prestin bioinformatics. prestin location dallos ‘02
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Prestin Prestin BioinformaticsBioinformatics
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Prestin LocationPrestin Location
Dallos ‘02
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Slc26 Family MemberSlc26 Family Member
Mount ‘04
Okoruwa ‘08
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Current Functional Hypothesis:Current Functional Hypothesis:
Incomplete TransporterIncomplete Transporter
Dallos ‘02
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Primary Structure Clues:Primary Structure Clues:
Slc26 DomainsSlc26 Domains
o STAS (sulfate transporter and anti-sigma factor antagonist)
o ASA (anti-sigma factor atagonists – SpoIIAA 1AUZ)
~σASA-P
ASA
σ
o Unknown role in Slc26
o Mutations result in disease (Slc26a4)
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Primary Structure Clues:Primary Structure Clues:
Sulfate Transport Motif Sulfate Transport Motif (108-130)(108-130)
((PROSITE PS01130)
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Primary Structure Clues:Primary Structure Clues:
Other MotifsOther Motifs
MotifMotif ResiduResiduee
VerifiedVerified
N-Linked Glycosylation N-Linked Glycosylation (N-X-S/T/C)(N-X-S/T/C)
N163, N163, N166N166
Zheng ’01 +Zheng ’01 +
cAMP/cGMP phosophorolation cAMP/cGMP phosophorolation sitesite
S238, S238, T560T560
Deak ‘05Deak ‘05
Tyrosine Containing (YXXΦ)Tyrosine Containing (YXXΦ) Y520, Y520, Y526Y526
Zheng ‘05Zheng ‘05
Negative ClusterNegative Cluster 557-580557-580 NANA
Positive ClusterPositive Cluster 595-614595-614 NANA
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Conservation of DomainsConservation of Domains
Okoruwa ‘08
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Secondary/Tertiary Structure Clues:Secondary/Tertiary Structure Clues:
Epitopes and SCAMEpitopes and SCAM
TestTest ResidueResidue ResultResultss
VerifiedVerified
Xpress EpitopeXpress Epitope C TerminalC Terminal ICIC Zheng ’01Zheng ’01
V5 EpitopeV5 Epitope N TerminalN Terminal ICIC Zheng ’01Zheng ’01
AntibodyAntibody 1-201-20 ICIC Zheng ’01Zheng ’01
SCAMSCAM C124C124 ECEC UnpubUnpub
HA TagHA Tag N168N168 ICIC Navaratnam Navaratnam ‘05‘05
SCAMSCAM A170A170 ECEC UnpubUnpub
AntibodyAntibody 274-290274-290 ECEC Navaratnam Navaratnam ‘05‘05
AntibodyAntibody 359-379359-379 ECEC Navaratnam Navaratnam ‘05‘05
SCAMSCAM G366G366 ECEC UnpubUnpub
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Secondary/Tertiary Structure Clues:Secondary/Tertiary Structure Clues:
Proposed Topology Proposed Topology
## ResidueResidue StructureStructure ## ResidueResidue StructureStructure
11 C-TermC-Term Xpress Epitope InaccessibleXpress Epitope Inaccessible 99 274-290274-290 Antibody AccessibleAntibody Accessible
22 1-201-20 Antibody InaccessibleAntibody Inaccessible 1010 359-376359-376 Antibody AccessibleAntibody Accessible
33 109-130109-130 Sulfate Transporter MotifSulfate Transporter Motif 1111 G366G366 SCAM AccessibleSCAM Accessible
44 C124C124 SCAM AccessibleSCAM Accessible 1212 Y520, Y520, Y526Y526
Tyrosine Containing MotifTyrosine Containing Motif
55 N163, N163, N166N166
N-Linked GlycosylationN-Linked Glycosylation 1313 557-580557-580 Negative ClusterNegative Cluster
66 A170A170 SCAM AccessibleSCAM Accessible 1414 595-614595-614 Positive ClusterPositive Cluster
77 193-503193-503 Sulfate Transporter DomainSulfate Transporter Domain 1515 635-709635-709 STAS DomainSTAS Domain
88 S238, S238, T560T560
cAMP/cGMP phosophorylation sitecAMP/cGMP phosophorylation site 1616 N-TermN-Term V5 Epitope InaccessibleV5 Epitope Inaccessible
Note: N168 HA Tag Excluded
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General Structural General Structural HypothesesHypotheses
Mio ‘07
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Point MutationsPoint Mutations Functional AffectFunctional Affect
Type Amino Acids MT OligoNLC Peak
(ΔmV)NLC
(Norm) Author(s) Notes
N-Terminal Deletion 1-20 NM Disrupted 30 0.250 Navaratnam '05
Point Mutation A100W NM NM FL FL Rajagopalan '06
Point Mutation A102W NM NM FL FL Rajagopalan '06
Point Mutation A104W NM NM FL FL Rajagopalan '06
Multiple Mutations C1 (K233Q, K235Q, R236Q) NM NM -100 NA Oliver '01
Multiple Mutations C4 (R571Q, R572Q, K577Q) NM NM 25 NA Oliver '01
C-Terminal Deletion 713-744 NM NM 0 0.125 Navaratnam '05
Chimera gPres/PAT1551-744 II NM NM NM Zheng '05
Chimera gPres/PDS644-744 II NM NM NM Zheng '05
Over 63 mutant, chimeric and insert prestin clones have been created and tested.
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Known TechniquesKnown Techniques
Blast (NCBI)Blast (NCBI) Alignment (STRAP/CLC)Alignment (STRAP/CLC) Conserved Domains (NCBI)Conserved Domains (NCBI) Phylogeny (NCBI/CLC)Phylogeny (NCBI/CLC) Hydrophobicity (STRAP)Hydrophobicity (STRAP)
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Where Bioinformatics Where Bioinformatics May HelpMay Help
Structural MotifsStructural Motifs DomainsDomains TopologyTopology Secondary/Tertiary StructureSecondary/Tertiary Structure
Transporter Transporter Motor Protein Transition Motor Protein Transition + All conserved residues in mammalian Slc26a5+ All conserved residues in mammalian Slc26a5 - All conserved residues in non-mammalian Slc26a5- All conserved residues in non-mammalian Slc26a5
Oligomerization MotifOligomerization Motif Homoligomerization (tetramer?)Homoligomerization (tetramer?) HeteroligomerizationHeteroligomerization Interactome (pillar protein, phos/dephos)Interactome (pillar protein, phos/dephos)
Modification MotifModification Motif Post-translation ModificationsPost-translation Modifications Phosphorylation SitesPhosphorylation Sites
Plasma Membrane TargetingPlasma Membrane Targeting
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Identification of Possible Identification of Possible Oligomerization SiteOligomerization Site