presenting: the cell wall presented by: devaughn patterson and jason palonis
TRANSCRIPT
Functions of the Cell Wall
• Found outside cell membrane
• it lends the cell stability, • it determines its shape, • influences its development, • acts as a filtering
mechanism, • protects the cell against
pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, etc.)
• counterbalances the osmotic pressure.
Cell Walls are found in Plants, Fungi, Algae, some Archaea
and Bacteria.
* Protozoa and Animals do NOT have cell walls.
Plants actually have 2 Cell Walls
•In plants, the strongest component of the complex cell wall is a carbohydrate called cellulose, which is a polymer of glucose. •Primary Cell Wall- generally a thin, flexible and extensible layer formed while the cell is growing.
•Secondary Cell Wall- a thick layer formed inside the primary cell wall after the cell is fully grown. • Strengthens and waterpoofs the wall.• *It is NOT found in all cell types.
•Middle Lamella- a layer rich in pectins, glues 2 adjacent cell walls together.
-Fungi have Cell Walls
•Eukaryotic
•Fungi possess cell walls made of the glucosamine polymer chitin. (a derivative of glucose).
•True fungi do not have cellulose in their cell walls
-Algae have Cell Walls
• Eukaryotic• Algae typically possess walls
made of glycoproteins and polysaccharides.
-some Archaen have Cell Walls
•Prokaryotic
•Archaean cell walls have various compositions.
•May be formed of glycoprotein or polysaccharides.
•Unlike Bacteria, all Archaen cell walls lack peptidoglycan.
-Bacteria have Cell Walls
•Prokaryotic
•In bacteria, peptidoglycan forms the cell wall.
•Peptidoglycan- is a carbohydrate matrix (polysaccharides + protein)
The Stealth Pathogen
A Very Sneaky Bacteria
DEFICIENT
Cell Wall Deficient Forms“The Stealth Pathogen”
• The term stealth pathogens refers to bacteria that have cell walls that are deficient in shape, structure, rigidity, and/or layering.
• Almost unrecognizable, and omnipresent
• They are capable of considerable shape-changing
*Shape change enables these bacteria to easily move DNA between cells. This allows groups of bacteria to fuse together, = disease-causing combinations.
Examples: -MS -Rheumatoid arthritis, along with other forms of arthritis -Meningitis -Urinary tract infections -Heart valve infection -Eye inflammations -and a host of other maladies
*Cell Walls are found in Plants, Fungi, Algae, some Archaea and
Bacteria.
*Cell Walls are made of various carbohydrates and proteins.
TO RECAP:
& To Get Us Back On Track-