presented to school based law enforcement conference corpus christi, texas june, 2011 presented by...
TRANSCRIPT
Presented to
School Based Law Enforcement Conference
Corpus Christi, Texas
June, 2011
Presented by
Sgt. Steve Garst
Certified Crime Prevention Specialist
Community Services Division
Little Elm Police Department, Texas
Practical CPTED forSchool Campuses
Steve Garst L.C.C., C.C.P.S.
B.B.A. Degree – Sam Houston State University
TCLEOSE Master Peace Officer
TCLEOSE Instructor Certification
Law Enforcement Management Institute of Texas (LEMIT) Leadership Command College (LCC) – Class # 41
Certified Crime Prevention Specialist
20 years law enforcement experience
Former Sergeant and Coordinator of School Safety – Conroe ISD
Sergeant - Crime Prevention/Community Services – Little Elm PD
C.P.T.E.D. Specialist
Agenda
Basic Overview of CPTED Principles
Maintenance
Natural Surveillance
Access Control
Territorial Reinforcement
The four D’s of CPTED
Deter Detect
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Delay Deny
Agenda
Key Concepts of Security & Strategies
Terrorism
Doors, Windows, and other points of entry
Perimeter Control – 1st line of defense
Fences, Landscaping, and Lighting
Building Exterior Reinforcement – 2nd line of defense
Building Interior – 3rd line of defense
Locks, Alarms, and Cameras
Weather issues
Color and CPTED Movement and CPTED
Floor plans and layouts Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police
Dept.
Definition
What is Crime Prevention?
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
The anticipation, recognition, and appraisal of a crime risk and the initiation of action to remove or reduce it.
Definition
What is Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design?
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Proper design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in the incidence of crime and the fear of crime and lead to an improvement in the quality of life.
Security Truism
Convenience Kills
Safety
Convenient
Safe Convenient
SafeSgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Security Caveat
No security system can be made completely secure!
Anything made by man can be defeated by man!
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
The Law of Unintended
Consequences
Learn to think outside the (form of some other geometrical shape besides a) box.
You must “what if” solutions to be sure you don’t create one problem while trying to solve another.
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Enforce the Rules
When the smallest of rules goes unenforced, all the rest become
mere suggestions!Sgt. Steve Garst
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
If you have a rule in the rule book you do not fairly, uniformly and consistently
enforce, REMOVE IT!
Four D’s of Crime Prevention
1. Deter the criminal attack.
2. Detect the attack.
3. Delay the attack.
4. Deny access to selected targets.
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Natural Surveillance
Natural Access Control
Territorial Behavior
Maintenance
Key CPTED Concepts
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Natural Surveillance
The ability to see in or out
Applies to residential or commercial
Extends to parking lots and beyond
Key CPTED Concepts
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Windows, landscape maintenance, open areas, lighting and much more
Visibility Issues
Must NOT obstruct visibility
A solid barrier has two negative effects…
• Provides a shield for unauthorized activity
• Prohibits visual inspection of the property.
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Natural Access Control
Concept directed primarily at decreasing crime opportunity by denying access to crime targets and creating in offenders a perception of risk.
Done by designing streets, buildings, entrances, gateways, etc. to clearly indicate
public routes and to discourage access to private areas using structural elements.
Key CPTED Concepts
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Control Ingress and Egress
Serve as a channel for persons and vehicles,
Must accommodate routine, expected movement,
Must also consider emergencies,
Must not deter from the overall value or benefit of the barrier itself.
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Territorial Reinforcement
Using physical attributes that express ownership, such as fences, pavement treatment, art, signs, lighting and such to show private ownership.
Makes legitimate users feel safer.
Discourages intruders.
Key CPTED Concepts
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Highway
Public Sidewalk
Green Belt
Your Driveway
Your Building Sidewalk
Fence or low landscaping
Your Building
Lighting
Grass, dirt, gravel, other area
Paving or Walk Material Different from Public Walk
Maintenance
A very important, but often ignored aspect…
Must be inspected on a periodic basis to determine condition and guard against digging, damage, climbing aides, etc.
Locks on gates and other openings in the barrier must be inspected periodically and
changed at planned intervals.
“BROKEN WINDOWS” concept.
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Landscaping and Shrubbery
Insure optimum visibility of all possible entrances and exits.
Locate shrubs eighteen to twenty-four inches away from all entrances and exits.
Cut shrubs at least six inches below window level, or no higher than eighteen inches.
Trim tall shrubs and trees for the ground up to six to eight feet to assure visibility.
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Landscaping and Shrubbery – cont.
Separate hedges to prevent hiding.
Remove rocks, wood chips, removal mats, et al from doorways to prevent blocking the door opening.
