presented to: japanese meteorological agency by: tammy farrar weather policy and requirements group...

Presented to: Japanese Meteorological Agency

By: Tammy Farrar

Weather Policy and Requirements Group

Date: March 24, 2009

Federal AviationAdministrationAviation Weather

Office

FAA and In Situ Observations

2 2Federal AviationAdministration

FAA and In Situ ObservationsMarch 24, 2009

FAA and In Situ Observations• In Situ Utilization Today

– Operations• ITWS

– Research• AWRP

• Next Gen Implications– Overview– Major Programs With In Situ Implications

• NNEW• RWI• WTIC

• Questions?



FAA In Situ Utilization TodayOperations

Integrated Terminal Weather System (ITWS)

• Fully automated, integrated terminal weather information system.

• Provides current conditions / forecasts (up to 60 min) of terminal weather

• Accurate, easy-to-understand, and immediately useable graphical weather information on a single, full color display

• Uses sophisticated algorithms to integrate data from FAA and NWS sensors, radars, weather models, and from aircraft in flight



ITWS

Pilots

Controllers

Aircraft (MDCRS)Lightning

ASR

LLWAS

ITWS

AWOS/ASOS

TDWR NEXRAD

Supervisors-TRACON- ARTCC TMU- CWSU

Airlines- Dispatch- Ramp Tower

ITWSReal-TimeProcessor

1-hr ForecastMicroburst PredictionGust Front Prediction

Storm Location & MotionStorm Cell Information

Terminal WindsTornado

RUC



FAA In Situ Utilization TodayOperations

Integrated Terminal Weather System (ITWS)• Users:

– Air Traffic personnel in the Air Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) and Terminal Radar Control (TRACON) facility

– Traffic Management and Center Weather Service Unit personnel in the Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)

– Air Traffic Control Systems Command Center (ATCSCC), airport authorities, airline dispatch offices and other Users (i.e. airlines)

• Authorized FAA & non-FAA users have internet access to ITWS products

• ITWS products will be made compatible with NextGen requirements



FAA In Situ Utilization TodayResearchAviation Weather Research Program (AWRP)• Plans and conducts research, development of new weather capabilities and technologies to meet current and future aviation needs.

•Turbulence Research Team improving detection of en route turbulence

• Developed Eddy Dissipation Rate (EDR) algorithms

• Accelerometer-based algorithm in UAL a/c; improved winds-based algorithm on DAL a/c, in process of implementing on SWA a/c

• EDR data displayed on Aviation Digital Data Service (ADDS)

• FY09/10: Yearlong demonstration with DAL to investigate the benefits of EDR to NAS capacity/safety and airline operations

• QC’d EDR data displayed on Earth Systems Research Laboratory (ESRL) Global Systems Division (GSD) AMDAR display

• EDR integrated into the Graphical Turbulence Guidance (GTG-2) product, soon to be operational



Graphical Turbulence Guidance (GTG)• Based on RUC NWP model

– GTG1• Upper-level CAT (>FL200) • Operational on ADDS since 3/2003• http://adds.aviationweather.noaa.gov

– GTG2• Clear-air sources 10,000 ft MSL-FL450 • On Experimental ADDS since 11/2004• Will replace GTG1 on operational ADDS in 2009

– Uses a combination of turbulence diagnostics, merged and weighted according to current performance (pireps, EDR)

• Current work areas– Probabilistic forecasts of moderate-or-greater (MOG) and severe-or-greater

(SOG) turbulence– Optimal use of insitu reports– Assimilation of turbulence-related observations



Ellrod1

DTF3

FRNTGth

VWS

UBF

Ri

CLIMO

TEMPG

- NVA

NCSU1

NCSU2

EDRS10

GTG

GTG =Weighted ensemble of turbulence diagnostics

0 h forecast valid at 22 Sep 2006 15Z



Graphical Turbulence Guidance (GTG)



Graphical Turbulence Guidance (GTG)Based on RUC, GFS, or WRF NWP

forecasts

Current work areas include:

Optimal use of in situ reports

Probability of Moderate Or Greater, Severe Or Greater > some EDR threshold

Global applications (global GFS, regional WRF)

Incorporate satellite-based feature detectors

Output expected to populate the SAS of the NextGen 4D Weather Data Cube

deterministic

AIREPs

Ude

Elevated Ude

UAL In situ edr

Probability > moderate



Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen)

Ground-based Navigation and Surveillance

Air Traffic Control Communications By Voice

Disconnected Information Systems

Air Traffic “Control”

Fragmented Weather Forecasting

Airport Operations Limited By Visibility Conditions

Forensic Safety Systems

Today’s National Airspace System NextGen

Satellite-based Navigation and Surveillance

Routine Information Sent Digitally

Information More Readily Accessible

Air Traffic “Management”

Forecasts Embedded into Decisions

Operations Continue Into Lower Visibility Conditions

Prognostic Safety Systems



NextGen Aviation Weather

Today• Not integrated into aviation decision-

support systems (DSS)• Inconsistent/conflicting weather

information• Low temporal resolution (for aviation

decision making purposes)• Updated by schedule• Fixed graphic or text product

formats• Inconsistent access• Disjointed point-to-point

communications• Human intensive processing

NextGen• Totally integrated in DSS

• Nationally consistent weather information

• High temporal resolution

• Updated by events/situation• Interactive data formats

• Universal common access• Net-enabled information connection

• Increased machine to machine communications



NextGen Network Enabled Weather (NNEW)

• The 4-D Weather Cube will provide common, universal access to aviation weather data.

