Presidential Election of 1812

• Born in Virginia, 1751•Enlisted in Continental Army

but too small•Attended Princeton University

and became a lawyer.•Father of the Constitution and

Bill of Rights.•Secretary of State during

Jefferson’s Presidency•President, 1809 to 1817

•Had to deal with Jefferson’s policies after he left office

• Born in Virginia, 1751•Enlisted in Continental Army

but too small•Attended Princeton University

and became a lawyer.•Father of the Constitution and

Bill of Rights.•Secretary of State during

Jefferson’s Presidency•President, 1809 to 1817

•Had to deal with Jefferson’s policies after he left office

madwar

President James Madison

President James Madison

TecumsehTecumseh

Tecumseh (Shawnee warrior) & the Prophet (his brother) formed a union of tribes east of Mississippi to fight white intrusion Supplied by the British led Indian cultural renewal

1809: General William H. Harrison appointed as governor of Indiana Territory by President Jefferson.

President Jefferson at the time instructed Harrison to convince Tecumseh to stop attacking American settlements.

This continued under Madison’s presidency

“Sell a country! Why not sell the air, the

clouds and the great sea, as well as the

earth?

Did not the Great Spirit make them for

the use of his children?”

TecumsehTecumseh

“Sell a country! Why not sell the air, the

clouds and the great sea, as well as the

earth?

Did not the Great Spirit make them for

the use of his children?”

TecumsehTecumseh

Tecumseh vs Harrison

TecumsehTecumseh

“We gave them forest-clad mountains and valleys full of game and in return what did they give our warriors

and our women? Rum, trinkets (jewelry) and death”

“We gave them forest-clad mountains and valleys full of game and in return what did they give our warriors

and our women? Rum, trinkets (jewelry) and death”

Tecumseh reflected bitterly on the white

man’s treatment of his people.

England continued to close ports under French control to foreign shipping

(including the US)

England continued to seize US ships &

impressed Americans.

impressment

France and Great Britain are at France and Great Britain are at warwar

Non-Intercourse ActNon-Intercourse Act1809 - Replaced the Embargo of 1807. Unlike the 1809 - Replaced the Embargo of 1807. Unlike the Embargo, which forbade American trade with all Embargo, which forbade American trade with all

foreign nations, this act only forbade trade with France foreign nations, this act only forbade trade with France and Britain. It did not succeed in changing British or and Britain. It did not succeed in changing British or

French policy towards neutral ships, so it was replaced French policy towards neutral ships, so it was replaced by Macon’s Bill No. 2.by Macon’s Bill No. 2.

Macon’s Bill No. 2Macon’s Bill No. 21810 - Forbade trade with Britain and France, but 1810 - Forbade trade with Britain and France, but

offered to resume trade with whichever nation lifted its offered to resume trade with whichever nation lifted its neutral trading restrictions first. France quickly neutral trading restrictions first. France quickly

changed its policies against neutral vessels, so the U.S. changed its policies against neutral vessels, so the U.S. resumed trade with France, but not Britain.resumed trade with France, but not Britain.

War Hawks

New members of Congress, John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay want war why Great Britain….Why?

•U.S. must defend its neutrality•Stop impressment (destroying US

Economy)•British forts still on US soil

•Tecumseh (arming of Native Americans)

•Desire for Canada •Considered British as disrespectful

War Hawks

New members of Congress, John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay want war why Great Britain….Why?

•U.S. must defend its neutrality•Stop impressment (destroying US

Economy)•British forts still on US soil

•Tecumseh (arming of Native Americans)

•Desire for Canada •Considered British as disrespectful

madwar

Henry ClayKentucky

Henry ClayKentucky

John C. CalhounSouth Carolina

John C. CalhounSouth Carolina

• New England states (many were Federalists)

did not want the war

• The War Hawks successfully convinced

Congress to fight British

• Congress was not aware that London repealed

impressment policy two days prior to declaration

of war

United States vs. Britain

Map war1812

•US unprepared for war but fought

valiantly•Failed invasion into

Canada.•British blockade

hurt US economy…

Washington, D.C. burned by British, 25th of August 1814 Washington, D.C. burned by British, 25th of August 1814

highlights

Dolly Madison escaped from White House and

took many pieces of art, furniture from the White House before the

British destroyed it.

