“prevenciis qselis” ageba

leqcia # 21

1. mimoxilva

• prevenciis qselis koncefcia.– slaidebi 2-5

• prevenciis qselis Semadgeneli nawilebi.– slaidebi 6-13

• prevenciis qselis momavali– slaidebi 14-20

2. ratom qseli?• 2001 wlidan biologiuri dacva sul ufro

mniSvnelovani xdeba. • 2001 wlis movlenebis Serwyma (jilexiani

werilebi da 11 seqtemberi) dagvarwmuna, rom biologiuri dacva Camoyalibda bioterorizmis WrilSi da misi mizania laboratoriebSi paTogenebis Xelmisawvdobis aRkveTa.

• bioterorizmis safrTxis sarsuli magaliTebis aumi, reinSizi, aseve jilexis werilebi.

• biotetorizmi ar aris 21-e saukunis sasicocxlo mecnierebebis kvlevebiT gamowveuli erTaderTi problema

3. asimilaciis Teoria• samomavlod, sasicocxlo mecnierebebis srafi

ganviTarebis gamo, arsebobs sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT wasvlis potenciali, rasac Sedegad mosdevs biologiuri iaraRis qveynebis arsenalSi moxvedra.

• gaweva sasicocxlo mecnierebebidan: axali teqnologiebi da axali saSualebebi, romlebmac SeiZleba gazardos biologiuri iaraRis moxmareba.

• gamoweva 21-e saukunis ‘axali moebis’ mxridan, romlebic “radikalurad gansxvavdeba civi omis eris omebisagan da gadaiaraRebas uwyobs xels.

• qmnis qveynebis arsenalebSi iaraRis axali kategoriebis asimilaciis potencials.

4. mravalganzomilebiani safrTxeebi• safrTxeebis reziume:

– terorizmiT gamowveuli safrTxe;– asimilaciiT/ qveynebis bi programebiT gamowveuli

safrTxeebi;– evoluciuri sasicocxlo mecnierebebis SeuZRudavi

xelmisawvdomobiT gamowveuli potenciuri safrTxe;

• safrTxis ‘araerTi fokusi ’– potenciuri Semowmedebi, masalebi da informacia,

romlebic SeiZleba dakavSirebuli iyos ormag daniSnulebasTan, arsebobs saerTaSoriso, regionul, erovnul, adgilobriv da individualur doneebze.

5. individualuridan saerTaSorisomde

• axali realoba Zalian martivia. saWiroa qmedeba yvela doneze: individualur, sub-nacionalur, nacionalur, regionul, saerTaSoriso, sazogadoebriv, kerZo, samTavrobo da samTavrobaTaSoriso doneebze. biologiuri iaraRis problemis marTva moiTxovs zomebis nairgvarobas individualuridan saerTaSorisomde.

jez liTlvudi

6. ra aris “prevenciis qseli”

• biologiuri iaraRis problemis pasuxad gvWirdeba mravali sxvadasxva zoma unda iqnas miRebuli...savadasxva doneebze moqmedi individualuridan saerTaSorisomde.

• zogi, rogorebicaa pirsoni, dando da wiTeli jvris saerTaSoriso komiteti amas “prevenciis qsels” akuTvnebs.

7. qselis mizanijamSi, politikis integrirebuli nakrebi T qselis mizania “xeli SeuSalos Tanamedrove biologiis boroti miznebiT gamoyenebas, da Zalisxmeva da Rirebuleba amad ar Rirs … mraval sxvadasxva doneze” (dando, 2006: 129).

amrigad, rogori unda iyos politika, romliTac sxvadasxva moqmedma, agreTve calkeulma mecnierebma imoqmedeben…?

8. prevenciis qseli

9. eqsportis kontroli

• eqsportis kontroli Seqmnilia, raTa “davrwmundeT, rom eqsporti xels ar uwyobs qimiuri da biologiuri iaraRis ganviTarebas”.

• eqsporti moicavs agentebs, aRWurvilobasa da gamocdilebas.

• agreTve moicavs codnis uxilav gadacemasac, Tumca es ufro rTulia.

10. daavadebebis deteqcia da prevencia

• usafrTxoebis aratradiciuli, magram tradiciuli nawili.

• daavadebebis deteqciis, monitoringisa da reagirebis efeqturi meqanizmebi axdens biologiuri da toqsiuri iaraRis gamoyenebis minimizacias efeqtis Semcirebis gziT.

• janmrTelobis saerTaSoriso regulaciebi (2005) amas erTgvarad xels uwyobs, magram am sferoSi bevrad metia saWiro.

11. saerTaSoriso da erovnuli akrZalvebi

• saerTaSoriso akrZalvebi, rogorebicaa biologiuri da toqsiuri iaraRis konvencia (btik) da 1925 wlis Jenevis protokoli, agreTve agreTve erovnuli zomebis funqcia aris individebis Sekaveba da SezRudva biologiuri da toqsiuri iaraRis Seqmnasa da SemuSavebaSi monawiloebisagan..

• imisaTvis, rom isini efeqturebi iyvnen, saWiroa maTi farTod implementireba da gaZliereba.

