Pretest

1. Fill in the conjugation chart with all the subject pronouns

2. Translate this sentence into Spanish:Maria is an artistic girl.3. Write the correct articles for the following nouns:

libro banderacartel cancion4. Conjugate Hablar for the given subjects:

Maria y yo Juan y ellaAngela

Semester Exam Review

Vocabulary pages: 22,23,46,70,96, 120Plus: Body, Calendar, Numbers, Time

Grammar:·Telling Time

·Gender of Nouns·Adjective and Article Agreement·Infinitives·Me gusta...·Negatives

·Subject Pronouns·-Ar Verb Conjugation·Estar·Plurals of nouns/articles

Infinitives

·Infinitives are the most basic form of the verb.

·They can be identified in Spanish because they have their original -ar,-er,-ir ending. In English the verb has "to" in front.

Examples:

-ar -er-ir

cantar correrescribir

(to sing) (to run)(to write)

Me gusta...

We use the phrase "Me gusta..." to talk about what we like and don't like to do.

Like Dislike

Me gusta...

Me gusta mucho...

No me gusta...

No me gusta nada...

We add an infinitive to the end of each phrase to say what it is we like or do not like to do.

Me gusta cantar. No me gusta dibujar.Me gusta mucho bailar. No me gusta nada correr.

Negatives

There are 3 main negative words we are looking at: no, nada, ni.

·We use no in front of a phrase to change it to not, we also use no in front of a verb in a sentence.ex:Me gusta bailar. No me gusta bailar.Ella es atrevida. Ella no es atrevida.

·When we answer a question negatively in Spanish we use no twice. The first no answers the question, the second no says not.

NO

NADABy itself nada means "nothing" in the phrase No me gusta nada, it means "at all".No me gusta nada correr.

Negatives

When you are describing two or more things you do not like you say "ni" in front of each item. Ni..ni.. means neither ...nor...

No me gusta ni esquiar ni patinar.I do not like neither to ski nor to skate.

NI

Let's PracticeHow would you say...?

1. I like to listen to music.2. I do not like to work.3. I really like to talk on the phone.4. I do not like to swim at all.5. I do not like neither to play the guitar nor to write stories.

Gender of NounsAll nouns in Spanish have gender. It is easy to figure out the gender of a noun.One way we can tell the gender of a noun it to look at the ending.

If a noun ends with... Then it is most likely...

L,O,S,E,RMASCULINE

A,ION,ADFEMININE

Gender of nouns

Masculine nouns have corresponding masculine articles, and feminine nouns have corresponding feminine articles.

Masc.Fem

definite articles el (the)la

indefinite articles un (a,an)una

Choose the correct masc. or fem. definite article for each of the following.

banderalibertad

sacapuntascartelpupitre

librocancion

escritor

Gender of Adjectives

Adjectives are words that describe nouns.

Adjectives in Spanish have different masc. and fem. forms and have to match the gender of the noun they are describing.

-O,-A Adjectives

You will notice from your vocabulary that there are several adjectives that end in o. These all have ",-a" after them.

This means that you can change the ending to match the gender of the noun it is describing.

Examples:estudioso, estudiosaatrevido, atrevida

or,ora adjectivesThere are some

adjectives like trabajador where you only have to add an -a to the end to make it femenine.

Example: trabajador, trabajadora

-ista adjectives

Deportista does not

change it's ending ever. It always ends with an -a.

-e adjectives

Adjectives that end in -e do not require you to

change the ending.

Examples: inteligente, paciente,

impaciente

Gender Neutral

Noun then Adjective

In English we generally put the adjective before the noun it is describing.

In Spanish it is the opposite, we put the adjective after the noun we are describing.

Examples:La chica artistica -The artistic girlEl chico artistico -The artistic boy

La amiga buena - The good friend(fem)El amigo bueno - The good friend(masc)

Word Order of Sentences

Sentences word order in Spanish is very similar to sentence word order in English.

One of the main differences is where we put the adjectives. In English the adjective goes before the noun it is describing.

In Spanish the adjective goes after the noun it is describing.

Word Order

Subject/ verb/ indefinite/ noun/adjective

article

Maria es una chicagraciosa.Maria is a girl

funny.Try putting the following in the correct order:

1. Marcos/un/es/inteligente/estudiante

2. soy/reservada/una/chica/Yo

SUBJECT PRONOUNSWe use these in place of other nouns.In English our subject pronouns are I, you, he, she, it, we, they.In Spanish we put these pronouns in a chart to help us when learning about verbs.yo

tu

el ellaud.

nosotrosnosotras

vosotrosvosotras

ellosellasuds.

-AR Conjugation Notes

In Spanish we have to conjugate verbs.To conjugate a verb

1. Drop the ending (-ar)2. Add new ending based on the subject of the

sentence

yo Onosotros AMOS

nosotras

tu ASvosotros AIS

vosotras

el ellosella A ellas

ANud. uds.

AR Conjugation

Hablar

yo hablo nosotros hablamos

tu hablas vosotros hablais

el ellosella habla ellas hablanud. uds.

Estar

The verb ESTAR means “to be”

It is an irregular verb which means that it does not follow the conjugation rules for -ar verbs

yo nosotros/asestoy estamos(I am) (we are)

tú vosotros/asestás estáis(you are) (ya’ll are)

él, ella, ud. ellos, ellas, uds.está están(he,she,you,it is) (they, ya’ll are)

There is more than one verb in Spanish that means to be.We know to use Estar when we are referring to temporary things. You can use the following to help you.

True T= Temporary Conditions (ex. illness)Love L= LocationForever F= Feelings

T= Yo estoy enferma. I am sick.L= El lápiz está debajo de la silla. The pencil is under the chair.