PRESIDENT WILSON PRESIDENT WILSON FIGHTS FOR PEACEFIGHTS FOR PEACE

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles Allies have a desire to Allies have a desire to “get back at Germany” “get back at Germany” = =

reparationsreparations Flaws in the treaty sowed the seeds of postwar Flaws in the treaty sowed the seeds of postwar

international problems that eventually lead to WWIIinternational problems that eventually lead to WWII Treaty humiliated GermanyTreaty humiliated Germany War-Guilt Clause-forced Germany to admit sole War-Guilt Clause-forced Germany to admit sole

responsibility for starting WWIresponsibility for starting WWI No way Germany could pay the bill- $33 Billion No way Germany could pay the bill- $33 Billion

Dollars!!!!!Dollars!!!!! Russia was excluded from the peace conference Russia was excluded from the peace conference

and lost more territory than Germany (Russia had and lost more territory than Germany (Russia had the most causalities in war and fought for 3 years) the most causalities in war and fought for 3 years)

Some believed treaty was too harshSome believed treaty was too harsh

When did Germany When did Germany make the last payment make the last payment

for it’s WWI reparations? for it’s WWI reparations?

October 10October 10thth …. ….

……20102010The German’s made the The German’s made the final payment of 60 final payment of 60 million dollars on million dollars on October 10October 10thth, 2010. , 2010.

President Wilson’s 14 PointsPresident Wilson’s 14 Points

President Woodrow Wilson of the USAPresident Woodrow Wilson of the USA14 Points = document giving 14 points to 14 Points = document giving 14 points to

ensure peace after WWI’s endensure peace after WWI’s endSelf-determination- what is this? Self-determination- what is this? League of NationsLeague of Nations

Wilson Presents His PlanWilson Presents His PlanFourteen Points-Plan for World PeaceFourteen Points-Plan for World PeaceFourteen Points speech given before Fourteen Points speech given before

Congress, points divided into three Congress, points divided into three groupsgroups

First 5 points Wilson believed had to be First 5 points Wilson believed had to be addressed to prevent another waraddressed to prevent another war

14 POINTS14 POINTS1.1. There should be There should be no secret treaties among no secret treaties among

nations.nations.2.2. Freedom of the seas Freedom of the seas should be maintained should be maintained

for all.for all.3.3. Tariffs and other economic barriers among Tariffs and other economic barriers among

nations should be nations should be lowered or abolished lowered or abolished (tariffs) (tariffs) in order to foster free trade.in order to foster free trade.

4.4. Arms should be reduced Arms should be reduced “to the lowest point “to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety, thus consistent with domestic safety, thus lessening the possibility of military lessening the possibility of military responses during diplomatic crisesresponses during diplomatic crises

5.5. Colonial policies should Colonial policies should consider the consider the interests of the colonial peoples interests of the colonial peoples as well as as well as the interests of the imperialistic powersthe interests of the imperialistic powers

BUCKETS?

Continued…Continued…6-13 dealt with boundary changes6-13 dealt with boundary changes1414thth point called for a creation of point called for a creation of

and international organization and international organization to to address the diplomatic crises like address the diplomatic crises like those that had sparked the warthose that had sparked the war

League of Nations- provide a forum League of Nations- provide a forum for nations to discuss and settle for nations to discuss and settle their grievances without wartheir grievances without war

The League of NationsThe League of Nations

Encourage co-operation Stop aggression

DisarmamentImprove

social conditions

AIMS

Powers of the LeaguePowers of the League

If a country ignored the ruling of the If a country ignored the ruling of the League it could:League it could:Put pressure onPut pressure onRefuse to trade - sanctionsRefuse to trade - sanctionsSend in troops (but no fighting) Send in troops (but no fighting) - -

member countries join togethermember countries join together

Strengths of the LeagueStrengths of the League

Many countries supported it in early Many countries supported it in early days - they wanted peacedays - they wanted peace

Had some early successesHad some early successesSettled some land disputes in 1920’sSettled some land disputes in 1920’sHelped refugees, deal with spread of Helped refugees, deal with spread of

disease & fought for better conditions for disease & fought for better conditions for peoplepeople

