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Basic Music Arranging for Mariachi Ensemble by Rodolfo Gonzalez, ED. D., © 2017

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Basic Music Arranging For

Mariachi Ensemble

Written by Rodolfo Gonzalez, Ed. D.

© 2017

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Basic Music Arranging for Mariachi Ensemble

Written by Rodolfo Gonzalez, Ed. D. © 2017

Table of Contents

I. Understanding Melody p. 3 A. Basic Music Theory p. 3 B. The Piano Keyboard p. 11 C. Intervals p. 12 D. Key Signatures p. 12 E. Melody Examples for Study and Analysis p. 15 II. Understanding Harmony p. 17

A. Triads and the C Major Scale p. 17 B. First Inversions of the C Major Scale Triads p. 18 C. Second Inversions of the C Major Scale Triads p. 19 D. Triads and the A Minor Scale p. 20 E. First Inversions of the A Minor Scale Triads p. 21 F. Second Inversions of the A Minor Scale Triads p. 22 G. Chords and Songs p. 23 H. Voice Leading Tips p. 26

III. Two-Part Arranging for Trumpets p. 27 IV. Three-Part Arranging for Violins p. 29 V. Arranging for Vihuela/Guitar p. 31 VI. Arranging for Guitarron p. 32 VII. Score Examples for Study and Analysis p. 34 VIII. Appendix p. 38

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I. Understanding Melody A. Basic Music Theory 1. Staff – 5 lines in which music notes are written. 2. Treble Clef – sign used to denote G on the staff used in writing music for high instruments.

Treble Clef 3. Bass Clef – sign used to denote F on the staff used in writing music for low instruments.

Bass Clef 4. The Grand Staff – used to notate piano music.

G

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5. Sharp - - a music symbol used to raise a pitch half a step.

6. Flat - - a music symbol used to lower a pitch half a step.

7. Natural - - a music symbol that cancels a sharp or cancels a flat. 8. Key Signature - a group of sharps or flats found at the beginning of a music score that tell a musician which notes are to be sharpened or flattened (See Appendix for more on key signatures and scales).

9. Time Signature – the two numbers at the beginning of a music score that denote the Meter and which note will be the beat note. Common time signatures are

10. Measure – sections of the staff created by drawing vertical bar lines on the staff.

Measure 1 Measure 2 Measure 3 Measure 4

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11. Bar Line – vertical lines used to divide a staff into pieces.

Bar Line Bar Line Bar Line Bar Line 12. Double Bar – found at the end of a music score which tell a musician that the song is ended.

Double Bar 13. Repeat Sign – two dots at the end (sometimes beginning) of a music score that tell a musician to play the song twice.

Repeat Sign Repeat Sign 14. First and Second Endings – found at the end of a song. Play into the 1st ending and repeat to the beginning or designated measure, then play into the second ending to finish the song. First Ending Second Ending

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15. Da Capo – Italian words that mean “to the head” or to go to the beginning of the music. 16. Fine (fee-nay) – an Italian word that means “the end.” Da Capo al Fine – to go back to the beginning of a song and stop at the word “Fine.”

17. Pitch – a musical sound usually a solfege syllable (do, re, mi, fa, so, la, ti, do). Note - a musical sound usually a letter (A B C D E F G ) or rhythm figure (quarter, eighth, half note…). Tone – usually describes the quality of a musical sound (harsh, gentle, scary, funny…). 18. Lines and Spaces in the Treble Clef Staff

19. Lines and Spaces in the bass clef staff

20. Leger Lines – small vertical lines used to write notes above or below the staff.

leger line leger line leger lines

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21. Descend – to go in a downward direction. 22. Ascend – to go in an upward direction. 23. Scale – a group of 8 pitches/notes/tones that ascend and descend. 24. An ascending scale and a descending scale on the staff

Ascending Scale Descending Scale 25. Solfege Syllables and Hand Signs – consist of do, re, mi, fa, so, la, ti, and high do’. Each solfege syllable has a hand sign as shown below. Solfege hand signs help place the pitch in space.

***Solfege syllables are used to sing pitches/notes/tones of scales. 26. The C Major Scale – an 8 note scale made up letter names CDEFGABC and solfege syllables do, re, mi, fa, so, la, ti, do.

Number: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Solfege syllables: do re mi fa so la ti do’ Letter names: C D e f g a b c

Do Ti La So Fa Mi Re Do

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27. The A Natural Minor Scale – an 8 note scale made up the letter names ABCDEFGA and solfege syllables la, ti, do, re, mi, fa, so, la.

Number: 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 Solfege Syllables: La Ti do re mi fa so la Letter Names: A B C D e f g a

28. Fermata – - a musical symbol that means to keep playing the note until the conductor signals to stop. 29. Round – a song that is played with groups starting at different times. The song “Row, Row, Row Your Boat” is an example of a round. 30. Beat – a steady pulse.

Beats look like: | | | | | | | | | | | |

31. Metronome - an instrument that produces steady beats. 32. Meter – grouping of beats by 2s, 3s, 4s, etc.

Beats = | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 Beats grouped by 2s = 4 = (1, 2)(1, 2) (1, 2) (1, 2) (1, 2) (1, 2) 3 Beats grouped by 3s = 4 = (1, 2, 3)(1, 2, 3) (1, 2, 3)(1, 2 3) 4 Beats grouped by 4s = 4 = (1, 2, 3, 4) (1, 2, 3, 4) (1, 2, 3, 4)

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33. Notes and Rests

Quarter Notes: one beat of sound each Quarter Rests: one beat of silence each

Speak: 1 2 3 4 Whisper: rest rest rest rest Eighth Notes: half a beat of sound each Eighth Rests: half a beat of silence each

With flags: With beams: Speak: 1 an 2 an Speak: 1 an 2 an Whisper: rest an rest an Half Notes: 2 continuous sounding beats long each Half Rests: 2 beats of silence each

Speak: (1-2) (1-2) Whisper: (rest-rest) (rest-rest) Dotted Half Notes: 3 continuous sounding beats long each Dotted Half Rests: 3 beats of silence each

Speak: (1-2-3) (1-2-3) Whisper: (rest-rest-rest) (rest-rest-rest) Whole Note: 4 continuous sounding beats long Whole Rest: 4 beats of silence

Speak: (1-2-3-4) Whisper: (rest-rest-rest-rest) Syncopation

derived from Speak: 1 an an Speak: 1 an an O Dotted Quarter Eighth Notes

derived from Speak: 1-2 an Speak: 1 2 an Sixteenth Notes: 1/4 beat of sound each Sixteenth Rests: 1/4 beat of silence each

With flags: With beams: Speak: (1 ee an uh) Speak: (1 ee an uh) Whisper: (rest ee an uh) One Beat One Beat One Beat Dotted Eighth Sixteenth Notes

derived from Speak: 1 uh Speak: 1 uh

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