Dolly Madison escaped from White House and

took many pieces of art, furniture from the White House before the

British destroyed it.

The Battle of Thames River, Oct. 5, 1813

The Battle of Thames River, Oct. 5, 1813

US military victory led by General William H. Harrison Tecumseh was killed during this battle

The Battle of Lake Erie was probably the most important naval battle of the war

US Naval tradition develops during the War of 1812

U.S. Flag which flew over Fort McHenry to inspire Francis Scott Key to write the Star

Spangled Banner. September 13th, 1814

U.S. Flag which flew over Fort McHenry to inspire Francis Scott Key to write the Star

Spangled Banner. September 13th, 1814

highlights

Battle of Fort Battle of Fort McHenry,McHenry,

18141814

Battle of Fort Battle of Fort McHenry,McHenry,

18141814

Oh Say Can You SeeOh Say Can You SeeBy the Dawn’s Early Light…By the Dawn’s Early Light… -- -- Francis Scott KeyFrancis Scott Key

Oh Say Can You SeeOh Say Can You SeeBy the Dawn’s Early Light…By the Dawn’s Early Light… -- -- Francis Scott KeyFrancis Scott Key

•10,000 British troops reached the mouth of the Mississippi 10,000 British troops reached the mouth of the Mississippi River and were threatening the Louisiana Purchase.River and were threatening the Louisiana Purchase.

•4,500 U.S. troops led by Andrew Jackson, the British were 4,500 U.S. troops led by Andrew Jackson, the British were defeated on January 8, 1815defeated on January 8, 1815

•10,000 British troops reached the mouth of the Mississippi 10,000 British troops reached the mouth of the Mississippi River and were threatening the Louisiana Purchase.River and were threatening the Louisiana Purchase.

•4,500 U.S. troops led by Andrew Jackson, the British were 4,500 U.S. troops led by Andrew Jackson, the British were defeated on January 8, 1815defeated on January 8, 1815

New orleans

•Considered greatest U.S. victory to that

time•Defeated British’s best without help from any country•US gains respect after this battle.•Kept Louisiana

Purchase under the control of the U.S.

•Considered greatest U.S. victory to that

time•Defeated British’s best without help from any country•US gains respect after this battle.•Kept Louisiana

Purchase under the control of the U.S.

New orleans

The Treaty of Ghent The Treaty of Ghent War of 1812 is considered a

“stalemate”…Dec. 1814 Results:

A halt to the fighting The return of all conquered

territory to the prewar borders

Recognition of the prewar boundary between Canada and the United States

Radical New England Federalists met to discuss their grievances & find solutions to their problems:

•U.S. Govt. fighting an unnecessary war against the wrong enemy

•New Englanders continued to trade with the British during the war

•Talked of secession •When people found out what the Federalists were planning,

they became extremely unpopular

The War’s Legacy The War’s Legacy U.S. gained the respect of other nations

U.S. came to accept Canada as a neighbor and a part of the British Empire

The Federalist party came to an end as a national force Talk of nullification and secession in New England set a

precedent that would later be used by the South Gained US neutrality and became isolated from Europe

Native Americans in the West were forced to surrender large areas of land and move west.

More U.S. factories were built War heroes such as Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison

would eventually become Presidents. Growth of American nationalism

Respect from the Europeans

The War of 1812 won new respect for America among many British. Michael Scott, a young lieutenant in the British navy wrote,

“I don’t like Americans; I never did, and never shall like them…..I have no wish to eat

with them, drink with them, deal with, or consort with them in any way; but let me tell

the whole truth, nor fight with them, were it not for the laurels to be acquired, by overcoming an enemy so brave, determined and alert, and in every way so worthy on one’s steel, as they

have always proved”.