Generally, thick, and thorny type bushes or hedges are most recommended. BUT…
…remember that they may be used to hide an intruder!
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Lighting
Proper lighting serves as one of the most effective perimeter barriers available
Provides both a physical and psychological deterrence
Very efficient deterrent
Partially restores some of the deterrence provided by daylight
MUST… Be functioning properly
Protect fixtures, switches, fuse boxes
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Building Perimeter – FIRST Line of Defense
Any concession made here MUST be made up at the second or third line of defense.
Fences
Gates
Concessions made on the first line of defense should be made up for here
Exterior lighting
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Parking control After-hour access
Building Exterior – Second Line of
DefenseConsider principle points of entry:
Doors Windows
Roof hatches Skylights
Floors Storm sewers
In other words…. Consider not only sides but top and bottom.
Concessions made on the first line of defense should be made up for here
Window air conditioner
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Other Entry Points
Sewers, storm drains, manhole covers
(secure with chains, padlocks, bars, grating)
Roof / roof hatches / skylights
(make recommendations as circumstances dictate)
Shafts, vents, ducts, fire escapes
(make recommendations as circumstances dictate)
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
General Building Perimeter Recommendations
1.) Get those doors LOCKED.
2.) Remove door mats and other door blocks.
3.) Install door open alarm notifiers.
4.) Provide adequate signs and visitor notices.
5.) Routinely check roof hatches, skylights and other possible entry points.
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Interior Controls Third Line of Defense
Complex area and may vary considerably from building to building
Considerations are:
Locks
Key control
Alarms
Cameras
Metal detecto
rs
Type of glassAccess
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Building Access
Is entry limited to certain doors?
Can secured doors be easily defeated?
What precautions are in place to prevent defeat?
Who unlocks / locks building?
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
LOCKS
Retrofit old locks
Meets ADA compliance requirementsOld “classroom function” style locks only from outside
ANSI - F88 lock
Locks from either side only with a key but…
…if locked from inside, cannot be opened from outside.
Remove outside entry handles except on main doorKeep all doors locks – storage, electrical, classrooms not in use, et al.
Upgrade and enforce key control.
Key ControlHow many keys are out
there?How do you know, for sure?
When was the last time building was re-keyed?
Who has keys?
What do they open?
Are there any reports of lost keys?
If ‘yes’, what action was taken?Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police
Dept.
Locks… and what else?
Photo ID cards - Staff
Photo ID cards - Students
Photo ID cards - Visitors
Proximity Card Access
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Intrusion Alarms - Overview
Conduct basic check of the system.
Can it be armed / disarmed as designed?
Does it dial into someone?
When was the code last changed?
Are detectors located in appropriate locations?
Are all detectors operational?
Do all keypads work?
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Cameras
Best way to increase your “eyes.”
Most cost effective way if they are wired into a new building construction.
Should be integrated with alarms.
Provides proof of illegal or unauthorized activity – (eases prosecution – quiets vocal parents).
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Cameras have been documented as being effective in…
Deterring criminal activity.
Documenting criminal activity.
Reducing property loss, thus reducing insurance premiums and related costs.
Reducing personal injury incidents.
Providing court-approved evidence.
Diffusing parental disputes of child’s activity.
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Camera – Considerations
What do you want to accomplish?
Remember, there were perimeter cameras in Thurston High, and they showed Kip Kingel coming in, but he was not personally identifiable, nor could it be seen that he was carrying a large package. What good were they?
A sub-par system that is not properly maintained is more of a liability than an
asset.
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Camera – Considerations - cont.
Columbine had cameras but…
The custodian forgot to change the tapes that morning. He
changed it during the time (20 min.) that Harris and Klebold set
the propane bombs in the cafeteria.
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
The Use of Color
Do colors affect people? Yes
If that is true, then can colors be used to influence the “effective
use” of an environment?
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
…symbolizes heat, fire, blood, passion, love, warmth, power, excitement and aggression.
…can elevate blood pressure and respiratory rate. …emotionally intense and extremely dominating. …makes people anxious.
…can cause people to lose track of time (Viva Las Vegas).
…can be an appetite stimulant.
Red
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
…excessive use can cause eye irritation and can speed metabolism.
…in moderate amounts can…
…produce sensations of brightness and warmth.…represent playfulness, light, creativity, easygoing attitude.
…make attention getter, but like sunlight, you want it to be there, but you don’t want it in your eyes.…most visible of all colors. It is an attention getter.
Yellow
..is a universal symbol of nature and money.…symbolizes life, youth, renewal, hope.…is the easiest color on the eyes.
…calming effect on nervous system.