12. efeqturi dazverva

• brZnulad gagebuli efeqturi dazverva aris kargi politikis dasaarseblad da aRmocenebadi problemebis kargad gagebis uzrunvelsayofad.

• dazvervis Cavardna, rogorc, magaliTad, erayis SemTxvevaSi, prevenciis qsels Zalian azianebs.

• zusti dazverva SeiZleba Zalian sasargeblo iyos bi ganviTarebis prevenciisaTvis.

13. ganaTleba da qcevis kodeqsi

• ganaTleba da kodeqsi moqmedebs, raTa aamaRlos biologiuri iaraRis konvenciis Sesaxeb informirebuloba samecniero sazogadoebaSi da xeli SeuSalos maT, visac SeuZlia wvlili Seitanos biologiuri iaraRis SeqmnaSi.

• aris mravali proeqti, romlebic fokusirebulia ganaTlebasa da kodeqsze mraval qveyanaSi.

14. biousafrTxoeba da biologiuri dacva

• biologiuri dacva “btik farglebSi ufro xSirad ixmareba paTogenuri mikroorganizmebis, toqsinebisa da Sesabamisi resursebis usafrTxoebis dacvisa da kontrolis meqanizmebis mimarT ixmareba”

• es ori zoma xels uwyobs, rom samecniero kvlevebi Catardes usafrTxod da daculad da mxolod mSvidobiani miznebiT.

15. kvlevis kontroli• zogjer Znelia iTqvas, sad gadis gamyofi

xazi akrZalul da nebadarTul kvlevebs Soris.

• ormagi daniSnulebis kvlevaze (anu iseT kvlevaze, romelic rogorc keTili, ise boroti miznebiT tardeba) zedamxedveloba

• es mniSvnelovania biologiuri iaraRis qveynebis samxedro arsenalSi asimilaciis minimizirebisaTvis.

16. mecnierebis roli qselSi.

ganviTareba da kodeqsis Seswavla da

ganaTleba

kvlevis potenciuri arasasurveli

Sedegebis ganxilva

samecniero kvlevaze sifrTxilisa da zrunvis

uzrunvelyofa

prevenciis qseli

17. 2011 wlis btik meSvide gadasasinji konferencia

• muxli XII ambobs– “konvenciis ZalaSi Sesvlidan xuTi wlis

Semdeg…monawile qveynebis konferencia …unda Catardes JenevaSi, Sveicaria, raTa gadaisinjos konvenciis moqmedeba, raTa davrwmundeT, rom konvenciis winasityvaoba da debulebebi, qimiuri iaraRis Sesaxeb molaparakebebis Sesaxeb debulebebis CaTvliT, xorcieldeba…”

• muxli ganagrZobs– “…amgvari gadasinjvis dros mxedvelobaSi

unda miviRoT konvenciisaTvis Sesabamisi axali samecniero da teqnologiuri miRwevebi.”

18. meSvide gadasasinji konferenciis dRis wesrigi (i)

• “…monawile qveynebi – da samoqalaqo sazogadoeba – verasodes daubrundeba…damtkicebas btik protokolis midgomiT, da verc igives gaagrZelebs…konvenciis marTuli evolucia da btik – iT gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebis naxtomiseburi, an nawilobrivi, implementacia da misi gafarToebuli gageba warmoiSva 1980 wlis Semdeg.”

• “safrTxe, sami wlis Semdeg da aSS axal administraciasTan erTad, romelic movida 2009 wlis ianvarSi, aris is, rom zogierTi monawile qveyana da zogi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgeneli ubrundeba btik 1990-iani wlebis dRis wesrigs. es Secdoma iqneboda.”

19. meSvide gadasasinji konferenciis dRis wesrigi (ii)

• “Cven vaskvniT, rom biologiuri da toqsiuri iaraRis konvenciis gaZliereba unda iyos mTavrobis prioriteti damtkicebis protokolis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi.”

• “Cven vaskvniT, rom biologiuri da toqsiuri iaraRis konvenciis damtkicebis protokolis dacva unda darCes mTavrobis ZiriTad mimznad. Cven rekomendacias vuwevT mTavrobas, rom daarwmunos aSS axali administracia, rom konvenciis es protokoli Zalze mniSvnelovania.”

20. btik-Tan mimarTeba

• qimiuri iaraRis konvenciis mesame gadasasinji konferencia 2013 wels;

• harvard saseqsis programa qbi saerTaSoriso kriminalizaciis Sesaxeb (2001);

• harlandisa da vudvardis btik samodelo kriminaluri aqti (2005)

sanimuSo SekiTxvebi1. rogor gesmiT “prevenciis qselis” koncefcia?

ratom aris mniSvnelovani sasicocxlo mecnierebebis SesaZlo borotad gamoyenebis minimizireba?

2. gamoyaviT “prevenciis qselis” komponentebi. detalurad imsjeleT erT-erT maTganze.

3. aris Tu ara biologiuri dacvisa da ormagi daniSnulebis sakiTxebSi ganaTleba “prevenciis qselis” aucilebeli komponenti?