A few felt that the League of Nations A few felt that the League of Nations threatened US isolationism and the threatened US isolationism and the constitutional right of Congress to declare constitutional right of Congress to declare warwar

Wilson set out in the US and spoke about Wilson set out in the US and spoke about the League of Nationsthe League of Nations

Became ill on October 2, Became ill on October 2, 1919 and suffered a stroke1919 and suffered a stroke US Senate rejected the US Senate rejected the League of Nations and League of Nations and signed a separate treatysigned a separate treaty w/ Germany in 1921w/ Germany in 1921

MembershipMembership

42 members - by 1930’s 5942 members - by 1930’s 59Defeated countries could not join Defeated countries could not join (e.g. (e.g.

Germany)Germany)Russia excluded because communistRussia excluded because communistUSA did not join - isolation from world USA did not join - isolation from world

affairsaffairsA club for the victorious?A club for the victorious?

Weaknesses of LeagueWeaknesses of League

USA didn’t join USA didn’t join No real power - relied on goodwill and No real power - relied on goodwill and

persuasionpersuasionNo permanent armyNo permanent armyDisarmament not realisticDisarmament not realisticStructure a disaster - everyone had to Structure a disaster - everyone had to

agree before any action taken!!!agree before any action taken!!!

THE LEGACY OF THE WARTHE LEGACY OF THE WARMany Americans looked forward to return to Many Americans looked forward to return to

“normalcy”“normalcy”World War I had many changes in the U.S.World War I had many changes in the U.S.

Strengthened militaryStrengthened militarySocial change for African Americans and Social change for African Americans and

WomenWomenCalled WWI “the war to end all wars”Called WWI “the war to end all wars”Treaty of Versailles settled nothingTreaty of Versailles settled nothingAdolf Hitler emerged as an angry WWI vet Adolf Hitler emerged as an angry WWI vet

and rose to power in Germanyand rose to power in Germany

First Female President?First Female President?

Exit Slip Exit Slip

Analyze the consequences and Analyze the consequences and international reaction to the international reaction to the Treaty of Versailles. Treaty of Versailles.

(What & why were these the (What & why were these the consequences and reaction)consequences and reaction)

VocabularyVocabulary Fourteen PointsFourteen PointsLeague of NationsLeague of NationsGeorges ClemenceauGeorges ClemenceauDavid Lloyd GeorgeDavid Lloyd GeorgeTreaty of VersaillesTreaty of VersaillesReparationsReparationsWar-Guilt ClauseWar-Guilt ClauseHenry Cabot LodgeHenry Cabot LodgeBig FourBig Four

WILSON FIGHTS FOR PEACEWILSON FIGHTS FOR PEACEChapter 11 Section 4Chapter 11 Section 4

MAIN IDEA:MAIN IDEA:

European leaders opposed most of European leaders opposed most of Wilson’s peace plan, and the U.S. Senate Wilson’s peace plan, and the U.S. Senate

failed to ratify the peace treaty.failed to ratify the peace treaty.

OBJECTIVES:OBJECTIVES:1.1. Summarize Wilson’s Fourteen PointsSummarize Wilson’s Fourteen Points

2.2. Describe the Treaty of Versailles and Describe the Treaty of Versailles and international and domestic reaction to it.international and domestic reaction to it.

3.3. Explain some of the consequences of the war.Explain some of the consequences of the war.

The Allies Reject Wilson’s PlanThe Allies Reject Wilson’s PlanGeorges Clemenceau-French premier Georges Clemenceau-French premier

angry about German invasionsangry about German invasionsDavid Lloyd George-British Prime David Lloyd George-British Prime

Minister, “Make Germany Pay”Minister, “Make Germany Pay”Peace Conference did not include Central Peace Conference did not include Central

Powers or RussiaPowers or RussiaTreaty of Versailles-created new nations, Treaty of Versailles-created new nations,

shifted boundaries, and barred Germany shifted boundaries, and barred Germany from maintaining an Armyfrom maintaining an Army

Germany made to pay Germany made to pay reparationsreparations-pay -pay war damages amounting to 33 billion war damages amounting to 33 billion