(the Green Room for TV guests)
Dark Green -- cool, masculine, conservative, and implies wealth. Emerald Green -- immortality.
Olive Green -- the color of peace.
Green
Colors can be deceiving.
Colors can take on different hues depending on location or proximity to other colors.
However…
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Is the color in the center the same or different?
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
The same color will appear different under various types of lighting.
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
In the cafeteria, you want them sitting down eating, so…
…create serenity.
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Don’t create motion, especially swift motion like...
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Be aware of the intent and the picture being used. Some
differences are very subtle.
Passive AggressiveSgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police
Dept.
B O Y ’ S G Y M
Move them with simple arrows…
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Student Parking
Curb Line
Cu
rb
Lin
e
Fencing or low landscaping
Optional Gate
Traffic lanes & curbs
(Un)safe Activities and/or (Un)safe Places
Main Street
School Building
Student Parking
Faculty,/Visitor Parking
After-hour parking for away athletic events. A lot of car burglaries or criminal mischief.
Driver’s Education
Training after school.
Driveway
(Un)safe Activities and/or (Un)safe Places
School Building
Student Parking
Faculty,/Visitor Parking
Move Driver’s Ed to back. Coming and going will
help watch activity.
Place after-hour parking in front
Driveway
Main Street
Principal’s Office
Your Desk
You are here
Your only exit is here
The suddenly hostile 6’5”, 285 lb. parent is here
Or maybe here
How do you get away?
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Principal’s Office
Your Desk
Place Yourself Here
Your only exit is here
Place the 6’5”, 285 lb. parent
here. If he gets hostile, you have
an escape.
Or Here
Now, you can get away?
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Poor Design
Isolated Entry
Difficulty Hearing
Good Design
Good Entry / Access
Good Hearing
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Girls RR
Girls RR
Boys RR
Boys
RR
Main Offices
Commons
AP Office
s
LIBRARY
Store Room
Book Room
Classroom Wing
Classroom Wing
Classrooms Classrooms
StairwellStairwell
Stairwell
Girls RR
Girls RR
Boys RR
Boys
RR
Main Offices
CommonsAP
Offices
LIBRARY
Store Room
Book Room
Classroom Wing
Classroom Wing
Classrooms Classrooms
StairwellStairwell
Stairwell
AP Office
s
Reception Desk
Enter Enter
Library
BB
GB
File Cabinets
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Reception Desk
EnterEXIT ONLY
Library
BB
GB
File Cabinets
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Main Hallway
Receptionist
Bench Bench
Main Entry Doors
Receptionist
Main Hallway
Main Entry DoorsSgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police
Dept.
Weather and other Shelter-in-Place
Red and Green Dots
Low cost
Easy to install
Easy to train
Easy to follow
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Terrorism
Labs and chemicalsHAZMET potential – custodial and classesUtility cut-off locations and methodsCurrent floor plans on file with emergency responders
Parking locations
Routes to school – buses, walkers, bikes, cars
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Terrorism
Outside deliveries - protocol
Lockdown procedures and drills
Evacuation (bldg. & site) procedures and drills
Practice makes perfect
Practice makes permanent
Adequate, controlled, planned and practiced response to active suspects
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Terrorism
Building Identification
Roof (building) and Door Identification
Unique building identifiers
Individual door numbering & orientation
Ex: (Bldg.) A
Ex: A (building) - N (north) – D – (door) A-N-1, A-N-2, A-W-1, etc.
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Terrorism
Active Shooters
Plan for rapid response with less than idea, adequate preparation, or
redundancy.
Train, train, train
First responding officers MUST go to the threat
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
National Incident Management System (NIMS)
National standardized method of preventing, preparing for, responding to, or
recovering from an incident.
Applies to ALL Federal, State, territorial, tribal, private sector and nongovernmental personnel with responsibility in emergency
management operations.
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
National Incident Management System (NIMS)
Required Courses – All available on-line
ICS-100 – An Introduction to ICS – Incident Command System
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
ICS-200 – Basic ICS for Initial Action Incident
ICS-700 – An Introduction to NIMS
ICS-800 – An Introduction to the National Response Plan (NRP)
National Incident Management System (NIMS)
To be fully compliant, must also have…
http://training.fema.gov/IS/NIMS.asp
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
ICS – 300 – Introduces Unified Command with exercises
ICS – 400 – Advanced Unified Command with exercises
Sgt. Steve Garst, L.C.C. – Certified Crime Prevention Specialist Little Elm Police Department
Sergeant Steve Garst
Contact Information
Little Elm Police Department100 W. Eldorado Parkway
(469) 853-3846 - Mobile
Little Elm, Texas 75068
(972) 377-1885 - Office
[email protected] – E-mail
Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.