president richard nixon says farewell to members of his cabinet and staff in the white house east...
TRANSCRIPT
President Richard Nixon says farewell to members of his cabinet and staff in the White House East Room following his resignation (August 9, 1974).
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President Nixon governs a divided nation, the Watergate scandal causes a political crisis, and Presidents Ford and Carter attempt to solve the nation’s problems.
Years of Doubt,1969–1981
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SECTION 1
SECTION 2
SECTION 3
Nixon Confronts Problems
Watergate Brings Down Nixon
Issues of the Seventies
Years of Doubt,1969–1981
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President Richard M. Nixon faces the challenge of governing a deeply divided America.
Section 1
Nixon Confronts Problems
A Divided America
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• President Richard M. Nixon wants to focus on foreign policy
1SECTION
• Faces U.S. torn apart by inflation, racial issues, Vietnam
Nixon Confronts Problems
• Wants to cut running of U.S. government, states do more activities
• Vetoes Democratic bills, cuts education funds, low-income housing
• Revenue sharing—U.S. returns tax money to state, local governments
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1SECTION
• President Nixon promises to end social unrest, restore law, order
• Directs CIA, FBI to investigate his political enemies
• Wants U.S. government crackdown to reduce crime, protests
• Appoints 4 conservative justices to Supreme Court, wants them to:- have strict interpretation of law to reduce
crime
Law-and-Order Politics
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1SECTION
• Under President Johnson, government spends a lot, does not raise taxes
• Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)—Arab-run group
• Nixon cuts spending, stops wage, price increases, inflation drops briefly
• Causes recession, inflation, unemployment increases
• OPEC raises prices, cuts oil to U.S. to protest U.S. support of Israel
A Troubled Economy
• U.S. gas prices quadruple, inflation, unemployment soar
Map
Nixon Eases the Cold War
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1SECTION
• Nixon’s main foreign-policy goal is world stability
• Visit opens diplomacy, trade with Chinese
• Nixon’s advisor Henry Kissinger arranges Nixon visit to China (1972)
• Soviets invite Nixon to Moscow, Soviet/American relations improve
• U.S., Soviets sign Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT): - limits each country’s nuclear weapons
• Détente— French word, easing of tension between rivals
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Nixon’s involvement in the Watergate scandal causes a political crisis that forces him to resign.
Section 2
Watergate Brings Down Nixon
The 1972 Presidential Election
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2SECTION
• Diplomatic successes give Nixon Republican nomination for reelection
• Nixon easily defeats McGovern for president
• Nixon’s Democratic opponent is liberal senator George McGovern
Watergate Brings Down Nixon
The Watergate Scandal
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2SECTION
• People working for Nixon engage in illegal activities
• Nixon, aids break law to cover up Watergate, want to avoid scandal
• 5 men caught breaking into Democratic headquarters, Watergate office: - linked to Nixon’s Committee to Reelect
the President
• Senate begins investigating Watergate (February 1973)
• Nixon, aids cover up of Watergate, other crimes—Watergate scandal
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Nixon Resigns
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2SECTION
• Senate Watergate investigation closes in on president’s advisors:- H.R. Haldeman- John Ehrlichman- John Mitchell- John Dean
• President Nixon pays illegal “hush money” to keep burglars quiet
• Dean claims Nixon involved in cover-up, Nixon denies
Continued . . .
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2SECTION
• White House aid claims Nixon taped incriminating conversations
• Vice-president Agnew accepts bribes, Gerald Ford named vice-president
continued Nixon Resigns
• Watergate committee approves impeachment charges of Nixon
• Nixon releases tapes, hard evidence, Nixon resigns (Aug. 9, 1974)
• Vice-president Gerald Ford sworn in as president
• Watergate causes many Americans to lose faith in government, leaders
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Section 3
Issues of the SeventiesPresidents Ford and Carter have a difficult time solving the nation’s problems after Watergate.
Ford Takes Over
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• President Ford wants to restore confidence in the presidency
3SECTION
• Pardons Nixon, popularity drops, economic plan fails
• Negotiates Helsinki Accords with European nations, Canada which: - spells out basic human rights for citizens
of signer nations
Issues of the Seventies
• Ford loses presidential election to Democrat Jimmy Carter (1976)
• Carter promises honesty in government, support for human rights
Chart
Carter as President
3SECTION
• President Carter shows he is one of the people, political outsider
• Carter sets up treaties that give Panama Canal to Panama in 2000
• National energy plan gets little support, fails to help economy
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• Negotiates Camp David Accords (1978):- Egypt, Israel sign 1st peace treaty between
Israel, Arab nation- ends 30 years of conflict
The Environmental Movement Begins
3SECTION
• Environmentalism—work to protect environment, gets much notice, 1960s
• Nixon, Ford, Carter all propose environmental laws, help environment
• In 1969, a huge oil spill increases cry for tougher environmental laws
• Biologist Rachel Carson writes about dangers of pesticides (1962)
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• Accident at Three Mile Island nuclear power plant, disaster averted
Reagan and the Conservatives Win
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3SECTION
• Muslims overthrow Shah of Iran, Shah comes to U.S. for medical reasons
• Poor economy, hostage crisis make Carter unpopular
• Carter’s negotiations with Iran’s leader for release of hostages fails
• Angry about Shah, Iranians take 52 U.S. hostages—Iran hostage crisis
• Republican Ronald Reagan wins presidential election (1980)
• Carter wins release of hostages who leave Iran day Reagan inaugurated
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