PrimatesStephanie DiPietrantonio, Milan Genovese, and Justin HalimSection 2Group 3

http://iloveprimates.com/types-of-primates/

Prosimians

Pro= Before

Simian= Apes classic image that comes to mind

More primitive than simians

Found in small groups; not very social

Relies more on sense of smell

http://iloveprimates.com/what%e2%80%99s-a-primate/

This is not an example of a Prosimian!

Stephanie DiPietrantonio

Appearance

Long snout

Wet nose

Tooth combs

Eyes glow in the dark and can see in the dark

See in black-and-white

http://iloveprimates.com/types-of-primates/

Stephanie DiPietrantonio

Strepsirrhines

Includes monkeys, apes, and humans

Very social animals

Found in large family units

Characterized by complex hierarchies

Relies more on sense of sight

http://iloveprimates.com/primates-of-africa/

Stephanie DiPietrantonio

Appearances

Can’t see in the dark

Dry nose

See in color

Fleshy upper lip

No tooth combs or

grooming claws

http://iloveprimates.com/primates-of-africa/

Stephanie DiPietrantonio

Evolution of Primates

Primates evolved from the species Purgatorius.

Primates then evolved into two separate groups, the Strepsirrhini and the Haplorhini.

Purgatorius

Justin Halim

Evolution of Primates

Primates

Strepsirrhini

Haplorhini

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/thumb/e7/Ringtailedlemur.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/thumb/09/Totenkopfaeffchen.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Purgatorius_BW.jpg

Purgatorius

Justin Halim

Primates - Strepsirrhini

Strepsirrhini is divided into two groups:

1. Lemuriformes: aye-ayes, lemurs (sportive, woolly, dwarf, etc.)

2. Lorisiformes: lorises, galagos, etc.

Lemurs

Aye-aye Loris Galagos

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia//thumb/9f/Lemur.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aye-aye.jpg http://www.factzoo.com/sites/img/slender-loris.jpg

http://www.mnh.si.edu/mammals/images/bushbaby.jpg

Justin Halim

Primates - Haplorhini

Haplorhini is divided into two groups:

1. Tarsiiformes: Tarsiers

2. Simiiformes: Old World Monkeys, New World Monkeys, and apes

TarsierOld World Monkeys

New World Monkey

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/thumb/Semnopithecus.JPG http://www.itsnature.org/wp-content/uploads/tarsier.jpg http://1.bp.blogspot.com/cute-capuchin-monkey-

picture.jpg

Justin Halim

Haplorhini - Simiiformes

Simiiformes include New World Monkeys and the group Catarrhini.

New World Monkeys are small monkeys with flat noses. They include:

Marmosets & Tamarins

Capuchins

Owl Monkeys

Howler & Spider Monkeys

Capuchin

Spider Monkey

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/cute-capuchin-monkey-picture.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia//BrownSpiderMonkey.jpg

Justin Halim

Haplorhini - Catarrhini

The group Catarrhini includes the Old World Monkeys and the group Hominoidea.

Old World Monkeys are different from New World due to different shapes of noses, and are mostly larger. Old World Monkeys include:

Baboons

Mandrills & Drills

MacaquesMandrillMacaques

http://www.wildexhibition.com/photos/macaques.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/Mandril.jpg

Justin Halim

Catarrhini - Hominoidea

Hominoidea is separated into the “lesser apes” and the “greater apes.”

“Lesser apes” – the gibbons

“Greater apes” (order of evolution) – orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans

Gibbons Orangutans Gorilla Chimpanzees

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Gibbon_Amiens_26873.jpg http://3.bp.blogspot.com/orangutan_g.jpg http://crossfitcle.com/gorillafight-thumb-

440x332.jpg

http://sitemaker.umich.edu/mitani/files/males_groom.jpg

Justin Halim

Spread of Disease

• Urbanization and habitat destruction has lead to increased contact between humans and wildlife

• Cross species disease transfers have occurred as humans move to what was forest

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Milan Genovese

Disease in Primates

• Some primate diseases that have crossed species include:

- Nipah Virus- Ebola- HIV

http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/isselee/isselee0909/isselee090900135/5570122-handshake-between-human-hand-and-monkey-hand-mixed-breed-between-chimpanzee-and-bonobo--20-years-old.jpg

Milan Genovese

Nipah Virus

HIV

Ebola

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HIV-budding-Color.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ebola_virus_virion.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ebola_virus_virion.jpg

Milan Genovese

Simian Hemorrhagic Fever

Virus • Other Diseases, such as Simian

Hemorrhagic Fever, may be exclusive to certain species

• SHFV often mirrors Ebola

• Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus is almost always fatal

Milan Genovese

Simian

Hemorrhagic Fever Virus

• Other Diseases, such as Simian Hemorrhagic Fever, may be exclusive to certain species

• SHFV often mimics Ebola

• Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus is almost always fatal

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_E_ezSeH3Etw/TSMabahq8I/AAAAAAAAASE/AeF3jjd_htg/s1600/03+Sad+monkey.jpg

Milan Genovese

Informational References

Lemur disease ecology: Linking health, ecosystem viability & conservation in Madagascar | Duke University Center for International Studies. (2008, October 21). Duke University Center for International Studies. Retrieved November 21, 2011, from http://ducis.jhfc.duke.edu/2008/10/21/lemur-disease-ecology-linking-health-ecosystem-viability-and-conservation-in-madagascar/

[Forest in Trouble] Retrieved November 21, 2011, from: http://www.foe.co.uk/imgs/bulldozer_forest2.jpg

[Monkey Hand and Human Hand] Retrieved November 21, 2011, from; http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/isselee/isselee0909/isselee090900135/5570122-handshake-between-human-hand-and-monkey-hand-mixed-breed-between-chimpanzee-and-bonobo--20-years-old.jpg

Goldsmith, C. HIV Under Electron Microscope . Retrieved November 27, 2011, from; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HIV-budding-Color.jpg

Image Citations

Goldsmith, C. Ebola Virus Viron. Retrieved November 27, 2011, from; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ebola_virus_virion.jpg

Image Citations