• Improved weather data (observations & forecasts) available from the 4-D Weather Data Cube will improve traffic management capability and reduce delays.

• Provide Single Authoritative Source (SAS) of weather information for all users.

• Provide access to weather information indexed by aircraft and weather type.

• Reduce the need for human interpretation of data by direct machine-to-machine access & integration in decision support tools.



NextGen and the 4-D Weather Cube



Reduce Weather Impact (RWI)•A portfolio of NextGen capability improvements to mitigate the effects of weather in future NAS operations.

•Provide consistent weather information that will support more effective and timely decision making through the use of automated decision support tools.

NWP

NLDN Lightni

ngNOAA GOES

Satellites

MDCRS RUC Model Forecasts

Advanced Weather Forecasts & Legacy Applications

Integrated into user

systems and DSTs

…e.g., URET, RAPT, TFMS

Meteorologist



Reduce Weather ImpactTwo major elements:

Weather Forecast Improvements• Integrate weather information tailored for Decision Support Tools (DSTs)

and systems into NextGen operations

• Implement improved forecasts by transitioning advanced capabilities from aviation weather research

• Develop metrics to evaluate the effectiveness of weather improvements in the NAS

• Develop probabilistic forecasts which can be used for traffic flow management

• Determine the most effective solution for a processor architecture to support these capabilities

• Propose recommendations for transitioning FAA legacy weather systems into NextGen.



Reduce Weather Impact

Two major elements:

Weather Observation Improvements• Optimize the weather sensor network to eliminate redundancy

and inconsistencies among sensor types, configurations, and ground infrastructure reducing cost and improving performance

• Determine the right sensor mix among ground-based, satellite, and airborne atmospheric sensor networks

• Improve the resolution of the weather sensor network

• Effort being worked jointly with government, industry, and academic agencies



Weather Technology in the Cockpit (WTIC)

• A portfolio of related research and development (R&D) activities to

ensure the adoption of cockpit, ground, and communication

technologies, practices, and procedures that will:

– Provide pilots with shared and consistent weather information to

enhance common situational awareness

– Provide airborne tools to exploit the common weather picture

– Utilize the “aircraft as a node” functions to autonomously exchange

weather information with surrounding aircraft and ground systems

– Facilitate integration of weather information into cockpit NextGen

capabilities (e.g. Trajectory Based Operations)



Weather Technology in the Cockpit (WTIC)

A/C Comm Links

A/C Comm Links

Building 2

Building 2

Network Service Provider

Wx Ground ProcessorsATM Wx User I/O Devices

Aircraft Transceivers

Airborne Processor

Aircraft Type & Equipage

Navigational Information

Traffic Information

Human Machine Interface



QUESTIONS?



Back-up Slides



Corridor Integrated Weather System (CIWS)

• Background– CIWS is an automated weather processing system that ingests

weather sensor and model data to generate a suite of convective weather forecast (0 – 2 Hr) products for the northeast corridor.

• CIWS does not incorporate airborne sensor data

• Integration of CIWS products with Traffic Flow Management Decision Support Tools

• CIWS functionality will be component in NextGen Weather Processor

– CIWS products are currently disseminated to 15 FAA facilities (ATCSCC, ARTCCs, TRACONs), airlines operations centers, and several R&D organizations.

– CIWS was developed, operated and maintained by MIT Lincoln Laboratory



Corridor Integrated Weather System (CIWS)



Corridor Integrated Weather System (CIWS)Graphical Coverage

2007 Coverage Area

Current Coverage Area



Corridor Integrated Weather System (CIWS)Display

Base Products

Additional Products

Loop Controls

System Menus

Color Bars

View Menu

• Product Status Button colors:– White: the product is not displayed– Green: the product is displayed– Yellow: the product is displayed but filtered– Red: the product is unavailable

• Left-click to toggle; right-click for menus

Base Product Forecast



ITWS-How does it fit into the NAS?

• ITWS is integrated into the FAA’s Strategic Management Plan

• ITWS helps fill the performance gap identified in the FAA’s Greater Capacity goal:– Objective 1: Increase airport capacity to meet projected demand– Strategy 1: Improve technologies to make air traffic flow more

efficiently during periods of adverse weather

• ITWS provides significant economic benefits in airline operations efficiencies and passenger time savings– Estimated benefits to cost ratios as high as 19.8:1



Graphical Turbulence Guidance (GTG)Based on RUC, GFS, or WRF NWP forecasts

Current work areas include:

Optimal use of in situ reports

Probability of Moderate Or Greater, Severe Or Greater > some EDR threshold

Global applications (global GFS, regional WRF)

Incorporate satellite-based feature detectors

Output expected to populate the SAS of the NextGen 4D Weather Data Cube

Dr. Bob [email protected]

deterministic

AIREPs

Ude

Elevated Ude

UAL In situ edr

Probability > moderate

presented to: japanese meteorological agency by: tammy farrar weather policy and requirements group...

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