4. rogor fiqrobT, gaumjobesdeba “prevenciis qseli” btik 2011 wlis gadasasinji konferenciis Semdeg?

wyaroebi(slaidi 3)

Robinson, J. P. (2008) ‘Difficulties Facing the Chemical Weapons Convention’, International Affairs, 84 (2), 223–239. Available from http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0020-5850

(slaidi 4)

Further Inf.1

National Research Council (2004) Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism. Washington: National Academies Press. Available from http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10827&page=R1

Meselson, M (2000) Averting the Hostile Exploitation of Biotechnology, The CBW Conventions Bulletin, June 48, 16-19. Available from http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Units/spru/hsp/pdfbulletin.html

[Cited at page 23 of Further Inf.1]

Further Inf.2

National Research Council (2006) Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Available from http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11567&page=R1

Further Inf.3

Pearson, G. S (1993) Prospects for Chemical and Biological Arms Control: The Web of Deterrence. Washington Quarterly, Spring 16(2), 145-162. Alternatively Pearson, G. S. (1998) The Vital Importance of the Web of Deterrence [Online] Department of Peace Studies, University of Bradford [Cited 15 June 2009]. Available from http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/sbtwc/other/webdet.htm

(slaidi 5)

Littlewood, J. (2005) The Biological Weapons Convention: A Failed Revolution. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing

(slaidi 6)

Feaks, D., Rappert, B., and McLeish, C (2007) Introduction: A Web of Prevention. In: Rappert, B., and Mcleish, C. (Eds.) A Web of Prevention: Biological Weapons, Life Science and the Governance of Research. London: Earthscan, pp. 1-13.

(slaidi 7)

Further Inf.1

Dando, M. (2006) Bioterror and BioWarfare: A Beginner’s Guide, Oxford: One World Publications.

Further Inf.2

Pearson, G. S (1993) Prospects for Chemical and Biological Arms Control: The Web of Deterrence. Washington Quarterly, Spring 16(2), 145-162. Alternatively Pearson, G. S. (1998) The Vital Importance of the Web of Deterrence [Online] Department of Peace Studies, University of Bradford [Cited 15 June 2009]. Available from http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/sbtwc/other/webdet.htm

(slaidi 10)

University of Bradford (2009) Genomics Gateway [Last updated 26 March 2009]. Available from http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/sbtwc/gateway/summaries.html

(slaidi 12)

National Research Council (2004) Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism. Washington: National Academies Press. Available from http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10827&page=R1

Petro, J. B., Plasse, T. R., and McNulty, J. A. (2003) ‘Biotechnology: Impact on Biological Warfare and Biodefense’, BioSecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science 1(3), pp. 161-168. Available from http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1089/153871303769201815

(slaidi 14)

Further Inf.1

Germany on behalf of the European Union (2006) “Biosafety and Biosecurity”, 20 October BWC/CONF.VI/WP.2, Geneva: United Nations. Available from http://www.opbw.org/

Further Inf.2

Atlas, R. (2005) ‘Ensuring Biosecuity and Biosafety through Biopolicy Mechanism: Addressing Threats of Bioterrorism and Biowarfare’, Asian Biotechnology and Development Review, 18(1) 127-137. Available from http://www.aseanbiotechnology.info/Abstract/21021800.pdf

Roffey. R., and Kuhlau, F. (2006) ‘Appendix 14A. Enhancing bio-security: the need for a global strategy’, in SIPRI yearbook. Available from http://www.sipri.org/yearbook/2006/14/14A

(slaidi 15)

National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (2008) Strategic Plan for Outreach and Education On Dual Use Research Issues, Whashington, D.C.: NSABB.

(slaidi 17)

United Nations (2006) Sixth Review Conference of the Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction. Final Declaration, BWC/CONF.VI/6 [Online]. 8 December [Cited 15 September 2008]. Available from: http://www.opbw.org/

(slaidi 18)

Littlewood, J. (2008) ‘On Your Marks: Thinking about preparing for the Seventh Review Conference of the Biological Weapons Convention in 2011’, paper presented at the 29th Workshop of the Pugwash Study Group on the Implementation of the Chemical & Biological Weapons Conventions, Moving Towards the Seventh BWC Review Conference, 29‐30 November. Geneva.

(slaidi 19)

UK Foreign Affairs Committee (2009) ‘New Foreign Affairs Committee Report: Global Security: Non-Proliferation’, Foreign Affairs Committee Select Committee Announcement, London: House of Commons. Available from http://www.parliament.uk/documents/upload/FACpn27140609.pdf

(slaidi 20)

Further Inf.1

HSP (2001) CBW Criminalization: Harvard Sussex Program on CBW Armament and Arms Limitation [Accessed 11 August 2009]. Available from http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~hsp/cbwcrim.html

Further Inf.2

Harland, C. B., and Woodward, A. (2005) ‘A Model Law: The Biological and Toxin Weapons Crimes Act An Act to implement obligations under the 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention and the 1925 Geneva Protocol’, International Review of Red Cross, 87(859). 573-586. Available from http://www.vertic.org/NIM/tools/model_laws/#biological