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Prevention and management of sports injury

Every athlete is prone to injuries irrespective of his fitness level. Nature of injury depends on nature ofactivity in which he participates Injuries can be classified into two groups.

Injuries

Minor Injuries Serious injuries

Prevention and management of sports injury

Minor Injuries:-

It is minor in nature with localized inflammation, caused due to some damage to tissues, muscles or tendons .This is caused by over use of affected part and

relieved by sufficient rest and support.Serious injuries:-

In this there is a destruction of some tissues such as bursting of muscles , sprain, of ligament, loss of tissue continuity rapture of blood vessel, localized inflammation and acute pain around the affected part of body

Prevention and management of sports injury

Injuries

Skin Muscles Bones

Prevention and management of sports injury

Skin

Contusion AbrasionLecration/

wound

Contusion

Contusion:-

It is injury caused below or impact without breaking the skin. In other words, it is the crushing of soft tissue by violent external force without breaking the continuity of skin. It caused acute pain, loss of function of the injured part, pain and sometimes swelling in that part

Contusion

Treatment Step:-

1. Contusion should be treated immediately with the ice application2. Apply compression for 12 hours.3. After two days, massage the part to reduce swelling.

Abrasion

Abrasion:-

It is a injury, which is caused when skin is scrapped or rubbed by friction. It causes severe pain sometimes bleeding.

Treatment Step:-

1. Avoid further friction and infection2. Clean the part with antiseptic cream

or soap and water.3. Cover the part with cotton or band –

aid4. Anti-tetanus injection should be taken.5. Repeat the dressing and cleaning of

part every day till it heals.

Abrasion

Lecration/ Wound

Lecration/ Wound

It is the cut over the skin caused due to severe impact of object or the sharp edge.

Treatment Step:-

1. Clean the surface of affected part.2. Stop bleeding at the earliest by

pressing or band-aid or cotton etc.3. Apply ice or cold compression4. Elevate the limbs above the level of

heart.5. Avoid infection by putting medicinal

cream over it.

Lecration/ Wound

Soft tissue injuries of Muscles

Muscles

Strain Sprain

Strain

Strain:-

It is a injury of muscles which is caused by the stress over the muscles or due to pull . In other words, this is caused a violent stretch of muscles or over stretch of muscles beyond its normal limits . In strain muscles get damaged or rapture causing acute pain, loss of function of injured muscles, local inflammation and swelling.

Treatment Step:-

1. Complete rest to the injured muscle and restrict the movement immediately.

2. Elevate the injured part above the level of heart.

3. Apply two days, apply inflammatory cream and give gentle massage to the muscles.

4. Apply cold compression or ice to stop internal bleeding.

Strain

Sprain

Sprain:-

It is a injury of ligament at the joints. It occurs due to the over stretched of ligaments or by the twisting of joints in this there is a rapture of ligaments and tissue . Sprain is very painful and it restricts the movements of joints. There is a swelling as there is a lot of internal bleeding.

Treatment Step:-

1. Complete rest to the injured joints and restrict the movement immediately.

2. Elevate the injured part above the level of heart.

3. Apply two days, apply inflammatory cream and give gentle massage to the muscles.

4. Apply cold compression or ice to stop internal bleeding.

Sprain

Soft tissue injuries of Bones.

Bones

Dislocation Fracture

Dislocation

Dislocation:-

It is a injury of joints in which the adjoining bones are displaced from there original position. It may be associated with sprain or fracture. Dislocation mainly caused due to direct or indirect impact of joints.

Fracture

Fracture:-

In this injury bone breaks-up by some external pressure. It may be slight breakage, complete breakage or complication fracture which may be very dangerous. This is to be handled by an expert. First aid is to stop bleeding and restrict further movements of that parts.

Treatment Step:-

1. Do not move the joints/bone and patient should and patients should be kept in a comfortable position.

2.Apply cold compression by ice packs to reduce pain.

3.Provide support by using string or bleeding.

4. The immobility should be of 3 to 6 weeks.

Treatment steps of bone injury