FUEL CELLS Q VOLUME *-

EDITED BY GEORGE J. YOUNG

. · . another giant-step forward!

The amazing development and ad­vancement of fuel cells within the past two years has produced a second volume of FUEL CELLS. During this short span of time, relatively crude fuel cell prototypes were developed into efficient cell packs suitable for a variety of applications. And too, considerable progress was made in attaining the long sought objective of hydrocarbon air fuel cells.

Owing to such remarkable achievements as these, the American Chemical Society held another Fuel Cell Symposium, jointly sponsored by the Fuel Chemistry and Petroleum Divisions, in September 1961. The all new VOLUME 2 is based on the outstanding papers presented at this symposium just as the previously published Volume 1 was a culmination of the 1959 symposium.

Chapters written by recognized authori­ties and the editorial guidance of George J. Young serve to insure that the same high standards achieved by Volume 1 are instilled in the new VOLUME 2.

To reap the benefits of new information and technology, to be abreast of the most current developments—fill in the coupon and mail it to Reinhold Book Division, 430 Park Avenue, New York 22, Ν. Υ., today!

1962, 224 pages, $8.00

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A C S Ν E W S

PRF Grants Total 630 in 1954-61 More than 800 research papers published on work supported by Petroleum Research Fund

More than 800 published research papers have resulted from work sup­ported by the Petroleum Research Fund in its first eight years, reports the ACS Division of Research Grants and Fellowships.

In addition, during that period ap­proximately lOOO graduate fellows, 50 postdoctoral fellows, and 350 under­graduate students gained research ex­perience and training, and some 430 college and university faculty mem­bers received stipends for summer re­search through PRF support.

The publication volume was achieved despite the fact that, of the 630 PRF grants given in the eight years ending Dec. 31, 1961, only about 230 were operative for more than two years. Furthermore, according to the report, many of the grants were made for venturesome, imaginative ideas which could well lead to failure, or for work by young men with great but unproved potential, rather than for "sure-fire" programs of established scientists.

The PRF grants and awards, all for advanced scientific education and fundamental research in the petroleum field, were given in nearly a score of scientific disciplines—predominantly organic and physical chemistry, chemi­cal engineering, and the earth sciences. Grants were made to colleges and universities in 48 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and 12 foreign countries.

Quality and the fundamental nature of the proposed research have always been the most important factors con­sidered in making a grant. Of a total of 1170 requests received through last year, 630 were granted, 490 were re­jected, and 50 were withdrawn. For the 1961 program alone, 296 requests were received, of which 118 were granted, 168 rejected, and 10 with­drawn.

The 630 grants through 1961 com­prised 445 for faculty-graduate student research, 150 for undergraduate re­search involving faculty members and undergraduate students of liberal arts colleges, 25 for advanced faculty re­search on an international exchange basis, and 10 for advanced study and research in U.S. universities by science faculty members from undergraduate colleges.

In addition, 30 unsolicited and un­restricted grants of $50,000 each were awarded to academic scientists se­lected on the basis of their accomplish­ments in research and scientific educa­tion. These include 22 in chemistry, five in chemical engineering, and three in geology. Twelve postdoctoral fel­lowships (seven in chemistry and five in geology) also were awarded. The accompanying table shows how many grants were active each year.

Beginnings in 1944. The PRF was established late in 1944, under the laws of the State of New York, as a charitable trust resulting from divesti-

8 2 C & E N N O V . 19, 1 9 6 2

Number of Grants Active and Amounts Paid Out During Year Type of Grant

Graduate, Type A Undergraduate, Type Β Others

Total

Payments for all years (in thousands)

1954

23

2 25

$164

1955

48

2 50

$227

1956

56

56

$266

1957

87 8 4

99

$443

1958

108 31 15

154

$969

1959

165 39 20

224

$1479

1960

250 73 25

348

$2760

1961

307 97 27

431

$2965

ture of Universal Oil Products Co. The Guaranty Trust Co. (now the Morgan Guaranty Trust Co.) was named trustee. The trust agreement placed the ACS in charge of a re­search and education program financed by income from the fund (C&EN, Sept. 4, 1961, page 150).

The owners of UOP responsible for the trust agreement were Shell Oil, Standard Oil of Calif., Standard Oil (Ind.) , Standard Oil (N.J.), The Texas Co., and N. V. de Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (the Nether­lands). Phillips Petroleum, although not a party to the original agreement, later also contributed all its interests in UOP.

By 1954, the income from the trust had increased to the point where a program of grants could be launched. Twenty-five grants were given that year and the program since then has grown steadily.

In 1960, the trustee sold UOP to a group of underwriters for slightly more than $70 million. These pro­ceeds were placed by Morgan Guar­anty Trust in a diversified portfolio which now provides some $2.8 mil­lion annually. This income, accord­ing to the trust agreement, must be used "exclusively for advanced scientific education and fundamental research in the 'petroleum field,' which may include any field of pure science which in the judgment of the recipient may afford a basis for subsequent re­search directly connected with the petroleum field."

PRF is administered by the ACS Division of Research Grants and Fel­lowships in the Office of the Executive Secretary. Dr. Karl Dittmer is di­rector of the division and program ad­ministrator of PRF, and Dr. Joseph Boyer is assistant program adminis­trator. They are assisted by a 19-man advisory board under the chairman­ship of Dr. Cary R. Wagner. This group, established by the ACS Board of Directors, considers policy matters, reviews all requests for grants-in-aid, and makes recommendations to the Society's Board Committee on Grants and Fellowships.

This is a news summary of the Petro­leum Research Fund report included in the official report of the Society's Board of Directors to the ACS Council at the 142 ACS National Meeting.

Isatoic Anhydride Imaginative chemists are finding interesting new uses for this highly reactive chemical and its derivatives. For instance, in the manufacture of:

Agricultural chemicals: Amides and esters of anthranilic acid, o-carboxyphenylcarbamates, substituted ureas, and nitrogen heterocyclics, such as the 4-ketobenztriazines.

Dyestuffs and Pigments: 5-substituted anthranilic acids, including chloro, nitro and sulfo analogs which may be viewed as o-carboxy derivatives of the commercially im­portant p-chloroaniline, p-nitroaniline and sulfanilic acid.

Flavors and Fragrances: Near quantitative yields of high quality anthranilate esters from single kettle opera­tion. Isatoic anhydride as deodorizing agent for mercap-tans, amines and alcohols.

Pharmaceuticals: Aromatic and heterocyclic compounds such as benzoyleneureas, quinazolines, quinolines, o-aminobenzophenones, anthranilic acid hydrazides, o-carboxyphenylcarbamates and o-carboxyphenyl ureas as intermediates and final products.

Write for Bulletin 62-8 and samples. Maumee Chemical Company, 1310 Expressway Drive, Toledo 8, Ohio.

NOV. 19, 1962 C&EN 83

gives you a lot

to think about

MAUMEE Quality Organics