/uk/license-terms

Theme 1: Test beds for CPS

• Collaboration Objectives • To create common test

beds in order to verify or test CPS models and / or prototypes;

• To use common test beds to ensure interoperability of CPS models and / or CPS products.

• Creation of joint test beds

• Exploitation of existing test beds • TAMS4CPS has compiled

list of current test beds in US and EU

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1. Large-scale test beds for CPS (especially autonomous vehicles)

2. Evaluation of cross-domain architectures

3. Combining formal verification and simulation technology

4. Testing and evaluation of resilient systems

5. Simulated environments for human-automation interaction

6. Interoperability demonstration

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Theme 2: Inclusion of Human Factors in M&S

• Collaboration objectives • To develop models of

human behaviour appropriate to human-CPS interaction;

• To include validated models of human behaviour within CPS models, simulations, and architectures.

• Situational awareness of Humans and of CPS are essential areas of interest for safety

• Shared datasets

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1. Modelling behaviour and performance of human

interacting with CPS

2. Modelling of decision and control within CPS

3. Physiological and psychological behaviour of

CPS enhanced performance

4. Modelling of governance of CPS

5. Modelling of societal aspects within business

models

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Theme 3: Open framework for model interoperability Theme 4: Incorporate security architectural features into models

• Collaboration Objectives (3) • To create an open framework

kernel supporting modular IP integration with components on tooling and model level;

• To create the open framework to support runtime execution of models;

• To create the capability to validate the overall system of models, providing confidence in the composition of models and simulation.

• To enable rapid integration of models

• Collaborative co-simulation

• Collaboration Objectives (4) • To develop and agree metrics

for secure CPS;

• To identify architectural features related to system security

• Comparatively fundamental research

• Focus on individual privacy and commercial security approaches

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3&4/7

Theme 5: Combining Formal Verification and Simulation Technology

• Collaboration Objective • To combine formal

verification and simulation of CPS in the specific domains

• Verification is most significant challenge for CPS

• Underlying assumption: • Formal verification is

possible

• Need for new (economic) approaches to verification

• Link to test bed theme

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Verify

Verify

Verify

Whilst a general solution to this problem is probably unachievable, there is the possibility to achieve this is specific domains.

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Theme 6: An evolutionary approach to testing and evaluation of adaptive / resilient CPS

• Collaboration Objective • To create an

evolutionary approach to testing and evaluation (T&E) of adaptive CPS, signalling a paradigm shift in T&E.

• Paradigm change to continuous testing • Technical challenges • Verification philosophy • Adaptive models • Data stream analysis • Metrics for evaluation

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Two main challenges 1. Fundamental research into

appropriate analytics for streaming data

2. Agreeing acceptance of data-driven models for assurance/certification

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Theme 7: Big-data analytics modelling via machine learning

• Collaboration Objectives • To enable interpretation of

big data (heterogeneous, sometimes very large datasets) to instrument models;

• To develop big data analysis for faster than real time applications.

• Application in real-time control

• Model adaptation to new data

• Machine-learning

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Variety Veracity

Value

7/7

Collaboration mechanisms

1. Establishment of high-level bilateral agreements, elaboration of a joint and agreed agenda and setting up working groups to implement agreements

2. Establishment of thematic, targeted funding programmes with relevance to the respective STI policies (e.g. aligned to Grand Challenges)

3. Joint calls, twinning of research projects, and co-fund schemes open to the respective partners (single pot, reciprocity)

4. Facilitating US participation in mainstream H2020 projects

5. Funding of joint workshops, conferences or series of seminars as well as travel support to conferences

6. Supporting the mobility of researchers, staff exchange, fellowships to students, trans-Atlantic training and education approaches.

7. Access to research infrastructure, sharing of equipment, such as joint development and funding of open platforms, test beds and living labs to increase strategic, long-term collaboration

8. Enhancing the visibility of EU/US programmes

9. Support to technology transfer, sharing of knowledge and application-oriented cooperation

10. Enhancing framework conditions for trans-Atlantic collaboration

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Recommendations

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Recommendations to the European commission

1. The EC should work with appropriate US funding agencies to create test beds for CPS and to create suitable collaborative structures for effective joint exploitation of existing test beds.

2. For jointly funded activities between the EU and US, the EC should target US funding agencies whose support focuses on applied research at Technology Readiness Levels above fundamental science.

3. The EC and appropriate US funding agencies should take deliberate action to simplify the framework for trans-Atlantic collaboration by adopting best practice, as exemplified in the EU-NIH agreement.

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NIH = US National Institutes of Health

Recommendations to the European commission

4. The EC should establish a joint project with US

agencies to create a common plan for

collaborative CPS development and should ensure

a single point of contact for US stakeholders.

5. As a matter of urgency, Europe and US should

collaborate on CPS-related standards to protect

their industries from the imposition of

standards from elsewhere.

6. The EC should increase the funding of

researcher mobility between EU and US,

including mainstreaming this in future EIT

KICs.

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EIT KICs = European Institute of Innovation and Technology Knowledge and Innovation Communities

Recommendations to the Research Community and the European Commission

7. The EC should promote joint programmes in

the technical areas discussed (“the themes

of the Agenda”) through a variety of

collaborative mechanisms with US funding

agencies.

8. European researchers should seek to

identify and collaborate with US leaders in

the technical areas identified as the

“themes of the Agenda” in order to

establish long-term strategic development

of modelling and simulation to support CPS

for the mutual benefit of EU and US.

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Principal Deliverables

• Strategic Research Agenda for Collaboration (D3.2)

• State of the Art Report (D2.1) • + Database of SoA

information (Magpie)

• Test Cases or M&S for CPS Validation (D2.2)

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http://www.tams4cps.eu/

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Consortium Michael J. de C. Henshaw, Peter Brook, Sofia Ahlberg-Pilfold, Luminita Ciocoiu, Lipika Deka, Murray Sinclair, and Carys Siemieniuch (Loughborough University, UK) John Fitzgerald, Zoe Andrews, Claire Ingram and Paolo Zuliani (Newcastle University, UK) Sabine Hafner-Zimmermann, Meike Reimann, and Sarah Mortimer (Steinbeis-Europa-Zentrum, Germany) TAMS4CPS acknowledges the support from the five US universities involved in the project: Professor Alexander H. Levis (George Mason University); Professor Dimitris Mavris and Dr. Kelly Griendling (Georgia Institute of Technology); Prof. Daniel DeLaurentis and Dr. Inseok Hwang (Purdue University); Professor Gregg Versonder (Stevens Institute of Technology); and Professor Mo M. Jamshidi (University of Texas, San Antonio). The TAMS4CPS project is co-funded by the European Community’s Horizon 2020 Programme under grant agreement no 644821. This publication is the Final Strategic Research Agenda for Collaboration developed within the project.

Key messages

• Researchers have identified areas for collaboration in which EU and US bring complementary capabilities

• Additional access to test beds for CPS is an essential need of researchers in EU and US

• Verification is (most) significant issue

• models and CPS

• Recommendations from various EU Support actions and programmes* is consistent regarding EU-US collaboration: appropriate structures are required to lower the barriers to collaboration.

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*cps Summit, T-AREA-SoS, PICASSO, BILAT USA as well as Acheson/Leon 2013.

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presented by professor michael henshaw loughborough...

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